/*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*
* GainRatioAttributeEval.java
* Copyright (C) 1999-2012 University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
*
*/
package weka.attributeSelection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Vector;
import weka.core.Capabilities;
import weka.core.Capabilities.Capability;
import weka.core.ContingencyTables;
import weka.core.Instance;
import weka.core.Instances;
import weka.core.Option;
import weka.core.OptionHandler;
import weka.core.RevisionUtils;
import weka.core.Utils;
import weka.filters.Filter;
import weka.filters.supervised.attribute.Discretize;
/**
* <!-- globalinfo-start --> GainRatioAttributeEval :<br/>
* <br/>
* Evaluates the worth of an attribute by measuring the gain ratio with respect
* to the class.<br/>
* <br/>
* GainR(Class, Attribute) = (H(Class) - H(Class | Attribute)) / H(Attribute).<br/>
* <p/>
* <!-- globalinfo-end -->
*
* <!-- options-start --> Valid options are:
* <p/>
*
* <pre>
* -M
* treat missing values as a seperate value.
* </pre>
*
* <!-- options-end -->
*
* @author Mark Hall (mhall@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
* @version $Revision: 9690 $
* @see Discretize
*/
public class GainRatioAttributeEval extends ASEvaluation implements
AttributeEvaluator, OptionHandler {
/** for serialization */
static final long serialVersionUID = -8504656625598579926L;
/** The training instances */
private Instances m_trainInstances;
/** The class index */
private int m_classIndex;
/** The number of attributes */
private int m_numAttribs;
/** The number of instances */
private int m_numInstances;
/** The number of classes */
private int m_numClasses;
/** Merge missing values */
private boolean m_missing_merge;
/**
* Returns a string describing this attribute evaluator
*
* @return a description of the evaluator suitable for displaying in the
* explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String globalInfo() {
return "GainRatioAttributeEval :\n\nEvaluates the worth of an attribute "
+ "by measuring the gain ratio with respect to the class.\n\n"
+ "GainR(Class, Attribute) = (H(Class) - H(Class | Attribute)) / "
+ "H(Attribute).\n";
}
/**
* Constructor
*/
public GainRatioAttributeEval() {
resetOptions();
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration describing the available options.
*
* @return an enumeration of all the available options.
**/
@Override
public Enumeration listOptions() {
Vector newVector = new Vector(1);
newVector.addElement(new Option("\ttreat missing values as a seperate "
+ "value.", "M", 0, "-M"));
return newVector.elements();
}
/**
* Parses a given list of options.
* <p/>
*
* <!-- options-start --> Valid options are:
* <p/>
*
* <pre>
* -M
* treat missing values as a seperate value.
* </pre>
*
* <!-- options-end -->
*
* @param options the list of options as an array of strings
* @throws Exception if an option is not supported
**/
@Override
public void setOptions(String[] options) throws Exception {
resetOptions();
setMissingMerge(!(Utils.getFlag('M', options)));
}
/**
* Returns the tip text for this property
*
* @return tip text for this property suitable for displaying in the
* explorer/experimenter gui
*/
public String missingMergeTipText() {
return "Distribute counts for missing values. Counts are distributed "
+ "across other values in proportion to their frequency. Otherwise, "
+ "missing is treated as a separate value.";
}
/**
* distribute the counts for missing values across observed values
*
* @param b true=distribute missing values.
*/
public void setMissingMerge(boolean b) {
m_missing_merge = b;
}
/**
* get whether missing values are being distributed or not
*
* @return true if missing values are being distributed.
*/
public boolean getMissingMerge() {
return m_missing_merge;
}
/**
* Gets the current settings of WrapperSubsetEval.
*
* @return an array of strings suitable for passing to setOptions()
*/
@Override
public String[] getOptions() {
String[] options = new String[1];
int current = 0;
if (!getMissingMerge()) {
options[current++] = "-M";
}
while (current < options.length) {
options[current++] = "";
}
return options;
}
/**
* Returns the capabilities of this evaluator.
*
* @return the capabilities of this evaluator
* @see Capabilities
*/
@Override
public Capabilities getCapabilities() {
Capabilities result = super.getCapabilities();
result.disableAll();
// attributes
result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_ATTRIBUTES);
result.enable(Capability.NUMERIC_ATTRIBUTES);
result.enable(Capability.DATE_ATTRIBUTES);
result.enable(Capability.MISSING_VALUES);
// class
result.enable(Capability.NOMINAL_CLASS);
result.enable(Capability.MISSING_CLASS_VALUES);
return result;
}
/**
* Initializes a gain ratio attribute evaluator. Discretizes all attributes
* that are numeric.
*
* @param data set of instances serving as training data
* @throws Exception if the evaluator has not been generated successfully
*/
@Override
public void buildEvaluator(Instances data) throws Exception {
// can evaluator handle data?
getCapabilities().testWithFail(data);
m_trainInstances = data;
m_classIndex = m_trainInstances.classIndex();
m_numAttribs = m_trainInstances.numAttributes();
m_numInstances = m_trainInstances.numInstances();
Discretize disTransform = new Discretize();
disTransform.setUseBetterEncoding(true);
disTransform.setInputFormat(m_trainInstances);
m_trainInstances = Filter.useFilter(m_trainInstances, disTransform);
m_numClasses = m_trainInstances.attribute(m_classIndex).numValues();
}
/**
* reset options to default values
*/
protected void resetOptions() {
m_trainInstances = null;
m_missing_merge = true;
}
/**
* evaluates an individual attribute by measuring the gain ratio of the class
* given the attribute.
*
* @param attribute the index of the attribute to be evaluated
* @return the gain ratio
* @throws Exception if the attribute could not be evaluated
*/
@Override
public double evaluateAttribute(int attribute) throws Exception {
int i, j, ii, jj;
int ni, nj;
double sum = 0.0;
ni = m_trainInstances.attribute(attribute).numValues() + 1;
nj = m_numClasses + 1;
double[] sumi, sumj;
Instance inst;
double temp = 0.0;
sumi = new double[ni];
sumj = new double[nj];
double[][] counts = new double[ni][nj];
sumi = new double[ni];
sumj = new double[nj];
for (i = 0; i < ni; i++) {
sumi[i] = 0.0;
for (j = 0; j < nj; j++) {
sumj[j] = 0.0;
counts[i][j] = 0.0;
}
}
// Fill the contingency table
for (i = 0; i < m_numInstances; i++) {
inst = m_trainInstances.instance(i);
if (inst.isMissing(attribute)) {
ii = ni - 1;
} else {
ii = (int) inst.value(attribute);
}
if (inst.isMissing(m_classIndex)) {
jj = nj - 1;
} else {
jj = (int) inst.value(m_classIndex);
}
counts[ii][jj] += inst.weight();
}
// get the row totals
for (i = 0; i < ni; i++) {
sumi[i] = 0.0;
for (j = 0; j < nj; j++) {
sumi[i] += counts[i][j];
sum += counts[i][j];
}
}
// get the column totals
for (j = 0; j < nj; j++) {
sumj[j] = 0.0;
for (i = 0; i < ni; i++) {
sumj[j] += counts[i][j];
}
}
// distribute missing counts
if (m_missing_merge && (sumi[ni - 1] < sum)
&& (sumj[nj - 1] < sum)) {
double[] i_copy = new double[sumi.length];
double[] j_copy = new double[sumj.length];
double[][] counts_copy = new double[sumi.length][sumj.length];
for (i = 0; i < ni; i++) {
System.arraycopy(counts[i], 0, counts_copy[i], 0, sumj.length);
}
System.arraycopy(sumi, 0, i_copy, 0, sumi.length);
System.arraycopy(sumj, 0, j_copy, 0, sumj.length);
double total_missing = (sumi[ni - 1] + sumj[nj - 1] - counts[ni - 1][nj - 1]);
// do the missing i's
if (sumi[ni - 1] > 0.0) {
for (j = 0; j < nj - 1; j++) {
if (counts[ni - 1][j] > 0.0) {
for (i = 0; i < ni - 1; i++) {
temp = ((i_copy[i] / (sum - i_copy[ni - 1])) * counts[ni - 1][j]);
counts[i][j] += temp;
sumi[i] += temp;
}
counts[ni - 1][j] = 0.0;
}
}
}
sumi[ni - 1] = 0.0;
// do the missing j's
if (sumj[nj - 1] > 0.0) {
for (i = 0; i < ni - 1; i++) {
if (counts[i][nj - 1] > 0.0) {
for (j = 0; j < nj - 1; j++) {
temp = ((j_copy[j] / (sum - j_copy[nj - 1])) * counts[i][nj - 1]);
counts[i][j] += temp;
sumj[j] += temp;
}
counts[i][nj - 1] = 0.0;
}
}
}
sumj[nj - 1] = 0.0;
// do the both missing
if (counts[ni - 1][nj - 1] > 0.0 && total_missing < sum) {
for (i = 0; i < ni - 1; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < nj - 1; j++) {
temp = (counts_copy[i][j] / (sum - total_missing))
* counts_copy[ni - 1][nj - 1];
counts[i][j] += temp;
sumi[i] += temp;
sumj[j] += temp;
}
}
counts[ni - 1][nj - 1] = 0.0;
}
}
return ContingencyTables.gainRatio(counts);
}
/**
* Return a description of the evaluator
*
* @return description as a string
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
if (m_trainInstances == null) {
text.append("\tGain Ratio evaluator has not been built");
} else {
text.append("\tGain Ratio feature evaluator");
if (!m_missing_merge) {
text.append("\n\tMissing values treated as seperate");
}
}
text.append("\n");
return text.toString();
}
/**
* Returns the revision string.
*
* @return the revision
*/
@Override
public String getRevision() {
return RevisionUtils.extract("$Revision: 9690 $");
}
/**
* Main method.
*
* @param args the options -t training file
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
runEvaluator(new GainRatioAttributeEval(), args);
}
}