package org.apache.lucene.util;
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/** A PriorityQueue maintains a partial ordering of its elements such that the
* least element can always be found in constant time. Put()'s and pop()'s
* require log(size) time.
*
* <p><b>NOTE</b>: This class pre-allocates a full array of
* length <code>maxSize+1</code>, in {@link #initialize}.
*
* @lucene.internal
*/
public abstract class PriorityQueue<T> {
private int size;
private int maxSize;
protected T[] heap;
/** Determines the ordering of objects in this priority queue. Subclasses
must define this one method. */
protected abstract boolean lessThan(T a, T b);
/**
* This method can be overridden by extending classes to return a sentinel
* object which will be used by {@link #initialize(int)} to fill the queue, so
* that the code which uses that queue can always assume it's full and only
* change the top without attempting to insert any new object.<br>
*
* Those sentinel values should always compare worse than any non-sentinel
* value (i.e., {@link #lessThan} should always favor the
* non-sentinel values).<br>
*
* By default, this method returns false, which means the queue will not be
* filled with sentinel values. Otherwise, the value returned will be used to
* pre-populate the queue. Adds sentinel values to the queue.<br>
*
* If this method is extended to return a non-null value, then the following
* usage pattern is recommended:
*
* <pre>
* // extends getSentinelObject() to return a non-null value.
* PriorityQueue<MyObject> pq = new MyQueue<MyObject>(numHits);
* // save the 'top' element, which is guaranteed to not be null.
* MyObject pqTop = pq.top();
* <...>
* // now in order to add a new element, which is 'better' than top (after
* // you've verified it is better), it is as simple as:
* pqTop.change().
* pqTop = pq.updateTop();
* </pre>
*
* <b>NOTE:</b> if this method returns a non-null value, it will be called by
* {@link #initialize(int)} {@link #size()} times, relying on a new object to
* be returned and will not check if it's null again. Therefore you should
* ensure any call to this method creates a new instance and behaves
* consistently, e.g., it cannot return null if it previously returned
* non-null.
*
* @return the sentinel object to use to pre-populate the queue, or null if
* sentinel objects are not supported.
*/
protected T getSentinelObject() {
return null;
}
/** Subclass constructors must call this. */
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected final void initialize(int maxSize) {
size = 0;
int heapSize;
if (0 == maxSize)
// We allocate 1 extra to avoid if statement in top()
heapSize = 2;
else {
if (maxSize == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
// Don't wrap heapSize to -1, in this case, which
// causes a confusing NegativeArraySizeException.
// Note that very likely this will simply then hit
// an OOME, but at least that's more indicative to
// caller that this values is too big. We don't +1
// in this case, but it's very unlikely in practice
// one will actually insert this many objects into
// the PQ:
heapSize = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
} else {
// NOTE: we add +1 because all access to heap is
// 1-based not 0-based. heap[0] is unused.
heapSize = maxSize + 1;
}
}
heap = (T[]) new Object[heapSize]; // T is unbounded type, so this unchecked cast works always
this.maxSize = maxSize;
// If sentinel objects are supported, populate the queue with them
T sentinel = getSentinelObject();
if (sentinel != null) {
heap[1] = sentinel;
for (int i = 2; i < heap.length; i++) {
heap[i] = getSentinelObject();
}
size = maxSize;
}
}
/**
* Adds an Object to a PriorityQueue in log(size) time. If one tries to add
* more objects than maxSize from initialize an
* {@link ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException} is thrown.
*
* @return the new 'top' element in the queue.
*/
public final T add(T element) {
size++;
heap[size] = element;
upHeap();
return heap[1];
}
/**
* Adds an Object to a PriorityQueue in log(size) time.
* It returns the object (if any) that was
* dropped off the heap because it was full. This can be
* the given parameter (in case it is smaller than the
* full heap's minimum, and couldn't be added), or another
* object that was previously the smallest value in the
* heap and now has been replaced by a larger one, or null
* if the queue wasn't yet full with maxSize elements.
*/
public T insertWithOverflow(T element) {
if (size < maxSize) {
add(element);
return null;
} else if (size > 0 && !lessThan(element, heap[1])) {
T ret = heap[1];
heap[1] = element;
updateTop();
return ret;
} else {
return element;
}
}
/** Returns the least element of the PriorityQueue in constant time. */
public final T top() {
// We don't need to check size here: if maxSize is 0,
// then heap is length 2 array with both entries null.
// If size is 0 then heap[1] is already null.
return heap[1];
}
/** Removes and returns the least element of the PriorityQueue in log(size)
time. */
public final T pop() {
if (size > 0) {
T result = heap[1]; // save first value
heap[1] = heap[size]; // move last to first
heap[size] = null; // permit GC of objects
size--;
downHeap(); // adjust heap
return result;
} else
return null;
}
/**
* Should be called when the Object at top changes values. Still log(n) worst
* case, but it's at least twice as fast to
*
* <pre>
* pq.top().change();
* pq.updateTop();
* </pre>
*
* instead of
*
* <pre>
* o = pq.pop();
* o.change();
* pq.push(o);
* </pre>
*
* @return the new 'top' element.
*/
public final T updateTop() {
downHeap();
return heap[1];
}
/** Returns the number of elements currently stored in the PriorityQueue. */
public final int size() {
return size;
}
/** Removes all entries from the PriorityQueue. */
public final void clear() {
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
heap[i] = null;
}
size = 0;
}
private final void upHeap() {
int i = size;
T node = heap[i]; // save bottom node
int j = i >>> 1;
while (j > 0 && lessThan(node, heap[j])) {
heap[i] = heap[j]; // shift parents down
i = j;
j = j >>> 1;
}
heap[i] = node; // install saved node
}
private final void downHeap() {
int i = 1;
T node = heap[i]; // save top node
int j = i << 1; // find smaller child
int k = j + 1;
if (k <= size && lessThan(heap[k], heap[j])) {
j = k;
}
while (j <= size && lessThan(heap[j], node)) {
heap[i] = heap[j]; // shift up child
i = j;
j = i << 1;
k = j + 1;
if (k <= size && lessThan(heap[k], heap[j])) {
j = k;
}
}
heap[i] = node; // install saved node
}
}