/*
* Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.common.collect;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
/**
* A collection that supports order-independent equality, like {@link Set}, but
* may have duplicate elements. A multiset is also sometimes called a
* <i>bag</i>.
*
* <p>Elements of a multiset that are equal to one another are referred to as
* <i>occurrences</i> of the same single element. The total number of
* occurrences of an element in a multiset is called the <i>count</i> of that
* element (the terms "frequency" and "multiplicity" are equivalent, but not
* used in this API). Since the count of an element is represented as an {@code
* int}, a multiset may never contain more than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
* occurrences of any one element.
*
* <p>{@code Multiset} refines the specifications of several methods from
* {@code Collection}. It also defines an additional query operation, {@link
* #count}, which returns the count of an element. There are five new
* bulk-modification operations, for example {@link #add(Object, int)}, to add
* or remove multiple occurrences of an element at once, or to set the count of
* an element to a specific value. These modification operations are optional,
* but implementations which support the standard collection operations {@link
* #add(Object)} or {@link #remove(Object)} are encouraged to implement the
* related methods as well. Finally, two collection views are provided: {@link
* #elementSet} contains the distinct elements of the multiset "with duplicates
* collapsed", and {@link #entrySet} is similar but contains {@link Entry
* Multiset.Entry} instances, each providing both a distinct element and the
* count of that element.
*
* <p>In addition to these required methods, implementations of {@code
* Multiset} are expected to provide two {@code static} creation methods:
* {@code create()}, returning an empty multiset, and {@code
* create(Iterable<? extends E>)}, returning a multiset containing the
* given initial elements. This is simply a refinement of {@code Collection}'s
* constructor recommendations, reflecting the new developments of Java 5.
*
* <p>As with other collection types, the modification operations are optional,
* and should throw {@link UnsupportedOperationException} when they are not
* implemented. Most implementations should support either all add operations
* or none of them, all removal operations or none of them, and if and only if
* all of these are supported, the {@code setCount} methods as well.
*
* <p>A multiset uses {@link Object#equals} to determine whether two instances
* should be considered "the same," <i>unless specified otherwise</i> by the
* implementation.
*
* <p>Common implementations include {@link ImmutableMultiset}, {@link
* HashMultiset}, and {@link ConcurrentHashMultiset}.
*
* <p>If your values may be zero, negative, or outside the range of an int, you
* may wish to use {@link com.google.common.util.concurrent.AtomicLongMap}
* instead. Note, however, that unlike {@code Multiset}, {@code AtomicLongMap}
* does not automatically remove zeros.
*
* <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a href=
* "http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/NewCollectionTypesExplained#Multiset">
* {@code Multiset}</a>.
*
* @author Kevin Bourrillion
* @since 2.0 (imported from Google Collections Library)
*/
@GwtCompatible
public interface Multiset<E> extends Collection<E> {
// Query Operations
/**
* Returns the number of occurrences of an element in this multiset (the
* <i>count</i> of the element). Note that for an {@link Object#equals}-based
* multiset, this gives the same result as {@link Collections#frequency}
* (which would presumably perform more poorly).
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> the utility method {@link Iterables#frequency} generalizes
* this operation; it correctly delegates to this method when dealing with a
* multiset, but it can also accept any other iterable type.
*
* @param element the element to count occurrences of
* @return the number of occurrences of the element in this multiset; possibly
* zero but never negative
*/
int count(@Nullable Object element);
// Bulk Operations
/**
* Adds a number of occurrences of an element to this multiset. Note that if
* {@code occurrences == 1}, this method has the identical effect to {@link
* #add(Object)}. This method is functionally equivalent (except in the case
* of overflow) to the call {@code addAll(Collections.nCopies(element,
* occurrences))}, which would presumably perform much more poorly.
*
* @param element the element to add occurrences of; may be null only if
* explicitly allowed by the implementation
* @param occurrences the number of occurrences of the element to add. May be
* zero, in which case no change will be made.
* @return the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code occurrences} is negative, or if
* this operation would result in more than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
* occurrences of the element
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null and this
* implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if {@code
* occurrences} is zero, the implementation may opt to return normally.
*/
int add(@Nullable E element, int occurrences);
/**
* Removes a number of occurrences of the specified element from this
* multiset. If the multiset contains fewer than this number of occurrences to
* begin with, all occurrences will be removed. Note that if
* {@code occurrences == 1}, this is functionally equivalent to the call
* {@code remove(element)}.
*
* @param element the element to conditionally remove occurrences of
* @param occurrences the number of occurrences of the element to remove. May
* be zero, in which case no change will be made.
* @return the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code occurrences} is negative
*/
int remove(@Nullable Object element, int occurrences);
/**
* Adds or removes the necessary occurrences of an element such that the
* element attains the desired count.
*
* @param element the element to add or remove occurrences of; may be null
* only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
* @param count the desired count of the element in this multiset
* @return the count of the element before the operation; possibly zero
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} is negative
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null and this
* implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if {@code
* count} is zero, the implementor may optionally return zero instead.
*/
int setCount(E element, int count);
/**
* Conditionally sets the count of an element to a new value, as described in
* {@link #setCount(Object, int)}, provided that the element has the expected
* current count. If the current count is not {@code oldCount}, no change is
* made.
*
* @param element the element to conditionally set the count of; may be null
* only if explicitly allowed by the implementation
* @param oldCount the expected present count of the element in this multiset
* @param newCount the desired count of the element in this multiset
* @return {@code true} if the condition for modification was met. This
* implies that the multiset was indeed modified, unless
* {@code oldCount == newCount}.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code oldCount} or {@code newCount} is
* negative
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null and the
* implementation does not permit null elements. Note that if {@code
* oldCount} and {@code newCount} are both zero, the implementor may
* optionally return {@code true} instead.
*/
boolean setCount(E element, int oldCount, int newCount);
// Views
/**
* Returns the set of distinct elements contained in this multiset. The
* element set is backed by the same data as the multiset, so any change to
* either is immediately reflected in the other. The order of the elements in
* the element set is unspecified.
*
* <p>If the element set supports any removal operations, these necessarily
* cause <b>all</b> occurrences of the removed element(s) to be removed from
* the multiset. Implementations are not expected to support the add
* operations, although this is possible.
*
* <p>A common use for the element set is to find the number of distinct
* elements in the multiset: {@code elementSet().size()}.
*
* @return a view of the set of distinct elements in this multiset
*/
Set<E> elementSet();
/**
* Returns a view of the contents of this multiset, grouped into {@code
* Multiset.Entry} instances, each providing an element of the multiset and
* the count of that element. This set contains exactly one entry for each
* distinct element in the multiset (thus it always has the same size as the
* {@link #elementSet}). The order of the elements in the element set is
* unspecified.
*
* <p>The entry set is backed by the same data as the multiset, so any change
* to either is immediately reflected in the other. However, multiset changes
* may or may not be reflected in any {@code Entry} instances already
* retrieved from the entry set (this is implementation-dependent).
* Furthermore, implementations are not required to support modifications to
* the entry set at all, and the {@code Entry} instances themselves don't
* even have methods for modification. See the specific implementation class
* for more details on how its entry set handles modifications.
*
* @return a set of entries representing the data of this multiset
*/
Set<Entry<E>> entrySet();
/**
* An unmodifiable element-count pair for a multiset. The {@link
* Multiset#entrySet} method returns a view of the multiset whose elements
* are of this class. A multiset implementation may return Entry instances
* that are either live "read-through" views to the Multiset, or immutable
* snapshots. Note that this type is unrelated to the similarly-named type
* {@code Map.Entry}.
*
* @since 2.0 (imported from Google Collections Library)
*/
interface Entry<E> {
/**
* Returns the multiset element corresponding to this entry. Multiple calls
* to this method always return the same instance.
*
* @return the element corresponding to this entry
*/
E getElement();
/**
* Returns the count of the associated element in the underlying multiset.
* This count may either be an unchanging snapshot of the count at the time
* the entry was retrieved, or a live view of the current count of the
* element in the multiset, depending on the implementation. Note that in
* the former case, this method can never return zero, while in the latter,
* it will return zero if all occurrences of the element were since removed
* from the multiset.
*
* @return the count of the element; never negative
*/
int getCount();
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>Returns {@code true} if the given object is also a multiset entry and
* the two entries represent the same element and count. That is, two
* entries {@code a} and {@code b} are equal if: <pre> {@code
*
* Objects.equal(a.getElement(), b.getElement())
* && a.getCount() == b.getCount()}</pre>
*/
@Override
// TODO(kevinb): check this wrt TreeMultiset?
boolean equals(Object o);
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>The hash code of a multiset entry for element {@code element} and
* count {@code count} is defined as: <pre> {@code
*
* ((element == null) ? 0 : element.hashCode()) ^ count}</pre>
*/
@Override
int hashCode();
/**
* Returns the canonical string representation of this entry, defined as
* follows. If the count for this entry is one, this is simply the string
* representation of the corresponding element. Otherwise, it is the string
* representation of the element, followed by the three characters {@code
* " x "} (space, letter x, space), followed by the count.
*/
@Override
String toString();
}
// Comparison and hashing
/**
* Compares the specified object with this multiset for equality. Returns
* {@code true} if the given object is also a multiset and contains equal
* elements with equal counts, regardless of order.
*/
@Override
// TODO(kevinb): caveats about equivalence-relation?
boolean equals(@Nullable Object object);
/**
* Returns the hash code for this multiset. This is defined as the sum of
* <pre> {@code
*
* ((element == null) ? 0 : element.hashCode()) ^ count(element)}</pre>
*
* <p>over all distinct elements in the multiset. It follows that a multiset and
* its entry set always have the same hash code.
*/
@Override
int hashCode();
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>It is recommended, though not mandatory, that this method return the
* result of invoking {@link #toString} on the {@link #entrySet}, yielding a
* result such as {@code [a x 3, c, d x 2, e]}.
*/
@Override
String toString();
// Refined Collection Methods
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p>Elements that occur multiple times in the multiset will appear
* multiple times in this iterator, though not necessarily sequentially.
*/
@Override
Iterator<E> iterator();
/**
* Determines whether this multiset contains the specified element.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#contains} to further specify that
* it <b>may not</b> throw an exception in response to {@code element} being
* null or of the wrong type.
*
* @param element the element to check for
* @return {@code true} if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of
* the element
*/
@Override
boolean contains(@Nullable Object element);
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of
* each element in the specified collection.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#containsAll} to further specify
* that it <b>may not</b> throw an exception in response to any of {@code
* elements} being null or of the wrong type.
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> this method does not take into account the occurrence
* count of an element in the two collections; it may still return {@code
* true} even if {@code elements} contains several occurrences of an element
* and this multiset contains only one. This is no different than any other
* collection type like {@link List}, but it may be unexpected to the user of
* a multiset.
*
* @param elements the collection of elements to be checked for containment in
* this multiset
* @return {@code true} if this multiset contains at least one occurrence of
* each element contained in {@code elements}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code elements} is null
*/
@Override
boolean containsAll(Collection<?> elements);
/**
* Adds a single occurrence of the specified element to this multiset.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#add}, which only <i>ensures</i>
* the presence of the element, to further specify that a successful call must
* always increment the count of the element, and the overall size of the
* collection, by one.
*
* @param element the element to add one occurrence of; may be null only if
* explicitly allowed by the implementation
* @return {@code true} always, since this call is required to modify the
* multiset, unlike other {@link Collection} types
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code element} is null and this
* implementation does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} occurrences
* of {@code element} are already contained in this multiset
*/
@Override
boolean add(E element);
/**
* Removes a <i>single</i> occurrence of the specified element from this
* multiset, if present.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#remove} to further specify that it
* <b>may not</b> throw an exception in response to {@code element} being null
* or of the wrong type.
*
* @param element the element to remove one occurrence of
* @return {@code true} if an occurrence was found and removed
*/
@Override
boolean remove(@Nullable Object element);
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> This method ignores how often any element might appear in
* {@code c}, and only cares whether or not an element appears at all.
* If you wish to remove one occurrence in this multiset for every occurrence
* in {@code c}, see {@link Multisets#removeOccurrences(Multiset, Multiset)}.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#removeAll} to further specify that
* it <b>may not</b> throw an exception in response to any of {@code elements}
* being null or of the wrong type.
*/
@Override
boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c);
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> This method ignores how often any element might appear in
* {@code c}, and only cares whether or not an element appears at all.
* If you wish to remove one occurrence in this multiset for every occurrence
* in {@code c}, see {@link Multisets#retainOccurrences(Multiset, Multiset)}.
*
* <p>This method refines {@link Collection#retainAll} to further specify that
* it <b>may not</b> throw an exception in response to any of {@code elements}
* being null or of the wrong type.
*
* @see Multisets#retainOccurrences(Multiset, Multiset)
*/
@Override
boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c);
}