/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.apache.commons.lang3.builder; import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils; import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair; /** * <p>Assists in implementing {@link Object#equals(Object)} methods.</p> * * <p> This class provides methods to build a good equals method for any * class. It follows rules laid out in * <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/effective/index.html">Effective Java</a> * , by Joshua Bloch. In particular the rule for comparing <code>doubles</code>, * <code>floats</code>, and arrays can be tricky. Also, making sure that * <code>equals()</code> and <code>hashCode()</code> are consistent can be * difficult.</p> * * <p>Two Objects that compare as equals must generate the same hash code, * but two Objects with the same hash code do not have to be equal.</p> * * <p>All relevant fields should be included in the calculation of equals. * Derived fields may be ignored. In particular, any field used in * generating a hash code must be used in the equals method, and vice * versa.</p> * * <p>Typical use for the code is as follows:</p> * <pre> * public boolean equals(Object obj) { * if (obj == null) { return false; } * if (obj == this) { return true; } * if (obj.getClass() != getClass()) { * return false; * } * MyClass rhs = (MyClass) obj; * return new EqualsBuilder() * .appendSuper(super.equals(obj)) * .append(field1, rhs.field1) * .append(field2, rhs.field2) * .append(field3, rhs.field3) * .isEquals(); * } * </pre> * * <p> Alternatively, there is a method that uses reflection to determine * the fields to test. Because these fields are usually private, the method, * <code>reflectionEquals</code>, uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to * change the visibility of the fields. This will fail under a security * manager, unless the appropriate permissions are set up correctly. It is * also slower than testing explicitly.</p> * * <p> A typical invocation for this method would look like:</p> * <pre> * public boolean equals(Object obj) { * return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this, obj); * } * </pre> * * @since 1.0 * @version $Id: EqualsBuilder.java 1091531 2011-04-12 18:29:49Z ggregory $ */ public class EqualsBuilder implements Builder<Boolean> { /** * <p> * A registry of objects used by reflection methods to detect cyclical object references and avoid infinite loops. * </p> * * @since 3.0 */ private static final ThreadLocal<Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>>> REGISTRY = new ThreadLocal<Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>>>(); /* * NOTE: we cannot store the actual objects in a HashSet, as that would use the very hashCode() * we are in the process of calculating. * * So we generate a one-to-one mapping from the original object to a new object. * * Now HashSet uses equals() to determine if two elements with the same hashcode really * are equal, so we also need to ensure that the replacement objects are only equal * if the original objects are identical. * * The original implementation (2.4 and before) used the System.indentityHashCode() * method - however this is not guaranteed to generate unique ids (e.g. LANG-459) * * We now use the IDKey helper class (adapted from org.apache.axis.utils.IDKey) * to disambiguate the duplicate ids. */ /** * <p> * Returns the registry of object pairs being traversed by the reflection * methods in the current thread. * </p> * * @return Set the registry of objects being traversed * @since 3.0 */ static Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>> getRegistry() { return REGISTRY.get(); } /** * <p> * Converters value pair into a register pair. * </p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object * @param rhs the other object * * @return the pair */ static Pair<IDKey, IDKey> getRegisterPair(Object lhs, Object rhs) { IDKey left = new IDKey(lhs); IDKey right = new IDKey(rhs); return Pair.of(left, right); } /** * <p> * Returns <code>true</code> if the registry contains the given object pair. * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * Objects might be swapped therefore a check is needed if the object pair * is registered in given or swapped order. * </p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object to lookup in registry * @param rhs the other object to lookup on registry * @return boolean <code>true</code> if the registry contains the given object. * @since 3.0 */ static boolean isRegistered(Object lhs, Object rhs) { Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>> registry = getRegistry(); Pair<IDKey, IDKey> pair = getRegisterPair(lhs, rhs); Pair<IDKey, IDKey> swappedPair = Pair.of(pair.getLeft(), pair.getRight()); return registry != null && (registry.contains(pair) || registry.contains(swappedPair)); } /** * <p> * Registers the given object pair. * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * </p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object to register * @param rhs the other object to register */ static void register(Object lhs, Object rhs) { synchronized (EqualsBuilder.class) { if (getRegistry() == null) { REGISTRY.set(new HashSet<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>>()); } } Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>> registry = getRegistry(); Pair<IDKey, IDKey> pair = getRegisterPair(lhs, rhs); registry.add(pair); } /** * <p> * Unregisters the given object pair. * </p> * * <p> * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object to unregister * @param rhs the other object to unregister * @since 3.0 */ static void unregister(Object lhs, Object rhs) { Set<Pair<IDKey, IDKey>> registry = getRegistry(); if (registry != null) { Pair<IDKey, IDKey> pair = getRegisterPair(lhs, rhs); registry.remove(pair); synchronized (EqualsBuilder.class) { //read again registry = getRegistry(); if (registry != null && registry.isEmpty()) { REGISTRY.remove(); } } } } /** * If the fields tested are equals. * The default value is <code>true</code>. */ private boolean isEquals = true; /** * <p>Constructor for EqualsBuilder.</p> * * <p>Starts off assuming that equals is <code>true</code>.</p> * @see Object#equals(Object) */ public EqualsBuilder() { // do nothing for now. } //------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p>This method uses reflection to determine if the two <code>Object</code>s * are equal.</p> * * <p>It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private * fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under * a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also * not as efficient as testing explicitly.</p> * * <p>Transient members will be not be tested, as they are likely derived * fields, and not part of the value of the Object.</p> * * <p>Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included.</p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object * @param rhs the other object * @param excludeFields Collection of String field names to exclude from testing * @return <code>true</code> if the two Objects have tested equals. */ public static boolean reflectionEquals(Object lhs, Object rhs, Collection<String> excludeFields) { return reflectionEquals(lhs, rhs, ReflectionToStringBuilder.toNoNullStringArray(excludeFields)); } /** * <p>This method uses reflection to determine if the two <code>Object</code>s * are equal.</p> * * <p>It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private * fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under * a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also * not as efficient as testing explicitly.</p> * * <p>Transient members will be not be tested, as they are likely derived * fields, and not part of the value of the Object.</p> * * <p>Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included.</p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object * @param rhs the other object * @param excludeFields array of field names to exclude from testing * @return <code>true</code> if the two Objects have tested equals. */ public static boolean reflectionEquals(Object lhs, Object rhs, String... excludeFields) { return reflectionEquals(lhs, rhs, false, null, excludeFields); } /** * <p>This method uses reflection to determine if the two <code>Object</code>s * are equal.</p> * * <p>It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private * fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under * a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also * not as efficient as testing explicitly.</p> * * <p>If the TestTransients parameter is set to <code>true</code>, transient * members will be tested, otherwise they are ignored, as they are likely * derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>.</p> * * <p>Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included.</p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object * @param rhs the other object * @param testTransients whether to include transient fields * @return <code>true</code> if the two Objects have tested equals. */ public static boolean reflectionEquals(Object lhs, Object rhs, boolean testTransients) { return reflectionEquals(lhs, rhs, testTransients, null); } /** * <p>This method uses reflection to determine if the two <code>Object</code>s * are equal.</p> * * <p>It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private * fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under * a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also * not as efficient as testing explicitly.</p> * * <p>If the testTransients parameter is set to <code>true</code>, transient * members will be tested, otherwise they are ignored, as they are likely * derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>.</p> * * <p>Static fields will not be included. Superclass fields will be appended * up to and including the specified superclass. A null superclass is treated * as java.lang.Object.</p> * * @param lhs <code>this</code> object * @param rhs the other object * @param testTransients whether to include transient fields * @param reflectUpToClass the superclass to reflect up to (inclusive), * may be <code>null</code> * @param excludeFields array of field names to exclude from testing * @return <code>true</code> if the two Objects have tested equals. * @since 2.0 */ public static boolean reflectionEquals(Object lhs, Object rhs, boolean testTransients, Class<?> reflectUpToClass, String... excludeFields) { if (lhs == rhs) { return true; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { return false; } // Find the leaf class since there may be transients in the leaf // class or in classes between the leaf and root. // If we are not testing transients or a subclass has no ivars, // then a subclass can test equals to a superclass. Class<?> lhsClass = lhs.getClass(); Class<?> rhsClass = rhs.getClass(); Class<?> testClass; if (lhsClass.isInstance(rhs)) { testClass = lhsClass; if (!rhsClass.isInstance(lhs)) { // rhsClass is a subclass of lhsClass testClass = rhsClass; } } else if (rhsClass.isInstance(lhs)) { testClass = rhsClass; if (!lhsClass.isInstance(rhs)) { // lhsClass is a subclass of rhsClass testClass = lhsClass; } } else { // The two classes are not related. return false; } EqualsBuilder equalsBuilder = new EqualsBuilder(); try { reflectionAppend(lhs, rhs, testClass, equalsBuilder, testTransients, excludeFields); while (testClass.getSuperclass() != null && testClass != reflectUpToClass) { testClass = testClass.getSuperclass(); reflectionAppend(lhs, rhs, testClass, equalsBuilder, testTransients, excludeFields); } } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { // In this case, we tried to test a subclass vs. a superclass and // the subclass has ivars or the ivars are transient and // we are testing transients. // If a subclass has ivars that we are trying to test them, we get an // exception and we know that the objects are not equal. return false; } return equalsBuilder.isEquals(); } /** * <p>Appends the fields and values defined by the given object of the * given Class.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand object * @param rhs the right hand object * @param clazz the class to append details of * @param builder the builder to append to * @param useTransients whether to test transient fields * @param excludeFields array of field names to exclude from testing */ private static void reflectionAppend( Object lhs, Object rhs, Class<?> clazz, EqualsBuilder builder, boolean useTransients, String[] excludeFields) { if (isRegistered(lhs, rhs)) { return; } try { register(lhs, rhs); Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields(); AccessibleObject.setAccessible(fields, true); for (int i = 0; i < fields.length && builder.isEquals; i++) { Field f = fields[i]; if (!ArrayUtils.contains(excludeFields, f.getName()) && (f.getName().indexOf('$') == -1) && (useTransients || !Modifier.isTransient(f.getModifiers())) && (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers()))) { try { builder.append(f.get(lhs), f.get(rhs)); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { //this can't happen. Would get a Security exception instead //throw a runtime exception in case the impossible happens. throw new InternalError("Unexpected IllegalAccessException"); } } } } finally { unregister(lhs, rhs); } } //------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p>Adds the result of <code>super.equals()</code> to this builder.</p> * * @param superEquals the result of calling <code>super.equals()</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. * @since 2.0 */ public EqualsBuilder appendSuper(boolean superEquals) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = superEquals; return this; } //------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p>Test if two <code>Object</code>s are equal using their * <code>equals</code> method.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand object * @param rhs the right hand object * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(Object lhs, Object rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } Class<?> lhsClass = lhs.getClass(); if (!lhsClass.isArray()) { // The simple case, not an array, just test the element isEquals = lhs.equals(rhs); } else if (lhs.getClass() != rhs.getClass()) { // Here when we compare different dimensions, for example: a boolean[][] to a boolean[] this.setEquals(false); } // 'Switch' on type of array, to dispatch to the correct handler // This handles multi dimensional arrays of the same depth else if (lhs instanceof long[]) { append((long[]) lhs, (long[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof int[]) { append((int[]) lhs, (int[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof short[]) { append((short[]) lhs, (short[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof char[]) { append((char[]) lhs, (char[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof byte[]) { append((byte[]) lhs, (byte[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof double[]) { append((double[]) lhs, (double[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof float[]) { append((float[]) lhs, (float[]) rhs); } else if (lhs instanceof boolean[]) { append((boolean[]) lhs, (boolean[]) rhs); } else { // Not an array of primitives append((Object[]) lhs, (Object[]) rhs); } return this; } /** * <p> * Test if two <code>long</code> s are equal. * </p> * * @param lhs * the left hand <code>long</code> * @param rhs * the right hand <code>long</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(long lhs, long rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Test if two <code>int</code>s are equal.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>int</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>int</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(int lhs, int rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Test if two <code>short</code>s are equal.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>short</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>short</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(short lhs, short rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Test if two <code>char</code>s are equal.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>char</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>char</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(char lhs, char rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Test if two <code>byte</code>s are equal.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>byte</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>byte</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(byte lhs, byte rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Test if two <code>double</code>s are equal by testing that the * pattern of bits returned by <code>doubleToLong</code> are equal.</p> * * <p>This handles NaNs, Infinities, and <code>-0.0</code>.</p> * * <p>It is compatible with the hash code generated by * <code>HashCodeBuilder</code>.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>double</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>double</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(double lhs, double rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } return append(Double.doubleToLongBits(lhs), Double.doubleToLongBits(rhs)); } /** * <p>Test if two <code>float</code>s are equal byt testing that the * pattern of bits returned by doubleToLong are equal.</p> * * <p>This handles NaNs, Infinities, and <code>-0.0</code>.</p> * * <p>It is compatible with the hash code generated by * <code>HashCodeBuilder</code>.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>float</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>float</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(float lhs, float rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } return append(Float.floatToIntBits(lhs), Float.floatToIntBits(rhs)); } /** * <p>Test if two <code>booleans</code>s are equal.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>boolean</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>boolean</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(boolean lhs, boolean rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } isEquals = (lhs == rhs); return this; } /** * <p>Performs a deep comparison of two <code>Object</code> arrays.</p> * * <p>This also will be called for the top level of * multi-dimensional, ragged, and multi-typed arrays.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>Object[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>Object[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(Object[] lhs, Object[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>long</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(long, long)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>long[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>long[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(long[] lhs, long[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>int</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(int, int)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>int[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>int[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(int[] lhs, int[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>short</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(short, short)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>short[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>short[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(short[] lhs, short[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>char</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(char, char)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>char[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>char[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(char[] lhs, char[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>byte</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(byte, byte)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>byte[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>byte[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(byte[] lhs, byte[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>double</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(double, double)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>double[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>double[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(double[] lhs, double[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>float</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(float, float)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>float[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>float[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(float[] lhs, float[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Deep comparison of array of <code>boolean</code>. Length and all * values are compared.</p> * * <p>The method {@link #append(boolean, boolean)} is used.</p> * * @param lhs the left hand <code>boolean[]</code> * @param rhs the right hand <code>boolean[]</code> * @return EqualsBuilder - used to chain calls. */ public EqualsBuilder append(boolean[] lhs, boolean[] rhs) { if (isEquals == false) { return this; } if (lhs == rhs) { return this; } if (lhs == null || rhs == null) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } if (lhs.length != rhs.length) { this.setEquals(false); return this; } for (int i = 0; i < lhs.length && isEquals; ++i) { append(lhs[i], rhs[i]); } return this; } /** * <p>Returns <code>true</code> if the fields that have been checked * are all equal.</p> * * @return boolean */ public boolean isEquals() { return this.isEquals; } /** * <p>Returns <code>true</code> if the fields that have been checked * are all equal.</p> * * @return <code>true</code> if all of the fields that have been checked * are equal, <code>false</code> otherwise. * * @since 3.0 */ public Boolean build() { return Boolean.valueOf(isEquals()); } /** * Sets the <code>isEquals</code> value. * * @param isEquals The value to set. * @since 2.1 */ protected void setEquals(boolean isEquals) { this.isEquals = isEquals; } /** * Reset the EqualsBuilder so you can use the same object again * @since 2.5 */ public void reset() { this.isEquals = true; } }