package com.revolsys.util; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; /** * <p> * Encodes and decodes to and from Base64 notation. * </p> * <p> * Homepage: <a href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a>. * </p> * <p> * The <tt>options</tt> parameter, which appears in a few places, is used to * pass several pieces of information to the encoder. In the "higher level" * methods such as encodeBytes( bytes, options ) the options parameter can be * used to indicate such things as first gzipping the bytes before encoding * them, not inserting linefeeds (though that breaks strict Base64 * compatibility), and encoding using the URL-safe and Ordered dialects. * </p> * <p> * The constants defined in Base64 can be OR-ed together to combine options, so * you might make a call like this: * </p> * <code>String encoded = Base64.encodeBytes( mybytes, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES );</code> * <p> * to compress the data before encoding it and then making the output have no * newline characters. * </p> * <p> * Change Log: * </p> * <ul> * <li>v2.2.2 - Fixed encodeFileToFile and decodeFileToFile to use the * Base64.InputStream class to encode and decode on the fly which uses less * memory than encoding/decoding an entire file into memory before writing.</li> * <li>v2.2.1 - Fixed bug using URL_SAFE and ORDERED encodings. Fixed bug when * using very small files (~< 40 bytes).</li> * <li>v2.2 - Added some helper methods for encoding/decoding directly from one * file to the next. Also added a main() method to support command line * encoding/decoding from one file to the next. Also added these Base64 * dialects: * <ol> * <li>The default is RFC3548 format.</li> * <li>Calling Base64.setFormat(Base64.BASE64_FORMAT.URLSAFE_FORMAT) generates * URL and file name friendly format as described in Section 4 of RFC3548. * http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html</li> * <li>Calling Base64.setFormat(Base64.BASE64_FORMAT.ORDERED_FORMAT) generates * URL and file name friendly format that preserves lexical ordering as * described in http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html</li> * </ol> * Special thanks to Jim Kellerman at <a * href="http://www.powerset.com/">http://www.powerset.com/</a> for contributing * the new Base64 dialects.</li> * <li>v2.1 - Cleaned up javadoc comments and unused variables and methods. * Added some convenience methods for reading and writing to and from files.</li> * <li>v2.0.2 - Now specifies UTF-8 encoding in places where the code fails on * systems with other encodings (like EBCDIC).</li> * <li>v2.0.1 - Fixed an error when decoding a single byte, that is, when the * encoded data was a single byte.</li> * <li>v2.0 - I got rid of methods that used booleans to set options. Now * everything is more consolidated and cleaner. The code now detects when data * that's being decoded is gzip-compressed and will decompress it automatically. * Generally things are cleaner. You'll probably have to change some method * calls that you were making to support the new options format (<tt>int</tt>s * that you "OR" together).</li> * <li>v1.5.1 - Fixed bug when decompressing and decoding to a byte[] using * <tt>decode( String s, boolean gzipCompressed )</tt>. Added the ability to * "suspend" encoding in the Output Stream so you can turn on and off the * encoding if you need to embed base64 data in an otherwise "normal" stream * (like an XML file).</li> * <li>v1.5 - Output stream pases on flush() command but doesn't do anything * itself. This helps when using GZIP streams. Added the ability to * GZip-compress objects before encoding them.</li> * <li>v1.4 - Added helper methods to read/write files.</li> * <li>v1.3.6 - Fixed OutputStream.flush() so that 'position' is reset.</li> * <li>v1.3.5 - Added flag to turn on and off line breaks. Fixed bug in input * stream where last buffer being read, if not completely full, was not * returned.</li> * <li>v1.3.4 - Fixed when "improperly padded stream" error was thrown at the * wrong time.</li> * <li>v1.3.3 - Fixed I/O streams which were totally messed up.</li> * </ul> * <p> * I am placing this code in the Public Domain. Do with it as you will. This * software comes with no guarantees or warranties but with plenty of * well-wishing instead! Please visit <a * href="http://iharder.net/base64">http://iharder.net/base64</a> periodically * to check for updates or to contribute improvements. * </p> * * @author Robert Harder * @author rob@iharder.net * @version 2.2.2 */ public class Base64 { /* P U B L I C Q I E L D S */ /** * A {@link Base64.OutputStream} will write data to another * <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt>, given in the constructor, and encode/decode * to/from Base64 notation on the fly. * * @see Base64 * @since 1.3 */ public static class OutputStream extends java.io.FilterOutputStream { private final byte[] b4; // Scratch used in a few places private final boolean breakLines; private byte[] buffer; private final int bufferLength; private final byte[] decodabet; // Local copies to avoid extra method calls private final boolean encode; private int lineLength; private final int options; // Record for later private int position; private boolean suspendEncoding; /** * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in ENCODE mode. * * @param out the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be * written. * @since 1.3 */ public OutputStream(final java.io.OutputStream out) { this(out, ENCODE); } // end constructor /** * Constructs a {@link Base64.OutputStream} in either ENCODE or DECODE mode. * <p> * Valid options: * * <pre> * ENCODE or DECODE: Encode or Decode as data is read. * DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters * (only meaningful when encoding) * <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i> * </pre> * <p> * Example: <code>new Base64.OutputStream( out, Base64.ENCODE )</code> * * @param out the <tt>java.io.OutputStream</tt> to which data will be * written. * @param options Specified options. * @see Base64#ENCODE * @see Base64#DECODE * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES * @since 1.3 */ public OutputStream(final java.io.OutputStream out, final int options) { super(out); this.breakLines = (options & DONT_BREAK_LINES) != DONT_BREAK_LINES; this.encode = (options & ENCODE) == ENCODE; this.bufferLength = this.encode ? 3 : 4; this.buffer = new byte[this.bufferLength]; this.position = 0; this.lineLength = 0; this.suspendEncoding = false; this.b4 = new byte[4]; this.options = options; this.decodabet = getDecodabet(options); } // end constructor /** * Flushes and closes (I think, in the superclass) the stream. * * @since 1.3 */ @Override public void close() throws java.io.IOException { // 1. Ensure that pending characters are written flushBase64(); // 2. Actually close the stream // Base class both flushes and closes. super.close(); this.buffer = null; this.out = null; } // end close /** * Method added by PHIL. [Thanks, PHIL. -Rob] This pads the buffer without * closing the stream. */ public void flushBase64() throws java.io.IOException { if (this.position > 0) { if (this.encode) { this.out.write(encode3to4(this.b4, this.buffer, this.position, this.options)); this.position = 0; } // end if: encoding else { throw new java.io.IOException("Base64 input not properly padded."); } // end else: decoding } // end if: buffer partially full } // end flush /** * Resumes encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed a * piece of base640-encoded data in a stream. * * @since 1.5.1 */ public void resumeEncoding() { this.suspendEncoding = false; } // end resumeEncoding /** * Suspends encoding of the stream. May be helpful if you need to embed a * piece of base640-encoded data in a stream. * * @since 1.5.1 */ public void suspendEncoding() throws java.io.IOException { flushBase64(); this.suspendEncoding = true; } // end suspendEncoding /** * Calls {@link #write(int)} repeatedly until <var>len</var> bytes are * written. * * @param theBytes array from which to read bytes * @param off offset for array * @param len max number of bytes to read into array * @since 1.3 */ @Override public void write(final byte[] theBytes, final int off, final int len) throws java.io.IOException { // Encoding suspended? if (this.suspendEncoding) { super.out.write(theBytes, off, len); return; } // end if: supsended for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { write(theBytes[off + i]); } // end for: each byte written } // end write /** * Writes the byte to the output stream after converting to/from Base64 * notation. When encoding, bytes are buffered three at a time before the * output stream actually gets a write() call. When decoding, bytes are * buffered four at a time. * * @param theByte the byte to write * @since 1.3 */ @Override public void write(final int theByte) throws java.io.IOException { // Encoding suspended? if (this.suspendEncoding) { super.out.write(theByte); return; } // end if: supsended // Encode? if (this.encode) { this.buffer[this.position++] = (byte)theByte; if (this.position >= this.bufferLength) // Enough to encode. { this.out.write(encode3to4(this.b4, this.buffer, this.bufferLength, this.options)); this.lineLength += 4; if (this.breakLines && this.lineLength >= MAX_LINE_LENGTH) { this.out.write(NEW_LINE); this.lineLength = 0; } // end if: end of line this.position = 0; } // end if: enough to output } // end if: encoding // Else, Decoding else { // Meaningful Base64 character? if (this.decodabet[theByte & 0x7f] > WHITE_SPACE_ENC) { this.buffer[this.position++] = (byte)theByte; if (this.position >= this.bufferLength) // Enough to output. { final int len = Base64.decode4to3(this.buffer, 0, this.b4, 0, this.options); this.out.write(this.b4, 0, len); // out.write( Base64.decode4to3( buffer ) ); this.position = 0; } // end if: enough to output } // end if: meaningful base64 character else if (this.decodabet[theByte & 0x7f] != WHITE_SPACE_ENC) { throw new java.io.IOException("Invalid character in Base64 data."); } // end else: not white space either } // end else: decoding } // end write } // end inner class OutputStream /** * I don't get the point of this technique, but it is described here: <a * href="http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html" * >http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html</a>. */ private final static byte[] _ORDERED_ALPHABET = { (byte)'-', (byte)'0', (byte)'1', (byte)'2', (byte)'3', (byte)'4', (byte)'5', (byte)'6', (byte)'7', (byte)'8', (byte)'9', (byte)'A', (byte)'B', (byte)'C', (byte)'D', (byte)'E', (byte)'F', (byte)'G', (byte)'H', (byte)'I', (byte)'J', (byte)'K', (byte)'L', (byte)'M', (byte)'N', (byte)'O', (byte)'P', (byte)'Q', (byte)'R', (byte)'S', (byte)'T', (byte)'U', (byte)'V', (byte)'W', (byte)'X', (byte)'Y', (byte)'Z', (byte)'_', (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', (byte)'d', (byte)'e', (byte)'f', (byte)'g', (byte)'h', (byte)'i', (byte)'j', (byte)'k', (byte)'l', (byte)'m', (byte)'n', (byte)'o', (byte)'p', (byte)'q', (byte)'r', (byte)'s', (byte)'t', (byte)'u', (byte)'v', (byte)'w', (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z' }; /** * Used in decoding the "ordered" dialect of Base64. */ private final static byte[] _ORDERED_DECODABET = { -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 0 - 8 -5, -5, // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed -9, -9, // Decimal 11 - 12 -5, // Whitespace: Carriage Return -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 14 - 26 -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 27 - 31 -5, // Whitespace: Space -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 33 - 42 -9, // Plus sign at decimal 43 -9, // Decimal 44 0, // Minus sign at decimal 45 -9, // Decimal 46 -9, // Slash at decimal 47 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, // Numbers zero through nine -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 58 - 60 -1, // Equals sign at decimal 61 -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 62 - 64 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, // Letters 'A' through // 'M' 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, // Letters 'N' through // 'Z' -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 91 - 94 37, // Underscore at decimal 95 -9, // Decimal 96 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, // Letters 'a' through // 'm' 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, // Letters 'n' through // 'z' -9, -9, -9, -9 // Decimal 123 - 126 /* * ,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 127 - 139 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 140 - 152 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 153 - 165 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 166 - 178 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 179 - 191 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 192 - 204 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 205 - 217 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 218 - 230 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 231 - 243 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9 // Decimal 244 - 255 */ }; /** The 64 valid Base64 values. */ // private final static byte[] ALPHABET; /* * Host platform me be something funny like EBCDIC, so we hardcode these values. */ private final static byte[] _STANDARD_ALPHABET = { (byte)'A', (byte)'B', (byte)'C', (byte)'D', (byte)'E', (byte)'F', (byte)'G', (byte)'H', (byte)'I', (byte)'J', (byte)'K', (byte)'L', (byte)'M', (byte)'N', (byte)'O', (byte)'P', (byte)'Q', (byte)'R', (byte)'S', (byte)'T', (byte)'U', (byte)'V', (byte)'W', (byte)'X', (byte)'Y', (byte)'Z', (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', (byte)'d', (byte)'e', (byte)'f', (byte)'g', (byte)'h', (byte)'i', (byte)'j', (byte)'k', (byte)'l', (byte)'m', (byte)'n', (byte)'o', (byte)'p', (byte)'q', (byte)'r', (byte)'s', (byte)'t', (byte)'u', (byte)'v', (byte)'w', (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', (byte)'0', (byte)'1', (byte)'2', (byte)'3', (byte)'4', (byte)'5', (byte)'6', (byte)'7', (byte)'8', (byte)'9', (byte)'+', (byte)'/' }; /** * Translates a Base64 value to either its 6-bit reconstruction value or a * negative number indicating some other meaning. **/ private final static byte[] _STANDARD_DECODABET = { -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 0 - 8 -5, -5, // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed -9, -9, // Decimal 11 - 12 -5, // Whitespace: Carriage Return -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 14 - 26 -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 27 - 31 -5, // Whitespace: Space -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 33 - 42 62, // Plus sign at decimal 43 -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 44 - 46 63, // Slash at decimal 47 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // Numbers zero through nine -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 58 - 60 -1, // Equals sign at decimal 61 -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 62 - 64 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, // Letters 'A' through 'N' 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // Letters 'O' through 'Z' -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 91 - 96 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, // Letters 'a' through // 'm' 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // Letters 'n' through // 'z' -9, -9, -9, -9 // Decimal 123 - 126 /* * ,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 127 - 139 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 140 - 152 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 153 - 165 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 166 - 178 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 179 - 191 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 192 - 204 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 205 - 217 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 218 - 230 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 231 - 243 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9 // Decimal 244 - 255 */ }; /** * Used in the URL- and Filename-safe dialect described in Section 4 of * RFC3548: <a * href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html">http://www.faqs.org * /rfcs/rfc3548.html</a>. Notice that the last two bytes become "hyphen" and * "underscore" instead of "plus" and "slash." */ final static byte[] _URL_SAFE_ALPHABET = { (byte)'A', (byte)'B', (byte)'C', (byte)'D', (byte)'E', (byte)'F', (byte)'G', (byte)'H', (byte)'I', (byte)'J', (byte)'K', (byte)'L', (byte)'M', (byte)'N', (byte)'O', (byte)'P', (byte)'Q', (byte)'R', (byte)'S', (byte)'T', (byte)'U', (byte)'V', (byte)'W', (byte)'X', (byte)'Y', (byte)'Z', (byte)'a', (byte)'b', (byte)'c', (byte)'d', (byte)'e', (byte)'f', (byte)'g', (byte)'h', (byte)'i', (byte)'j', (byte)'k', (byte)'l', (byte)'m', (byte)'n', (byte)'o', (byte)'p', (byte)'q', (byte)'r', (byte)'s', (byte)'t', (byte)'u', (byte)'v', (byte)'w', (byte)'x', (byte)'y', (byte)'z', (byte)'0', (byte)'1', (byte)'2', (byte)'3', (byte)'4', (byte)'5', (byte)'6', (byte)'7', (byte)'8', (byte)'9', (byte)'-', (byte)'_' }; /* P R I V A T E Q I E L D S */ /** * Used in decoding URL- and Filename-safe dialects of Base64. */ private final static byte[] _URL_SAFE_DECODABET = { -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 0 - 8 -5, -5, // Whitespace: Tab and Linefeed -9, -9, // Decimal 11 - 12 -5, // Whitespace: Carriage Return -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 14 - 26 -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 27 - 31 -5, // Whitespace: Space -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 33 - 42 -9, // Plus sign at decimal 43 -9, // Decimal 44 62, // Minus sign at decimal 45 -9, // Decimal 46 -9, // Slash at decimal 47 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // Numbers zero through nine -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 58 - 60 -1, // Equals sign at decimal 61 -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 62 - 64 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, // Letters 'A' through 'N' 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // Letters 'O' through 'Z' -9, -9, -9, -9, // Decimal 91 - 94 63, // Underscore at decimal 95 -9, // Decimal 96 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, // Letters 'a' through // 'm' 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // Letters 'n' through // 'z' -9, -9, -9, -9 // Decimal 123 - 126 /* * ,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 127 - 139 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 140 - 152 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 153 - 165 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 166 - 178 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 179 - 191 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 192 - 204 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 205 - 217 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 218 - 230 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9, // Decimal 231 - 243 * -9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9,-9 // Decimal 244 - 255 */ }; /** Specify decoding. */ public final static int DECODE = 0; /** Don't break lines when encoding (violates strict Base64 specification) */ public final static int DONT_BREAK_LINES = 8; /** Specify encoding. */ public final static int ENCODE = 1; /** The equals sign (=) as a byte. */ private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN = (byte)'='; private final static byte EQUALS_SIGN_ENC = -1; // Indicates equals sign in // encoding /* S T A N D A R D B A S E 6 4 A L P H A B E T */ /** Specify that data should be gzip-compressed. */ public final static int GZIP = 2; /** Maximum line length (76) of Base64 output. */ final static int MAX_LINE_LENGTH = 76; /* U R L S A Q E B A S E 6 4 A L P H A B E T */ /** The new line character (\n) as a byte. */ private final static byte NEW_LINE = (byte)'\n'; /** No options specified. Value is zero. */ public final static int NO_OPTIONS = 0; /* O R D E R E D B A S E 6 4 A L P H A B E T */ /** * Encode using the special "ordered" dialect of Base64 described here: <a * href ="http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc-1940.html">http://www.faqs.org/qa/rfcc- * 1940. html</a>. */ public final static int ORDERED = 32; /** Preferred encoding. */ private final static String PREFERRED_ENCODING = "UTF-8"; /* D E T E R M I N E W H I C H A L H A B E T */ /** * Encode using Base64-like encoding that is URL- and Filename-safe as * described in Section 4 of RFC3548: <a * href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html" * >http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html</a>. It is important to note that * data encoded this way is <em>not</em> officially valid Base64, or at the * very least should not be called Base64 without also specifying that is was * encoded using the URL- and Filename-safe dialect. */ public final static int URL_SAFE = 16; // I think I end up not using the BAD_ENCODING indicator. // private final static byte BAD_ENCODING = -9; // Indicates error in encoding final static byte WHITE_SPACE_ENC = -5; // Indicates white space in // encoding /** * Very low-level access to decoding ASCII characters in the form of a byte * array. Does not support automatically gunzipping or any other "fancy" * features. * * @param source The Base64 encoded data * @param off The offset of where to begin decoding * @param len The length of characters to decode * @return decoded data * @since 1.3 */ public static byte[] decode(final byte[] source, final int off, final int len, final int options) { final byte[] DECODABET = getDecodabet(options); final int len34 = len * 3 / 4; final byte[] outBuff = new byte[len34]; // Upper limit on size of output int outBuffPosn = 0; final byte[] b4 = new byte[4]; int b4Posn = 0; int i = 0; byte sbiCrop = 0; byte sbiDecode = 0; for (i = off; i < off + len; i++) { sbiCrop = (byte)(source[i] & 0x7f); // Only the low seven bits sbiDecode = DECODABET[sbiCrop]; if (sbiDecode >= WHITE_SPACE_ENC) // White space, Equals sign or better { if (sbiDecode >= EQUALS_SIGN_ENC) { b4[b4Posn++] = sbiCrop; if (b4Posn > 3) { outBuffPosn += decode4to3(b4, 0, outBuff, outBuffPosn, options); b4Posn = 0; // If that was the equals sign, break out of 'for' loop if (sbiCrop == EQUALS_SIGN) { break; } } // end if: quartet built } // end if: equals sign or better } // end if: white space, equals sign or better else { System.err.println("Bad Base64 input character at " + i + ": " + source[i] + "(decimal)"); return null; } // end else: } // each input character final byte[] out = new byte[outBuffPosn]; System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, out, 0, outBuffPosn); return out; } // end decode /** * Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed * data and decompressing it. * * @param s the string to decode * @return the decoded data * @since 1.4 */ public static byte[] decode(final String s) { return decode(s, NO_OPTIONS); } /** * Decodes data from Base64 notation, automatically detecting gzip-compressed * data and decompressing it. * * @param s the string to decode * @param options encode options such as URL_SAFE * @return the decoded data * @since 1.4 */ public static byte[] decode(final String s, final int options) { byte[] bytes; try { bytes = s.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING); } // end try catch (final java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uee) { bytes = s.getBytes(); } // end catch // </change> // Decode bytes = decode(bytes, 0, bytes.length, options); // Check to see if it's gzip-compressed // GZIP Magic Two-Byte Number: 0x8b1f (35615) if (bytes != null && bytes.length >= 4) { final int head = bytes[0] & 0xff | bytes[1] << 8 & 0xff00; if (java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream.GZIP_MAGIC == head) { java.io.ByteArrayInputStream bais = null; java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream gzis = null; java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; final byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; int length = 0; try { baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream(); bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(bytes); gzis = new java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream(bais); while ((length = gzis.read(buffer)) >= 0) { baos.write(buffer, 0, length); } // end while: reading input // No error? Get new bytes. bytes = baos.toByteArray(); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { // Just return originally-decoded bytes } // end catch finally { try { baos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { gzis.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { bais.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally } // end if: gzipped } // end if: bytes.length >= 2 return bytes; } // end decode static int decode4to3(final byte[] source, final int srcOffset, final byte[] destination, final int destOffset) { final byte[] decodeabet = _STANDARD_DECODABET; if (source[srcOffset + 2] == EQUALS_SIGN) { final int outBuff = (decodeabet[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 16); return 1; } else if (source[srcOffset + 3] == EQUALS_SIGN) { final int outBuff = (decodeabet[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12 | (decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 16); destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 8); return 2; } else { try { final int outBuff = (decodeabet[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12 | (decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6 | decodeabet[source[srcOffset + 3]] & 0xFF; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >> 16); destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte)(outBuff >> 8); destination[destOffset + 2] = (byte)outBuff; return 3; } catch (final Exception e) { return -1; } } } /** * Decodes four bytes from array <var>source</var> and writes the resulting * bytes (up to three of them) to <var>destination</var>. The source and * destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by * specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method does * not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate * <var>srcOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>source</var> array or * <var>destOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>destination</var> array. This method * returns the actual number of bytes that were converted from the Base64 * encoding. * <p> * This is the lowest level of the decoding methods with all possible * parameters. * </p> * * @param source the array to convert * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins * @param destination the array to hold the conversion * @param destOffset the index where output will be put * @param options alphabet type is pulled from this (standard, url-safe, * ordered) * @return the number of decoded bytes converted * @since 1.3 */ static int decode4to3(final byte[] source, final int srcOffset, final byte[] destination, final int destOffset, final int options) { final byte[] DECODABET = getDecodabet(options); // Example: Dk== if (source[srcOffset + 2] == EQUALS_SIGN) { // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best. // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 ); final int outBuff = (DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 16); return 1; } // Example: DkL= else if (source[srcOffset + 3] == EQUALS_SIGN) { // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best. // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 ); final int outBuff = (DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12 | (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 16); destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte)(outBuff >>> 8); return 2; } // Example: DkLE else { try { // Two ways to do the same thing. Don't know which way I like best. // int outBuff = ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset ] ] << 24 ) >>> 6 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 1 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 12 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 2 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 18 ) // | ( ( DECODABET[ source[ srcOffset + 3 ] ] << 24 ) >>> 24 ); final int outBuff = (DECODABET[source[srcOffset]] & 0xFF) << 18 | (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]] & 0xFF) << 12 | (DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]] & 0xFF) << 6 | DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]] & 0xFF; destination[destOffset] = (byte)(outBuff >> 16); destination[destOffset + 1] = (byte)(outBuff >> 8); destination[destOffset + 2] = (byte)outBuff; return 3; } catch (final Exception e) { System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset] + ": " + DECODABET[source[srcOffset]]); System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 1] + ": " + DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 1]]); System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 2] + ": " + DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 2]]); System.out.println("" + source[srcOffset + 3] + ": " + DECODABET[source[srcOffset + 3]]); return -1; } // end catch } } // end decodeToBytes public static byte[] decodeBytesNoWrap(final byte[] source) { final byte[] DECODABET = _STANDARD_DECODABET; final int len = source.length; final int len34 = len * 3 / 4; final byte[] outBuff = new byte[len34]; int outBuffPosn = 0; final byte[] b4 = new byte[4]; int b4Posn = 0; int i = 0; byte sbiCrop = 0; byte sbiDecode = 0; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { sbiCrop = (byte)(source[i] & 0x7f); sbiDecode = DECODABET[sbiCrop]; if (sbiDecode >= EQUALS_SIGN_ENC) { b4[b4Posn++] = sbiCrop; if (b4Posn > 3) { outBuffPosn += decode4to3(b4, 0, outBuff, outBuffPosn); b4Posn = 0; if (sbiCrop == EQUALS_SIGN) { break; } } } else { return null; } } if (outBuffPosn == outBuff.length) { return outBuff; } else { final byte[] out = new byte[outBuffPosn]; System.arraycopy(outBuff, 0, out, 0, outBuffPosn); return out; } } public static byte[] decodeBytesNoWrap(final String text) { try { return decodeBytesNoWrap(text.getBytes("UTF-8")); } catch (final UnsupportedEncodingException e) { return null; } } /* E N C O D I N G M E T H O D S */ /** * Reads <tt>infile</tt> and decodes it to <tt>outfile</tt>. * * @param infile Input file * @param outfile Output file * @return true if the operation is successful * @since 2.2 */ public static boolean decodeFileToFile(final String infile, final String outfile) { boolean success = false; java.io.InputStream in = null; java.io.OutputStream out = null; try { in = new Base64InputStream( new java.io.BufferedInputStream(new java.io.FileInputStream(infile)), Base64.DECODE); out = new java.io.BufferedOutputStream(new java.io.FileOutputStream(outfile)); final byte[] buffer = new byte[65536]; // 64K int read = -1; while ((read = in.read(buffer)) >= 0) { out.write(buffer, 0, read); } // end while: through file success = true; } catch (final java.io.IOException exc) { exc.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { in.close(); } catch (final Exception exc) { } try { out.close(); } catch (final Exception exc) { } } // end finally return success; } // end decodeFileToFile /** * Convenience method for reading a base64-encoded file and decoding it. * * @param filename Filename for reading encoded data * @return decoded byte array or null if unsuccessful * @since 2.1 */ public static byte[] decodeFromFile(final String filename) { byte[] decodedData = null; Base64InputStream bis = null; try { // Set up some useful variables final java.io.File file = new java.io.File(filename); byte[] buffer = null; int length = 0; int numBytes = 0; // Check for size of file if (file.length() > Integer.MAX_VALUE) { System.err .println("File is too big for this convenience method (" + file.length() + " bytes)."); return null; } // end if: file too big for int index buffer = new byte[(int)file.length()]; // Open a stream bis = new Base64InputStream( new java.io.BufferedInputStream(new java.io.FileInputStream(file)), Base64.DECODE); // Read until done while ((numBytes = bis.read(buffer, length, 4096)) >= 0) { length += numBytes; } // Save in a variable to return decodedData = new byte[length]; System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, decodedData, 0, length); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { System.err.println("Error decoding from file " + filename); } // end catch: IOException finally { try { bis.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally return decodedData; } // end decodeFromFile /** * Convenience method for decoding data to a file. * * @param dataToDecode Base64-encoded data as a string * @param filename Filename for saving decoded data * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise * @since 2.1 */ public static boolean decodeToFile(final String dataToDecode, final String filename) { boolean success = false; Base64.OutputStream bos = null; try { bos = new Base64.OutputStream(new java.io.FileOutputStream(filename), Base64.DECODE); bos.write(dataToDecode.getBytes(PREFERRED_ENCODING)); success = true; } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { success = false; } // end catch: IOException finally { try { bos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally return success; } // end decodeToFile /** * Attempts to decode Base64 data and deserialize a Java Object within. * Returns <tt>null</tt> if there was an error. * * @param encodedObject The Base64 data to decode * @return The decoded and deserialized object * @since 1.5 */ public static Object decodeToObject(final String encodedObject) { // Decode and gunzip if necessary final byte[] objBytes = decode(encodedObject); java.io.ByteArrayInputStream bais = null; java.io.ObjectInputStream ois = null; Object obj = null; try { bais = new java.io.ByteArrayInputStream(objBytes); ois = new java.io.ObjectInputStream(bais); obj = ois.readObject(); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); obj = null; } // end catch catch (final java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); obj = null; } // end catch finally { try { bais.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { ois.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally return obj; } // end decodeObject public static String decodeToString(final String string) { final byte[] data = decode(string); return new String(data); } public static String encode(final String string) { return encodeBytes(string.getBytes()); } /** * Encodes up to the first three bytes of array <var>threeBytes</var> and * returns a four-byte array in Base64 notation. The actual number of * significant bytes in your array is given by <var>numSigBytes</var>. The * array <var>threeBytes</var> needs only be as big as <var>numSigBytes</var>. * Code can reuse a byte array by passing a four-byte array as <var>b4</var>. * * @param b4 A reusable byte array to reduce array instantiation * @param threeBytes the array to convert * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array * @return four byte array in Base64 notation. * @since 1.5.1 */ private static byte[] encode3to4(final byte[] b4, final byte[] threeBytes, final int numSigBytes, final int options) { encode3to4(threeBytes, 0, numSigBytes, b4, 0, options); return b4; } // end encode3to4 static byte[] encode3to4(final byte[] source, final int srcOffset, final int numSigBytes, final byte[] destination, final int destOffset) { final byte[] alhpabet = _STANDARD_ALPHABET; final int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? source[srcOffset] << 24 >>> 8 : 0) | (numSigBytes > 1 ? source[srcOffset + 1] << 24 >>> 16 : 0) | (numSigBytes > 2 ? source[srcOffset + 2] << 24 >>> 24 : 0); switch (numSigBytes) { case 3: destination[destOffset] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 6 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 3] = alhpabet[inBuff & 0x3f]; return destination; case 2: destination[destOffset] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 6 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN; return destination; case 1: destination[destOffset] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = alhpabet[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN; destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN; return destination; default: return destination; } } /** * <p> * Encodes up to three bytes of the array <var>source</var> and writes the * resulting four Base64 bytes to <var>destination</var>. The source and * destination arrays can be manipulated anywhere along their length by * specifying <var>srcOffset</var> and <var>destOffset</var>. This method does * not check to make sure your arrays are large enough to accomodate * <var>srcOffset</var> + 3 for the <var>source</var> array or * <var>destOffset</var> + 4 for the <var>destination</var> array. The actual * number of significant bytes in your array is given by * <var>numSigBytes</var>. * </p> * <p> * This is the lowest level of the encoding methods with all possible * parameters. * </p> * * @param source the array to convert * @param srcOffset the index where conversion begins * @param numSigBytes the number of significant bytes in your array * @param destination the array to hold the conversion * @param destOffset the index where output will be put * @return the <var>destination</var> array * @since 1.3 */ static byte[] encode3to4(final byte[] source, final int srcOffset, final int numSigBytes, final byte[] destination, final int destOffset, final int options) { final byte[] ALPHABET = getAlphabet(options); // 1 2 3 // 01234567890123456789012345678901 Bit position // --------000000001111111122222222 Array position from threeBytes // --------| || || || | Six bit groups to index ALPHABET // >>18 >>12 >> 6 >> 0 Right shift necessary // 0x3f 0x3f 0x3f Additional AND // Create buffer with zero-padding if there are only one or two // significant bytes passed in the array. // We have to shift left 24 in order to flush out the 1's that appear // when Java treats a value as negative that is cast from a byte to an int. final int inBuff = (numSigBytes > 0 ? source[srcOffset] << 24 >>> 8 : 0) | (numSigBytes > 1 ? source[srcOffset + 1] << 24 >>> 16 : 0) | (numSigBytes > 2 ? source[srcOffset + 2] << 24 >>> 24 : 0); switch (numSigBytes) { case 3: destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 6 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 3] = ALPHABET[inBuff & 0x3f]; return destination; case 2: destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 6 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN; return destination; case 1: destination[destOffset] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 18]; destination[destOffset + 1] = ALPHABET[inBuff >>> 12 & 0x3f]; destination[destOffset + 2] = EQUALS_SIGN; destination[destOffset + 3] = EQUALS_SIGN; return destination; default: return destination; } // end switch } // end encode3to4 /** * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data. * * @param source The data to convert * @since 1.4 */ public static String encodeBytes(final byte[] source) { return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, NO_OPTIONS); } // end encodeBytes /* D E C O D I N G M E T H O D S */ /** * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. * <p> * Valid options: * * <pre> * GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it. * DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters * <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i> * </pre> * <p> * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or * <p> * Example: * <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code> * * @param source The data to convert * @param options Specified options * @see Base64#GZIP * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES * @since 2.0 */ public static String encodeBytes(final byte[] source, final int options) { return encodeBytes(source, 0, source.length, options); } // end encodeBytes /** * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. Does not GZip-compress data. * * @param source The data to convert * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin * @param len Length of data to convert * @since 1.4 */ public static String encodeBytes(final byte[] source, final int off, final int len) { return encodeBytes(source, off, len, NO_OPTIONS); } // end encodeBytes /** * Encodes a byte array into Base64 notation. * <p> * Valid options: * * <pre> * GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it. * DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters * <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i> * </pre> * <p> * Example: <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP )</code> or * <p> * Example: * <code>encodeBytes( myData, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code> * * @param source The data to convert * @param off Offset in array where conversion should begin * @param len Length of data to convert * @param options Specified options * @param options alphabet type is pulled from this (standard, url-safe, * ordered) * @see Base64#GZIP * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES * @since 2.0 */ public static String encodeBytes(final byte[] source, final int off, final int len, final int options) { // Isolate options final int dontBreakLines = options & DONT_BREAK_LINES; final int gzip = options & GZIP; // Compress? if (gzip == GZIP) { java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos = null; Base64.OutputStream b64os = null; try { // GZip -> Base64 -> ByteArray baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream(); b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | options); gzos = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream(b64os); gzos.write(source, off, len); gzos.close(); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } // end catch finally { try { gzos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { b64os.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { baos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally // Return value according to relevant encoding. try { return new String(baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING); } // end try catch (final java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) { return new String(baos.toByteArray()); } // end catch } // end if: compress // Else, don't compress. Better not to use streams at all then. else { // Convert option to boolean in way that code likes it. final boolean breakLines = dontBreakLines == 0; final int len43 = len * 4 / 3; final byte[] outBuff = new byte[len43 // Main 4:3 + (len % 3 > 0 ? 4 : 0) // Account for padding + (breakLines ? len43 / MAX_LINE_LENGTH : 0)]; // NEW lines int d = 0; int e = 0; final int len2 = len - 2; int lineLength = 0; for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4) { encode3to4(source, d + off, 3, outBuff, e, options); lineLength += 4; if (breakLines && lineLength == MAX_LINE_LENGTH) { outBuff[e + 4] = NEW_LINE; e++; lineLength = 0; } // end if: end of line } // en dfor: each piece of array if (d < len) { encode3to4(source, d + off, len - d, outBuff, e, options); e += 4; } // end if: some padding needed // Return value according to relevant encoding. try { return new String(outBuff, 0, e, PREFERRED_ENCODING); } // end try catch (final java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) { return new String(outBuff, 0, e); } // end catch } // end else: don't compress } // end encodeBytes public static String encodeBytesNoWrap(final byte[] source) { final int len = source.length; final int len43 = len * 4 / 3; final byte[] outBuff = new byte[len43 + (len % 3 > 0 ? 4 : 0)]; int d = 0; int e = 0; final int len2 = len - 2; for (; d < len2; d += 3, e += 4) { encode3to4(source, d, 3, outBuff, e); } if (d < len) { encode3to4(source, d, len - d, outBuff, e); e += 4; } try { return new String(outBuff, 0, e, PREFERRED_ENCODING); } catch (final java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) { Exceptions.throwUncheckedException(uue); return null; } } /** * Reads <tt>infile</tt> and encodes it to <tt>outfile</tt>. * * @param infile Input file * @param outfile Output file * @return true if the operation is successful * @since 2.2 */ public static boolean encodeFileToFile(final String infile, final String outfile) { boolean success = false; java.io.InputStream in = null; java.io.OutputStream out = null; try { in = new Base64InputStream( new java.io.BufferedInputStream(new java.io.FileInputStream(infile)), Base64.ENCODE); out = new java.io.BufferedOutputStream(new java.io.FileOutputStream(outfile)); final byte[] buffer = new byte[65536]; // 64K int read = -1; while ((read = in.read(buffer)) >= 0) { out.write(buffer, 0, read); } // end while: through file success = true; } catch (final java.io.IOException exc) { exc.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { in.close(); } catch (final Exception exc) { } try { out.close(); } catch (final Exception exc) { } } // end finally return success; } // end encodeFileToFile /** * Convenience method for reading a binary file and base64-encoding it. * * @param filename Filename for reading binary data * @return base64-encoded string or null if unsuccessful * @since 2.1 */ public static String encodeFromFile(final String filename) { String encodedData = null; Base64InputStream bis = null; try { // Set up some useful variables final java.io.File file = new java.io.File(filename); final byte[] buffer = new byte[Math.max((int)(file.length() * 1.4), 40)]; // Need // max // () // for // math // on // small // files // ( // v2.2 // .1) int length = 0; int numBytes = 0; // Open a stream bis = new Base64InputStream( new java.io.BufferedInputStream(new java.io.FileInputStream(file)), Base64.ENCODE); // Read until done while ((numBytes = bis.read(buffer, length, 4096)) >= 0) { length += numBytes; } // Save in a variable to return encodedData = new String(buffer, 0, length, Base64.PREFERRED_ENCODING); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { System.err.println("Error encoding from file " + filename); } // end catch: IOException finally { try { bis.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally return encodedData; } // end encodeFromFile /** * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that * serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another * error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>. The object is not * GZip-compressed before being encoded. * * @param serializableObject The object to encode * @return The Base64-encoded object * @since 1.4 */ public static String encodeObject(final java.io.Serializable serializableObject) { return encodeObject(serializableObject, NO_OPTIONS); } // end encodeObject /** * Serializes an object and returns the Base64-encoded version of that * serialized object. If the object cannot be serialized or there is another * error, the method will return <tt>null</tt>. * <p> * Valid options: * * <pre> * GZIP: gzip-compresses object before encoding it. * DONT_BREAK_LINES: don't break lines at 76 characters * <i>Note: Technically, this makes your encoding non-compliant.</i> * </pre> * <p> * Example: <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP )</code> or * <p> * Example: * <code>encodeObject( myObj, Base64.GZIP | Base64.DONT_BREAK_LINES )</code> * * @param serializableObject The object to encode * @param options Specified options * @return The Base64-encoded object * @see Base64#GZIP * @see Base64#DONT_BREAK_LINES * @since 2.0 */ public static String encodeObject(final java.io.Serializable serializableObject, final int options) { // Streams java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; java.io.OutputStream b64os = null; java.io.ObjectOutputStream oos = null; java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream gzos = null; // Isolate options final int gzip = options & GZIP; try { // ObjectOutputStream -> (GZIP) -> Base64 -> ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream(); b64os = new Base64.OutputStream(baos, ENCODE | options); // GZip? if (gzip == GZIP) { gzos = new java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream(b64os); oos = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream(gzos); } // end if: gzip else { oos = new java.io.ObjectOutputStream(b64os); } oos.writeObject(serializableObject); } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } // end catch finally { try { oos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { gzos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { b64os.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } try { baos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally // Return value according to relevant encoding. try { return new String(baos.toByteArray(), PREFERRED_ENCODING); } // end try catch (final java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException uue) { return new String(baos.toByteArray()); } // end catch } // end encode /** * Convenience method for encoding data to a file. * * @param dataToEncode byte array of data to encode in base64 form * @param filename Filename for saving encoded data * @return <tt>true</tt> if successful, <tt>false</tt> otherwise * @since 2.1 */ public static boolean encodeToFile(final byte[] dataToEncode, final String filename) { boolean success = false; Base64.OutputStream bos = null; try { bos = new Base64.OutputStream(new java.io.FileOutputStream(filename), Base64.ENCODE); bos.write(dataToEncode); success = true; } // end try catch (final java.io.IOException e) { success = false; } // end catch: IOException finally { try { bos.close(); } catch (final Exception e) { } } // end finally return success; } // end encodeToFile /** * Returns one of the _SOMETHING_ALPHABET byte arrays depending on the options * specified. It's possible, though silly, to specify ORDERED and URLSAFE in * which case one of them will be picked, though there is no guarantee as to * which one will be picked. */ final static byte[] getAlphabet(final int options) { if ((options & URL_SAFE) == URL_SAFE) { return _URL_SAFE_ALPHABET; } else if ((options & ORDERED) == ORDERED) { return _ORDERED_ALPHABET; } else { return _STANDARD_ALPHABET; } } // end getAlphabet /** * Returns one of the _SOMETHING_DECODABET byte arrays depending on the * options specified. It's possible, though silly, to specify ORDERED and * URL_SAFE in which case one of them will be picked, though there is no * guarantee as to which one will be picked. */ final static byte[] getDecodabet(final int options) { if ((options & URL_SAFE) == URL_SAFE) { return _URL_SAFE_DECODABET; } else if ((options & ORDERED) == ORDERED) { return _ORDERED_DECODABET; } else { return _STANDARD_DECODABET; } } // end getAlphabet /** * Encodes or decodes two files from the command line; <strong>feel free to * delete this method (in fact you probably should) if you're embedding this * code into a larger program.</strong> */ public final static void main(final String[] args) { if (args.length < 3) { usage("Not enough arguments."); } // end if: args.length < 3 else { final String flag = args[0]; final String infile = args[1]; final String outfile = args[2]; if (flag.equals("-e")) { Base64.encodeFileToFile(infile, outfile); } // end if: encode else if (flag.equals("-d")) { Base64.decodeFileToFile(infile, outfile); } // end else if: decode else { usage("Unknown flag: " + flag); } // end else } // end else } // end main /* I N N E R C L A S S I N P U T S T R E A M */ /** * Prints command line usage. * * @param msg A message to include with usage info. */ private final static void usage(final String msg) { System.err.println(msg); System.err.println("Usage: java Base64 -e|-d inputfile outputfile"); } // end usage /* I N N E R C L A S S O U T P U T S T R E A M */ /** Defeats instantiation. */ private Base64() { } } // end class Base64