/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.cache;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ExecutionError;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException;

import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * A semi-persistent mapping from keys to values. Cache entries are manually added using
 * {@link #get(Object, Callable)} or {@link #put(Object, Object)}, and are stored in the cache until
 * either evicted or manually invalidated.
 *
 * <p>Implementations of this interface are expected to be thread-safe, and can be safely accessed
 * by multiple concurrent threads.
 *
 * <p>Note that while this class is still annotated as {@link Beta}, the API is frozen from a
 * consumer's standpoint. In other words existing methods are all considered {@code non-Beta} and
 * won't be changed without going through an 18 month deprecation cycle; however new methods may be
 * added at any time.
 *
 * @author Charles Fry
 * @since 10.0
 */
@Beta
@GwtCompatible
public interface Cache<K, V> {

  /**
   * Returns the value associated with {@code key} in this cache, or {@code null} if there is no
   * cached value for {@code key}.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  @Nullable
  V getIfPresent(Object key);

  /**
   * Returns the value associated with {@code key} in this cache, obtaining that value from
   * {@code valueLoader} if necessary. No observable state associated with this cache is modified
   * until loading completes. This method provides a simple substitute for the conventional
   * "if cached, return; otherwise create, cache and return" pattern.
   *
   * <p><b>Warning:</b> as with {@link CacheLoader#load}, {@code valueLoader} <b>must not</b> return
   * {@code null}; it may either return a non-null value or throw an exception.
   *
   * @throws ExecutionException if a checked exception was thrown while loading the value
   * @throws UncheckedExecutionException if an unchecked exception was thrown while loading the
   *     value
   * @throws ExecutionError if an error was thrown while loading the value
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  V get(K key, Callable<? extends V> valueLoader) throws ExecutionException;

  /**
   * Returns a map of the values associated with {@code keys} in this cache. The returned map will
   * only contain entries which are already present in the cache.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  ImmutableMap<K, V> getAllPresent(Iterable<?> keys);

  /**
   * Associates {@code value} with {@code key} in this cache. If the cache previously contained a
   * value associated with {@code key}, the old value is replaced by {@code value}.
   *
   * <p>Prefer {@link #get(Object, Callable)} when using the conventional "if cached, return;
   * otherwise create, cache and return" pattern.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  void put(K key, V value);

  /**
   * Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to the cache. The effect of this call is
   * equivalent to that of calling {@code put(k, v)} on this map once for each mapping from key
   * {@code k} to value {@code v} in the specified map. The behavior of this operation is undefined
   * if the specified map is modified while the operation is in progress.
   *
   * @since 12.0
   */
  void putAll(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m);

  /**
   * Discards any cached value for key {@code key}.
   */
  void invalidate(Object key);

  /**
   * Discards any cached values for keys {@code keys}.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  void invalidateAll(Iterable<?> keys);

  /**
   * Discards all entries in the cache.
   */
  void invalidateAll();

  /**
   * Returns the approximate number of entries in this cache.
   */
  long size();

  /**
   * Returns a current snapshot of this cache's cumulative statistics. All stats are initialized
   * to zero, and are monotonically increasing over the lifetime of the cache.
   *
   */
  CacheStats stats();

  /**
   * Returns a view of the entries stored in this cache as a thread-safe map. Modifications made to
   * the map directly affect the cache.
   *
   * <p>Iterators from the returned map are at least <i>weakly consistent</i>: they are safe for
   * concurrent use, but if the cache is modified (including by eviction) after the iterator is
   * created, it is undefined which of the changes (if any) will be reflected in that iterator.
   */
  ConcurrentMap<K, V> asMap();

  /**
   * Performs any pending maintenance operations needed by the cache. Exactly which activities are
   * performed -- if any -- is implementation-dependent.
   */
  void cleanUp();
}