/*
* Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package android.util;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Writes a JSON (<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">RFC 4627</a>)
* encoded value to a stream, one token at a time. The stream includes both
* literal values (strings, numbers, booleans and nulls) as well as the begin
* and end delimiters of objects and arrays.
*
* <h3>Encoding JSON</h3>
* To encode your data as JSON, create a new {@code JsonWriter}. Each JSON
* document must contain one top-level array or object. Call methods on the
* writer as you walk the structure's contents, nesting arrays and objects as
* necessary:
* <ul>
* <li>To write <strong>arrays</strong>, first call {@link #beginArray()}.
* Write each of the array's elements with the appropriate {@link #value}
* methods or by nesting other arrays and objects. Finally close the array
* using {@link #endArray()}.
* <li>To write <strong>objects</strong>, first call {@link #beginObject()}.
* Write each of the object's properties by alternating calls to
* {@link #name} with the property's value. Write property values with the
* appropriate {@link #value} method or by nesting other objects or arrays.
* Finally close the object using {@link #endObject()}.
* </ul>
*
* <h3>Example</h3>
* Suppose we'd like to encode a stream of messages such as the following: <pre> {@code
* [
* {
* "id": 912345678901,
* "text": "How do I write JSON on Android?",
* "geo": null,
* "user": {
* "name": "android_newb",
* "followers_count": 41
* }
* },
* {
* "id": 912345678902,
* "text": "@android_newb just use android.util.JsonWriter!",
* "geo": [50.454722, -104.606667],
* "user": {
* "name": "jesse",
* "followers_count": 2
* }
* }
* ]}</pre>
* This code encodes the above structure: <pre> {@code
* public void writeJsonStream(OutputStream out, List<Message> messages) throws IOException {
* JsonWriter writer = new JsonWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out, "UTF-8"));
* writer.setIndent(" ");
* writeMessagesArray(writer, messages);
* writer.close();
* }
*
* public void writeMessagesArray(JsonWriter writer, List<Message> messages) throws IOException {
* writer.beginArray();
* for (Message message : messages) {
* writeMessage(writer, message);
* }
* writer.endArray();
* }
*
* public void writeMessage(JsonWriter writer, Message message) throws IOException {
* writer.beginObject();
* writer.name("id").value(message.getId());
* writer.name("text").value(message.getText());
* if (message.getGeo() != null) {
* writer.name("geo");
* writeDoublesArray(writer, message.getGeo());
* } else {
* writer.name("geo").nullValue();
* }
* writer.name("user");
* writeUser(writer, message.getUser());
* writer.endObject();
* }
*
* public void writeUser(JsonWriter writer, User user) throws IOException {
* writer.beginObject();
* writer.name("name").value(user.getName());
* writer.name("followers_count").value(user.getFollowersCount());
* writer.endObject();
* }
*
* public void writeDoublesArray(JsonWriter writer, List<Double> doubles) throws IOException {
* writer.beginArray();
* for (Double value : doubles) {
* writer.value(value);
* }
* writer.endArray();
* }}</pre>
*
* <p>Each {@code JsonWriter} may be used to write a single JSON stream.
* Instances of this class are not thread safe. Calls that would result in a
* malformed JSON string will fail with an {@link IllegalStateException}.
*/
public final class JsonWriter implements Closeable {
/** The output data, containing at most one top-level array or object. */
private final Writer out;
private final List<JsonScope> stack = new ArrayList<JsonScope>();
{
stack.add(JsonScope.EMPTY_DOCUMENT);
}
/**
* A string containing a full set of spaces for a single level of
* indentation, or null for no pretty printing.
*/
private String indent;
/**
* The name/value separator; either ":" or ": ".
*/
private String separator = ":";
private boolean lenient;
/**
* Creates a new instance that writes a JSON-encoded stream to {@code out}.
* For best performance, ensure {@link Writer} is buffered; wrapping in
* {@link java.io.BufferedWriter BufferedWriter} if necessary.
*/
public JsonWriter(Writer out) {
if (out == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("out == null");
}
this.out = out;
}
/**
* Sets the indentation string to be repeated for each level of indentation
* in the encoded document. If {@code indent.isEmpty()} the encoded document
* will be compact. Otherwise the encoded document will be more
* human-readable.
*
* @param indent a string containing only whitespace.
*/
public void setIndent(String indent) {
if (indent.isEmpty()) {
this.indent = null;
this.separator = ":";
} else {
this.indent = indent;
this.separator = ": ";
}
}
/**
* Configure this writer to relax its syntax rules. By default, this writer
* only emits well-formed JSON as specified by <a
* href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt">RFC 4627</a>. Setting the writer
* to lenient permits the following:
* <ul>
* <li>Top-level values of any type. With strict writing, the top-level
* value must be an object or an array.
* <li>Numbers may be {@link Double#isNaN() NaNs} or {@link
* Double#isInfinite() infinities}.
* </ul>
*/
public void setLenient(boolean lenient) {
this.lenient = lenient;
}
/**
* Returns true if this writer has relaxed syntax rules.
*/
public boolean isLenient() {
return lenient;
}
/**
* Begins encoding a new array. Each call to this method must be paired with
* a call to {@link #endArray}.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter beginArray() throws IOException {
return open(JsonScope.EMPTY_ARRAY, "[");
}
/**
* Ends encoding the current array.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter endArray() throws IOException {
return close(JsonScope.EMPTY_ARRAY, JsonScope.NONEMPTY_ARRAY, "]");
}
/**
* Begins encoding a new object. Each call to this method must be paired
* with a call to {@link #endObject}.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter beginObject() throws IOException {
return open(JsonScope.EMPTY_OBJECT, "{");
}
/**
* Ends encoding the current object.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter endObject() throws IOException {
return close(JsonScope.EMPTY_OBJECT, JsonScope.NONEMPTY_OBJECT, "}");
}
/**
* Enters a new scope by appending any necessary whitespace and the given
* bracket.
*/
private JsonWriter open(JsonScope empty, String openBracket) throws IOException {
beforeValue(true);
stack.add(empty);
out.write(openBracket);
return this;
}
/**
* Closes the current scope by appending any necessary whitespace and the
* given bracket.
*/
private JsonWriter close(JsonScope empty, JsonScope nonempty, String closeBracket)
throws IOException {
JsonScope context = peek();
if (context != nonempty && context != empty) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Nesting problem: " + stack);
}
stack.remove(stack.size() - 1);
if (context == nonempty) {
newline();
}
out.write(closeBracket);
return this;
}
/**
* Returns the value on the top of the stack.
*/
private JsonScope peek() {
return stack.get(stack.size() - 1);
}
/**
* Replace the value on the top of the stack with the given value.
*/
private void replaceTop(JsonScope topOfStack) {
stack.set(stack.size() - 1, topOfStack);
}
/**
* Encodes the property name.
*
* @param name the name of the forthcoming value. May not be null.
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter name(String name) throws IOException {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name == null");
}
beforeName();
string(name);
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code value}.
*
* @param value the literal string value, or null to encode a null literal.
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter value(String value) throws IOException {
if (value == null) {
return nullValue();
}
beforeValue(false);
string(value);
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code null}.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter nullValue() throws IOException {
beforeValue(false);
out.write("null");
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code value}.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter value(boolean value) throws IOException {
beforeValue(false);
out.write(value ? "true" : "false");
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code value}.
*
* @param value a finite value. May not be {@link Double#isNaN() NaNs} or
* {@link Double#isInfinite() infinities} unless this writer is lenient.
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter value(double value) throws IOException {
if (!lenient && (Double.isNaN(value) || Double.isInfinite(value))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Numeric values must be finite, but was " + value);
}
beforeValue(false);
out.append(Double.toString(value));
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code value}.
*
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter value(long value) throws IOException {
beforeValue(false);
out.write(Long.toString(value));
return this;
}
/**
* Encodes {@code value}.
*
* @param value a finite value. May not be {@link Double#isNaN() NaNs} or
* {@link Double#isInfinite() infinities} unless this writer is lenient.
* @return this writer.
*/
public JsonWriter value(Number value) throws IOException {
if (value == null) {
return nullValue();
}
String string = value.toString();
if (!lenient &&
(string.equals("-Infinity") || string.equals("Infinity") || string.equals("NaN"))) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Numeric values must be finite, but was " + value);
}
beforeValue(false);
out.append(string);
return this;
}
/**
* Ensures all buffered data is written to the underlying {@link Writer}
* and flushes that writer.
*/
public void flush() throws IOException {
out.flush();
}
/**
* Flushes and closes this writer and the underlying {@link Writer}.
*
* @throws IOException if the JSON document is incomplete.
*/
public void close() throws IOException {
out.close();
if (peek() != JsonScope.NONEMPTY_DOCUMENT) {
throw new IOException("Incomplete document");
}
}
private void string(String value) throws IOException {
out.write("\"");
for (int i = 0, length = value.length(); i < length; i++) {
char c = value.charAt(i);
/*
* From RFC 4627, "All Unicode characters may be placed within the
* quotation marks except for the characters that must be escaped:
* quotation mark, reverse solidus, and the control characters
* (U+0000 through U+001F)."
*
* We also escape '\u2028' and '\u2029', which JavaScript interprets
* as newline characters. This prevents eval() from failing with a
* syntax error.
* http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/issues/detail?id=341
*/
switch (c) {
case '"':
case '\\':
out.write('\\');
out.write(c);
break;
case '\t':
out.write("\\t");
break;
case '\b':
out.write("\\b");
break;
case '\n':
out.write("\\n");
break;
case '\r':
out.write("\\r");
break;
case '\f':
out.write("\\f");
break;
case '\u2028':
case '\u2029':
out.write(String.format("\\u%04x", (int) c));
break;
default:
if (c <= 0x1F) {
out.write(String.format("\\u%04x", (int) c));
} else {
out.write(c);
}
break;
}
}
out.write("\"");
}
private void newline() throws IOException {
if (indent == null) {
return;
}
out.write("\n");
for (int i = 1; i < stack.size(); i++) {
out.write(indent);
}
}
/**
* Inserts any necessary separators and whitespace before a name. Also
* adjusts the stack to expect the name's value.
*/
private void beforeName() throws IOException {
JsonScope context = peek();
if (context == JsonScope.NONEMPTY_OBJECT) { // first in object
out.write(',');
} else if (context != JsonScope.EMPTY_OBJECT) { // not in an object!
throw new IllegalStateException("Nesting problem: " + stack);
}
newline();
replaceTop(JsonScope.DANGLING_NAME);
}
/**
* Inserts any necessary separators and whitespace before a literal value,
* inline array, or inline object. Also adjusts the stack to expect either a
* closing bracket or another element.
*
* @param root true if the value is a new array or object, the two values
* permitted as top-level elements.
*/
private void beforeValue(boolean root) throws IOException {
switch (peek()) {
case EMPTY_DOCUMENT: // first in document
if (!lenient && !root) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"JSON must start with an array or an object.");
}
replaceTop(JsonScope.NONEMPTY_DOCUMENT);
break;
case EMPTY_ARRAY: // first in array
replaceTop(JsonScope.NONEMPTY_ARRAY);
newline();
break;
case NONEMPTY_ARRAY: // another in array
out.append(',');
newline();
break;
case DANGLING_NAME: // value for name
out.append(separator);
replaceTop(JsonScope.NONEMPTY_OBJECT);
break;
case NONEMPTY_DOCUMENT:
throw new IllegalStateException(
"JSON must have only one top-level value.");
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Nesting problem: " + stack);
}
}
}