/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.lang3.text;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils;
/**
* <p>Operations on Strings that contain words.</p>
*
* <p>This class tries to handle <code>null</code> input gracefully.
* An exception will not be thrown for a <code>null</code> input.
* Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
*
* @since 2.0
* @version $Id: WordUtils.java 1199894 2011-11-09 17:53:59Z ggregory $
*/
public class WordUtils {
/**
* <p><code>WordUtils</code> instances should NOT be constructed in
* standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as
* <code>WordUtils.wrap("foo bar", 20);</code>.</p>
*
* <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
* instance to operate.</p>
*/
public WordUtils() {
super();
}
// Wrapping
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Wraps a single line of text, identifying words by <code>' '</code>.</p>
*
* <p>New lines will be separated by the system property line separator.
* Very long words, such as URLs will <i>not</i> be wrapped.</p>
*
* <p>Leading spaces on a new line are stripped.
* Trailing spaces are not stripped.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.wrap(null, *) = null
* WordUtils.wrap("", *) = ""
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to be word wrapped, may be null
* @param wrapLength the column to wrap the words at, less than 1 is treated as 1
* @return a line with newlines inserted, <code>null</code> if null input
*/
public static String wrap(String str, int wrapLength) {
return wrap(str, wrapLength, null, false);
}
/**
* <p>Wraps a single line of text, identifying words by <code>' '</code>.</p>
*
* <p>Leading spaces on a new line are stripped.
* Trailing spaces are not stripped.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.wrap(null, *, *, *) = null
* WordUtils.wrap("", *, *, *) = ""
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to be word wrapped, may be null
* @param wrapLength the column to wrap the words at, less than 1 is treated as 1
* @param newLineStr the string to insert for a new line,
* <code>null</code> uses the system property line separator
* @param wrapLongWords true if long words (such as URLs) should be wrapped
* @return a line with newlines inserted, <code>null</code> if null input
*/
public static String wrap(String str, int wrapLength, String newLineStr, boolean wrapLongWords) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (newLineStr == null) {
newLineStr = SystemUtils.LINE_SEPARATOR;
}
if (wrapLength < 1) {
wrapLength = 1;
}
int inputLineLength = str.length();
int offset = 0;
StringBuilder wrappedLine = new StringBuilder(inputLineLength + 32);
while (inputLineLength - offset > wrapLength) {
if (str.charAt(offset) == ' ') {
offset++;
continue;
}
int spaceToWrapAt = str.lastIndexOf(' ', wrapLength + offset);
if (spaceToWrapAt >= offset) {
// normal case
wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, spaceToWrapAt));
wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
offset = spaceToWrapAt + 1;
} else {
// really long word or URL
if (wrapLongWords) {
// wrap really long word one line at a time
wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, wrapLength + offset));
wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
offset += wrapLength;
} else {
// do not wrap really long word, just extend beyond limit
spaceToWrapAt = str.indexOf(' ', wrapLength + offset);
if (spaceToWrapAt >= 0) {
wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset, spaceToWrapAt));
wrappedLine.append(newLineStr);
offset = spaceToWrapAt + 1;
} else {
wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset));
offset = inputLineLength;
}
}
}
}
// Whatever is left in line is short enough to just pass through
wrappedLine.append(str.substring(offset));
return wrappedLine.toString();
}
// Capitalizing
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Capitalizes all the whitespace separated words in a String.
* Only the first letter of each word is changed. To convert the
* rest of each word to lowercase at the same time,
* use {@link #capitalizeFully(String)}.</p>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
* Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
* upper case.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.capitalize(null) = null
* WordUtils.capitalize("") = ""
* WordUtils.capitalize("i am FINE") = "I Am FINE"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #uncapitalize(String)
* @see #capitalizeFully(String)
*/
public static String capitalize(String str) {
return capitalize(str, null);
}
/**
* <p>Capitalizes all the delimiter separated words in a String.
* Only the first letter of each word is changed. To convert the
* rest of each word to lowercase at the same time,
* use {@link #capitalizeFully(String, char[])}.</p>
*
* <p>The delimiters represent a set of characters understood to separate words.
* The first string character and the first non-delimiter character after a
* delimiter will be capitalized. </p>
*
* <p>A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
* Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
* upper case.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.capitalize(null, *) = null
* WordUtils.capitalize("", *) = ""
* WordUtils.capitalize(*, new char[0]) = *
* WordUtils.capitalize("i am fine", null) = "I Am Fine"
* WordUtils.capitalize("i aM.fine", {'.'}) = "I aM.Fine"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @param delimiters set of characters to determine capitalization, null means whitespace
* @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #uncapitalize(String)
* @see #capitalizeFully(String)
* @since 2.1
*/
public static String capitalize(String str, char... delimiters) {
int delimLen = delimiters == null ? -1 : delimiters.length;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || delimLen == 0) {
return str;
}
char[] buffer = str.toCharArray();
boolean capitalizeNext = true;
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
char ch = buffer[i];
if (isDelimiter(ch, delimiters)) {
capitalizeNext = true;
} else if (capitalizeNext) {
buffer[i] = Character.toTitleCase(ch);
capitalizeNext = false;
}
}
return new String(buffer);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Converts all the whitespace separated words in a String into capitalized words,
* that is each word is made up of a titlecase character and then a series of
* lowercase characters. </p>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
* Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
* upper case.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully(null) = null
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully("") = ""
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully("i am FINE") = "I Am Fine"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
*/
public static String capitalizeFully(String str) {
return capitalizeFully(str, null);
}
/**
* <p>Converts all the delimiter separated words in a String into capitalized words,
* that is each word is made up of a titlecase character and then a series of
* lowercase characters. </p>
*
* <p>The delimiters represent a set of characters understood to separate words.
* The first string character and the first non-delimiter character after a
* delimiter will be capitalized. </p>
*
* <p>A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
* Capitalization uses the Unicode title case, normally equivalent to
* upper case.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully(null, *) = null
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully("", *) = ""
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully(*, null) = *
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully(*, new char[0]) = *
* WordUtils.capitalizeFully("i aM.fine", {'.'}) = "I am.Fine"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @param delimiters set of characters to determine capitalization, null means whitespace
* @return capitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @since 2.1
*/
public static String capitalizeFully(String str, char... delimiters) {
int delimLen = delimiters == null ? -1 : delimiters.length;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || delimLen == 0) {
return str;
}
str = str.toLowerCase();
return capitalize(str, delimiters);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Uncapitalizes all the whitespace separated words in a String.
* Only the first letter of each word is changed.</p>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.uncapitalize(null) = null
* WordUtils.uncapitalize("") = ""
* WordUtils.uncapitalize("I Am FINE") = "i am fINE"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to uncapitalize, may be null
* @return uncapitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #capitalize(String)
*/
public static String uncapitalize(String str) {
return uncapitalize(str, null);
}
/**
* <p>Uncapitalizes all the whitespace separated words in a String.
* Only the first letter of each word is changed.</p>
*
* <p>The delimiters represent a set of characters understood to separate words.
* The first string character and the first non-delimiter character after a
* delimiter will be uncapitalized. </p>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.uncapitalize(null, *) = null
* WordUtils.uncapitalize("", *) = ""
* WordUtils.uncapitalize(*, null) = *
* WordUtils.uncapitalize(*, new char[0]) = *
* WordUtils.uncapitalize("I AM.FINE", {'.'}) = "i AM.fINE"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to uncapitalize, may be null
* @param delimiters set of characters to determine uncapitalization, null means whitespace
* @return uncapitalized String, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #capitalize(String)
* @since 2.1
*/
public static String uncapitalize(String str, char... delimiters) {
int delimLen = delimiters == null ? -1 : delimiters.length;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str) || delimLen == 0) {
return str;
}
char[] buffer = str.toCharArray();
boolean uncapitalizeNext = true;
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
char ch = buffer[i];
if (isDelimiter(ch, delimiters)) {
uncapitalizeNext = true;
} else if (uncapitalizeNext) {
buffer[i] = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
uncapitalizeNext = false;
}
}
return new String(buffer);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Swaps the case of a String using a word based algorithm.</p>
*
* <ul>
* <li>Upper case character converts to Lower case</li>
* <li>Title case character converts to Lower case</li>
* <li>Lower case character after Whitespace or at start converts to Title case</li>
* <li>Other Lower case character converts to Upper case</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.</p>
*
* <pre>
* StringUtils.swapCase(null) = null
* StringUtils.swapCase("") = ""
* StringUtils.swapCase("The dog has a BONE") = "tHE DOG HAS A bone"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to swap case, may be null
* @return the changed String, <code>null</code> if null String input
*/
public static String swapCase(String str) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
char[] buffer = str.toCharArray();
boolean whitespace = true;
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
char ch = buffer[i];
if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
buffer[i] = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
whitespace = false;
} else if (Character.isTitleCase(ch)) {
buffer[i] = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
whitespace = false;
} else if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
if (whitespace) {
buffer[i] = Character.toTitleCase(ch);
whitespace = false;
} else {
buffer[i] = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
}
} else {
whitespace = Character.isWhitespace(ch);
}
}
return new String(buffer);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* <p>Extracts the initial letters from each word in the String.</p>
*
* <p>The first letter of the string and all first letters after
* whitespace are returned as a new string.
* Their case is not changed.</p>
*
* <p>Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.initials(null) = null
* WordUtils.initials("") = ""
* WordUtils.initials("Ben John Lee") = "BJL"
* WordUtils.initials("Ben J.Lee") = "BJ"
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to get initials from, may be null
* @return String of initial letters, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #initials(String,char[])
* @since 2.2
*/
public static String initials(String str) {
return initials(str, null);
}
/**
* <p>Extracts the initial letters from each word in the String.</p>
*
* <p>The first letter of the string and all first letters after the
* defined delimiters are returned as a new string.
* Their case is not changed.</p>
*
* <p>If the delimiters array is null, then Whitespace is used.
* Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
* A <code>null</code> input String returns <code>null</code>.
* An empty delimiter array returns an empty String.</p>
*
* <pre>
* WordUtils.initials(null, *) = null
* WordUtils.initials("", *) = ""
* WordUtils.initials("Ben John Lee", null) = "BJL"
* WordUtils.initials("Ben J.Lee", null) = "BJ"
* WordUtils.initials("Ben J.Lee", [' ','.']) = "BJL"
* WordUtils.initials(*, new char[0]) = ""
* </pre>
*
* @param str the String to get initials from, may be null
* @param delimiters set of characters to determine words, null means whitespace
* @return String of initial letters, <code>null</code> if null String input
* @see #initials(String)
* @since 2.2
*/
public static String initials(String str, char... delimiters) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
if (delimiters != null && delimiters.length == 0) {
return "";
}
int strLen = str.length();
char[] buf = new char[strLen / 2 + 1];
int count = 0;
boolean lastWasGap = true;
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (isDelimiter(ch, delimiters)) {
lastWasGap = true;
} else if (lastWasGap) {
buf[count++] = ch;
lastWasGap = false;
} else {
continue; // ignore ch
}
}
return new String(buf, 0, count);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Is the character a delimiter.
*
* @param ch the character to check
* @param delimiters the delimiters
* @return true if it is a delimiter
*/
private static boolean isDelimiter(char ch, char[] delimiters) {
if (delimiters == null) {
return Character.isWhitespace(ch);
}
for (char delimiter : delimiters) {
if (ch == delimiter) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}