ASTNode.java

/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2000, 2011 IBM Corporation and others.
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
 *
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
 *     Matt McCutchen - partial fix for https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=122995
 *     Karen Moore - fix for https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=207411
 *     Stephan Herrmann <stephan@cs.tu-berlin.de> - Contribution for bug 185682 - Increment/decrement operators mark local variables as read
 *******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ast;

import org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler.CharOperation;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.classfmt.ClassFileConstants;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.env.AccessRestriction;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.lookup.*;
import org.eclipse.jdt.internal.compiler.ASTVisitor;

public abstract class ASTNode implements TypeConstants, TypeIds {

	public int sourceStart, sourceEnd;

	// storage for internal flags (32 bits)				BIT USAGE
	public final static int Bit1 = 0x1;					// return type (operator) | name reference kind (name ref) | add assertion (type decl) | useful empty statement (empty statement)
	public final static int Bit2 = 0x2;					// return type (operator) | name reference kind (name ref) | has local type (type, method, field decl)
	public final static int Bit3 = 0x4;					// return type (operator) | name reference kind (name ref) | implicit this (this ref) | locals (isArgument)
	public final static int Bit4 = 0x8;					// return type (operator) | first assignment to local (name ref,local decl) | undocumented empty block (block, type and method decl)
	public final static int Bit5 = 0x10;					// value for return (expression) | has all method bodies (unit) | supertype ref (type ref) | resolved (field decl)
	public final static int Bit6 = 0x20;					// depth (name ref, msg) | ignore need cast check (cast expression) | error in signature (method declaration/ initializer) | is recovered (annotation reference)
	public final static int Bit7 = 0x40;					// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | need runtime checkcast (cast expression) | label used (labelStatement) | needFreeReturn (AbstractMethodDeclaration)
	public final static int Bit8 = 0x80;					// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | unsafe cast (cast expression) | is default constructor (constructor declaration) | isElseStatementUnreachable (if statement)
	public final static int Bit9 = 0x100;				// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | is local type (type decl) | isThenStatementUnreachable (if statement) | can be static
	public final static int Bit10= 0x200;				// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | is anonymous type (type decl)
	public final static int Bit11 = 0x400;				// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | is member type (type decl)
	public final static int Bit12 = 0x800;				// depth (name ref, msg) | operator (operator) | has abstract methods (type decl)
	public final static int Bit13 = 0x1000;			// depth (name ref, msg) | is secondary type (type decl)
	public final static int Bit14 = 0x2000;			// strictly assigned (reference lhs) | discard enclosing instance (explicit constr call) | hasBeenGenerated (type decl)
	public final static int Bit15 = 0x4000;			// is unnecessary cast (expression) | is varargs (type ref) | isSubRoutineEscaping (try statement) | superAccess (javadoc allocation expression/javadoc message send/javadoc return statement)
	public final static int Bit16 = 0x8000;			// in javadoc comment (name ref, type ref, msg)
	public final static int Bit17 = 0x10000;			// compound assigned (reference lhs) | unchecked (msg, alloc, explicit constr call)
	public final static int Bit18 = 0x20000;			// non null (expression) | onDemand (import reference)
	public final static int Bit19 = 0x40000;			// didResolve (parameterized qualified type ref/parameterized single type ref)  | empty (javadoc return statement) | needReceiverGenericCast (msg/fieldref)
	public final static int Bit20 = 0x80000;			// contains syntax errors (method declaration, type declaration, field declarations, initializer)
	public final static int Bit21 = 0x100000;
	public final static int Bit22 = 0x200000;			// parenthesis count (expression) | used (import reference)
	public final static int Bit23 = 0x400000;			// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit24 = 0x800000;			// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit25 = 0x1000000;		// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit26 = 0x2000000;		// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit27 = 0x4000000;		// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit28 = 0x8000000;		// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit29 = 0x10000000;		// parenthesis count (expression)
	public final static int Bit30 = 0x20000000;		// elseif (if statement) | try block exit (try statement) | fall-through (case statement) | ignore no effect assign (expression ref) | needScope (for statement) | isAnySubRoutineEscaping (return statement) | blockExit (synchronized statement)
	public final static int Bit31 = 0x40000000;		// local declaration reachable (local decl) | ignore raw type check (type ref) | discard entire assignment (assignment) | isSynchronized (return statement) | thenExit (if statement)
	public final static int Bit32 = 0x80000000;		// reachable (statement)

	public final static long Bit32L = 0x80000000L;
	public final static long Bit33L = 0x100000000L;
	public final static long Bit34L = 0x200000000L;
	public final static long Bit35L = 0x400000000L;
	public final static long Bit36L = 0x800000000L;
	public final static long Bit37L = 0x1000000000L;
	public final static long Bit38L = 0x2000000000L;
	public final static long Bit39L = 0x4000000000L;
	public final static long Bit40L = 0x8000000000L;
	public final static long Bit41L = 0x10000000000L;
	public final static long Bit42L = 0x20000000000L;
	public final static long Bit43L = 0x40000000000L;
	public final static long Bit44L = 0x80000000000L;
	public final static long Bit45L = 0x100000000000L;
	public final static long Bit46L = 0x200000000000L;
	public final static long Bit47L = 0x400000000000L;
	public final static long Bit48L = 0x800000000000L;
	public final static long Bit49L = 0x1000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit50L = 0x2000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit51L = 0x4000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit52L = 0x8000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit53L = 0x10000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit54L = 0x20000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit55L = 0x40000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit56L = 0x80000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit57L = 0x100000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit58L = 0x200000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit59L = 0x400000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit60L = 0x800000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit61L = 0x1000000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit62L = 0x2000000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit63L = 0x4000000000000000L;
	public final static long Bit64L = 0x8000000000000000L;

	public int bits = IsReachable; 				// reachable by default

	// for operators
	public static final int ReturnTypeIDMASK = Bit1|Bit2|Bit3|Bit4;
	public static final int OperatorSHIFT = 6;	// Bit7 -> Bit12
	public static final int OperatorMASK = Bit7|Bit8|Bit9|Bit10|Bit11|Bit12; // 6 bits for operator ID

	// for binary expressions
	public static final int IsReturnedValue = Bit5;

	// for cast expressions
	public static final int UnnecessaryCast = Bit15;
	public static final int DisableUnnecessaryCastCheck = Bit6;
	public static final int GenerateCheckcast = Bit7;
	public static final int UnsafeCast = Bit8;

	// for name references
	public static final int RestrictiveFlagMASK = Bit1|Bit2|Bit3;

	// for name refs or local decls
	public static final int FirstAssignmentToLocal = Bit4;

	// for local decls
	public static final int IsArgument = Bit3;

	// for msg or field references
	public static final int NeedReceiverGenericCast = Bit19;
	
	// for this reference
	public static final int IsImplicitThis = Bit3;

	// for single name references
	public static final int DepthSHIFT = 5;	// Bit6 -> Bit13
	public static final int DepthMASK = Bit6|Bit7|Bit8|Bit9|Bit10|Bit11|Bit12|Bit13; // 8 bits for actual depth value (max. 255)

	// for statements
	public static final int IsReachable = Bit32;
	public static final int LabelUsed = Bit7;
	public static final int DocumentedFallthrough = Bit30;

	// local decls
	public static final int IsLocalDeclarationReachable = Bit31;

	// try statements
	public static final int IsSubRoutineEscaping = Bit15;
	public static final int IsTryBlockExiting = Bit30;

	// for type declaration
	public static final int ContainsAssertion = Bit1;
	public static final int IsLocalType = Bit9;
	public static final int IsAnonymousType = Bit10; // used to test for anonymous
	public static final int IsMemberType = Bit11; // local member do not know it is local at parse time (need to look at binding)
	public static final int HasAbstractMethods = Bit12; // used to promote abstract enums
	public static final int IsSecondaryType = Bit13; // used to test for secondary
	public static final int HasBeenGenerated = Bit14;

	// for type, method and field declarations
	public static final int HasLocalType = Bit2; // cannot conflict with AddAssertionMASK
	public static final int HasBeenResolved = Bit5; // field decl only (to handle forward references)

	// for expression
	public static final int ParenthesizedSHIFT = 21; // Bit22 -> Bit29
	public static final int ParenthesizedMASK = Bit22|Bit23|Bit24|Bit25|Bit26|Bit27|Bit28|Bit29; // 8 bits for parenthesis count value (max. 255)
	public static final int IgnoreNoEffectAssignCheck = Bit30;

	// for references on lhs of assignment
	public static final int IsStrictlyAssigned = Bit14; // set only for true assignments, as opposed to compound ones
	public static final int IsCompoundAssigned = Bit17; // set only for compound assignments, as opposed to other ones

	// for explicit constructor call
	public static final int DiscardEnclosingInstance = Bit14; // used for codegen

	// for all method/constructor invocations (msg, alloc, expl. constr call)
	public static final int Unchecked = Bit17;
	
	// for javadoc - used to indicate whether the javadoc has to be resolved
	public static final int ResolveJavadoc = Bit17;
	
	// for empty statement
	public static final int IsUsefulEmptyStatement = Bit1;

	// for block and method declaration
	public static final int UndocumentedEmptyBlock = Bit4;
	public static final int OverridingMethodWithSupercall = Bit5;
	public static final int CanBeStatic = Bit9;   // used to flag a method that can be declared static

	// for initializer and method declaration
	public static final int ErrorInSignature = Bit6;

	// for abstract method declaration
	public static final int NeedFreeReturn = Bit7; // abstract method declaration

	// for constructor declaration
	public static final int IsDefaultConstructor = Bit8;

	// for compilation unit
	public static final int HasAllMethodBodies = Bit5;
	public static final int IsImplicitUnit = Bit1;

	// for references in Javadoc comments
	public static final int InsideJavadoc = Bit16;

	// for javadoc allocation expression/javadoc message send/javadoc return statement
	public static final int SuperAccess = Bit15;

	// for javadoc return statement
	public static final int Empty = Bit19;

	// for if statement
	public static final int IsElseIfStatement = Bit30;
	public static final int ThenExit = Bit31;
	public static final int IsElseStatementUnreachable = Bit8;
	public static final int IsThenStatementUnreachable = Bit9;

	// for type reference
	public static final int IsSuperType = Bit5;
	public static final int IsVarArgs = Bit15;
	public static final int IgnoreRawTypeCheck = Bit31;

	// for array initializer
	public static final int IsAnnotationDefaultValue = Bit1;

	// for null reference analysis
	public static final int IsNonNull = Bit18;

	// for for statement
	public static final int NeededScope = Bit30;

	// for import reference
	public static final int OnDemand = Bit18;
	public static final int Used = Bit2;

	// for parameterized qualified/single type ref
	public static final int DidResolve = Bit19;

	// for return statement
	public static final int IsAnySubRoutineEscaping = Bit30;
	public static final int IsSynchronized = Bit31;

	// for synchronized statement
	public static final int BlockExit = Bit30;

	// for annotation reference
	public static final int IsRecovered = Bit6;

	// for type declaration, initializer and method declaration
	public static final int HasSyntaxErrors = Bit20;

	// constants used when checking invocation arguments
	public static final int INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_OK = 0;
	public static final int INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_UNCHECKED = 1;
	public static final int INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_WILDCARD = 2;

	public ASTNode() {

		super();
	}
	private static int checkInvocationArgument(BlockScope scope, Expression argument, TypeBinding parameterType, TypeBinding argumentType, TypeBinding originalParameterType) {
		argument.computeConversion(scope, parameterType, argumentType);

		if (argumentType != TypeBinding.NULL && parameterType.kind() == Binding.WILDCARD_TYPE) { // intersection types are tolerated
			WildcardBinding wildcard = (WildcardBinding) parameterType;
			if (wildcard.boundKind != Wildcard.SUPER) {
		    	return INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_WILDCARD;
			}
		}
		TypeBinding checkedParameterType = parameterType; // originalParameterType == null ? parameterType : originalParameterType;
		if (argumentType != checkedParameterType && argumentType.needsUncheckedConversion(checkedParameterType)) {
			scope.problemReporter().unsafeTypeConversion(argument, argumentType, checkedParameterType);
			return INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_UNCHECKED;
		}
		return INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_OK;
	}
	public static boolean checkInvocationArguments(BlockScope scope, Expression receiver, TypeBinding receiverType, MethodBinding method, Expression[] arguments, TypeBinding[] argumentTypes, boolean argsContainCast, InvocationSite invocationSite) {
		TypeBinding[] params = method.parameters;
		int paramLength = params.length;
		boolean isRawMemberInvocation = !method.isStatic()
				&& !receiverType.isUnboundWildcard()
				&& method.declaringClass.isRawType()
				&& method.hasSubstitutedParameters();

		boolean uncheckedBoundCheck = (method.tagBits & TagBits.HasUncheckedTypeArgumentForBoundCheck) != 0;
		MethodBinding rawOriginalGenericMethod = null;
		if (!isRawMemberInvocation) {
			if (method instanceof ParameterizedGenericMethodBinding) {
				ParameterizedGenericMethodBinding paramMethod = (ParameterizedGenericMethodBinding) method;
				if (paramMethod.isRaw && method.hasSubstitutedParameters()) {
					rawOriginalGenericMethod = method.original();
				}
			}
		}
		int invocationStatus = INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_OK;
		if (arguments == null) {
			if (method.isVarargs()) {
				TypeBinding parameterType = ((ArrayBinding) params[paramLength-1]).elementsType(); // no element was supplied for vararg parameter
		    	if (!parameterType.isReifiable()) {
				    scope.problemReporter().unsafeGenericArrayForVarargs(parameterType, (ASTNode)invocationSite);
		    	}
			}
		} else {
			if (method.isVarargs()) {
				// 4 possibilities exist for a call to the vararg method foo(int i, long ... value) : foo(1), foo(1, 2), foo(1, 2, 3, 4) & foo(1, new long[] {1, 2})
				int lastIndex = paramLength - 1;
				for (int i = 0; i < lastIndex; i++) {
					TypeBinding originalRawParam = rawOriginalGenericMethod == null ? null : rawOriginalGenericMethod.parameters[i];
					invocationStatus |= checkInvocationArgument(scope, arguments[i], params[i] , argumentTypes[i], originalRawParam);
				}
			   int argLength = arguments.length;
			   if (lastIndex <= argLength) { // https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=337093
				   	TypeBinding parameterType = params[lastIndex];
					TypeBinding originalRawParam = null;

				    if (paramLength != argLength || parameterType.dimensions() != argumentTypes[lastIndex].dimensions()) {
				    	parameterType = ((ArrayBinding) parameterType).elementsType(); // single element was provided for vararg parameter
				    	if (!parameterType.isReifiable()) {
						    scope.problemReporter().unsafeGenericArrayForVarargs(parameterType, (ASTNode)invocationSite);
				    	}
						originalRawParam = rawOriginalGenericMethod == null ? null : ((ArrayBinding)rawOriginalGenericMethod.parameters[lastIndex]).elementsType();
				    }
					for (int i = lastIndex; i < argLength; i++) {
						invocationStatus |= checkInvocationArgument(scope, arguments[i], parameterType, argumentTypes[i], originalRawParam);
					}
				} 
				if (paramLength == argLength) { // 70056
					int varargsIndex = paramLength - 1;
					ArrayBinding varargsType = (ArrayBinding) params[varargsIndex];
					TypeBinding lastArgType = argumentTypes[varargsIndex];
					int dimensions;
					if (lastArgType == TypeBinding.NULL) {
						if (!(varargsType.leafComponentType().isBaseType() && varargsType.dimensions() == 1))
							scope.problemReporter().varargsArgumentNeedCast(method, lastArgType, invocationSite);
					} else if (varargsType.dimensions <= (dimensions = lastArgType.dimensions())) {
						if (lastArgType.leafComponentType().isBaseType()) {
							dimensions--;
						}
						if (varargsType.dimensions < dimensions) {
							scope.problemReporter().varargsArgumentNeedCast(method, lastArgType, invocationSite);
						} else if (varargsType.dimensions == dimensions
										&& lastArgType != varargsType
										&& lastArgType.leafComponentType().erasure() != varargsType.leafComponentType.erasure()
										&& lastArgType.isCompatibleWith(varargsType.elementsType())
										&& lastArgType.isCompatibleWith(varargsType)) {
							scope.problemReporter().varargsArgumentNeedCast(method, lastArgType, invocationSite);
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				for (int i = 0; i < paramLength; i++) {
					TypeBinding originalRawParam = rawOriginalGenericMethod == null ? null : rawOriginalGenericMethod.parameters[i];
					invocationStatus |= checkInvocationArgument(scope, arguments[i], params[i], argumentTypes[i], originalRawParam);
				}
			}
			if (argsContainCast) {
				CastExpression.checkNeedForArgumentCasts(scope, receiver, receiverType, method, arguments, argumentTypes, invocationSite);
			}
		}
		if ((invocationStatus & INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_WILDCARD) != 0) {
		    scope.problemReporter().wildcardInvocation((ASTNode)invocationSite, receiverType, method, argumentTypes);
		} else if (!method.isStatic() && !receiverType.isUnboundWildcard() && method.declaringClass.isRawType() && method.hasSubstitutedParameters()) {
			if (scope.compilerOptions().reportUnavoidableGenericTypeProblems || receiver == null || !receiver.forcedToBeRaw(scope.referenceContext())) {
				scope.problemReporter().unsafeRawInvocation((ASTNode)invocationSite, method);
			}
		} else if (rawOriginalGenericMethod != null 
				|| uncheckedBoundCheck
				|| ((invocationStatus & INVOCATION_ARGUMENT_UNCHECKED) != 0 
						&& method instanceof ParameterizedGenericMethodBinding
						/*&& method.returnType != scope.environment().convertToRawType(method.returnType.erasure(), true)*/)) {
			scope.problemReporter().unsafeRawGenericMethodInvocation((ASTNode)invocationSite, method, argumentTypes);
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	public ASTNode concreteStatement() {
		return this;
	}

	public final boolean isFieldUseDeprecated(FieldBinding field, Scope scope, int filteredBits) {
		if ((this.bits & ASTNode.InsideJavadoc) == 0			// ignore references inside Javadoc comments 
				&& (filteredBits & IsStrictlyAssigned) == 0 	// ignore write access
				&& field.isOrEnclosedByPrivateType() 
				&& !scope.isDefinedInField(field)) 				// ignore cases where field is used from inside itself 
		{		
			if (((filteredBits & IsCompoundAssigned) != 0))
				// used, but usage may not be relevant
				field.original().compoundUseFlag++;
			else
				field.original().modifiers |= ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccLocallyUsed;
		}

		if ((field.modifiers & ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccRestrictedAccess) != 0) {
			AccessRestriction restriction =
				scope.environment().getAccessRestriction(field.declaringClass.erasure());
			if (restriction != null) {
				scope.problemReporter().forbiddenReference(field, this,
						restriction.classpathEntryType, restriction.classpathEntryName,
						restriction.getProblemId());
			}
		}

		if (!field.isViewedAsDeprecated()) return false;

		// inside same unit - no report
		if (scope.isDefinedInSameUnit(field.declaringClass)) return false;

		// if context is deprecated, may avoid reporting
		if (!scope.compilerOptions().reportDeprecationInsideDeprecatedCode && scope.isInsideDeprecatedCode()) return false;
		return true;
	}

	public boolean isImplicitThis() {

		return false;
	}

	/* Answer true if the method use is considered deprecated.
	* An access in the same compilation unit is allowed.
	*/
	public final boolean isMethodUseDeprecated(MethodBinding method, Scope scope,
			boolean isExplicitUse) {
		// ignore references insing Javadoc comments
		if ((this.bits & ASTNode.InsideJavadoc) == 0 && method.isOrEnclosedByPrivateType() && !scope.isDefinedInMethod(method)) {
			// ignore cases where method is used from inside itself (e.g. direct recursions)
			method.original().modifiers |= ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccLocallyUsed;
		}

		// TODO (maxime) consider separating concerns between deprecation and access restriction.
		// 				 Caveat: this was not the case when access restriction funtion was added.
		if (isExplicitUse && (method.modifiers & ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccRestrictedAccess) != 0) {
			// note: explicit constructors calls warnings are kept despite the 'new C1()' case (two
			//       warnings, one on type, the other on constructor), because of the 'super()' case.
			AccessRestriction restriction =
				scope.environment().getAccessRestriction(method.declaringClass.erasure());
			if (restriction != null) {
				scope.problemReporter().forbiddenReference(method, this,
						restriction.classpathEntryType, restriction.classpathEntryName,
						restriction.getProblemId());
			}
		}

		if (!method.isViewedAsDeprecated()) return false;

		// inside same unit - no report
		if (scope.isDefinedInSameUnit(method.declaringClass)) return false;

		// non explicit use and non explicitly deprecated - no report
		if (!isExplicitUse &&
				(method.modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccDeprecated) == 0) {
			return false;
		}

		// if context is deprecated, may avoid reporting
		if (!scope.compilerOptions().reportDeprecationInsideDeprecatedCode && scope.isInsideDeprecatedCode()) return false;
		return true;
	}

	public boolean isSuper() {

		return false;
	}

	public boolean isThis() {

		return false;
	}

	/* Answer true if the type use is considered deprecated.
	* An access in the same compilation unit is allowed.
	*/
	public final boolean isTypeUseDeprecated(TypeBinding type, Scope scope) {

		if (type.isArrayType()) {
			type = ((ArrayBinding) type).leafComponentType;
		}
		if (type.isBaseType())
			return false;

		ReferenceBinding refType = (ReferenceBinding) type;
		// ignore references insing Javadoc comments
		if ((this.bits & ASTNode.InsideJavadoc) == 0 && refType.isOrEnclosedByPrivateType() && !scope.isDefinedInType(refType)) {
			// ignore cases where type is used from inside itself
			((ReferenceBinding)refType.erasure()).modifiers |= ExtraCompilerModifiers.AccLocallyUsed;
		}

		if (refType.hasRestrictedAccess()) {
			AccessRestriction restriction = scope.environment().getAccessRestriction(type.erasure());
			if (restriction != null) {
				scope.problemReporter().forbiddenReference(type, this, restriction.classpathEntryType,
						restriction.classpathEntryName, restriction.getProblemId());
			}
		}

		// force annotations resolution before deciding whether the type may be deprecated
		refType.initializeDeprecatedAnnotationTagBits();

		if (!refType.isViewedAsDeprecated()) return false;

		// inside same unit - no report
		if (scope.isDefinedInSameUnit(refType)) return false;

		// if context is deprecated, may avoid reporting
		if (!scope.compilerOptions().reportDeprecationInsideDeprecatedCode && scope.isInsideDeprecatedCode()) return false;
		return true;
	}

	public abstract StringBuffer print(int indent, StringBuffer output);

	public static StringBuffer printAnnotations(Annotation[] annotations, StringBuffer output) {
		int length = annotations.length;
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			annotations[i].print(0, output);
			output.append(" "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		}
		return output;
	}

	public static StringBuffer printIndent(int indent, StringBuffer output) {

		for (int i = indent; i > 0; i--) output.append("  "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		return output;
	}

	public static StringBuffer printModifiers(int modifiers, StringBuffer output) {

		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccPublic) != 0)
			output.append("public "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccPrivate) != 0)
			output.append("private "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccProtected) != 0)
			output.append("protected "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccStatic) != 0)
			output.append("static "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccFinal) != 0)
			output.append("final "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccSynchronized) != 0)
			output.append("synchronized "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccVolatile) != 0)
			output.append("volatile "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccTransient) != 0)
			output.append("transient "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccNative) != 0)
			output.append("native "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		if ((modifiers & ClassFileConstants.AccAbstract) != 0)
			output.append("abstract "); //$NON-NLS-1$
		return output;
	}

	/**
	 * Resolve annotations, and check duplicates, answers combined tagBits
	 * for recognized standard annotations
	 */
	public static void resolveAnnotations(BlockScope scope, Annotation[] sourceAnnotations, Binding recipient) {
		AnnotationBinding[] annotations = null;
		int length = sourceAnnotations == null ? 0 : sourceAnnotations.length;
		if (recipient != null) {
			switch (recipient.kind()) {
				case Binding.PACKAGE :
					PackageBinding packageBinding = (PackageBinding) recipient;
					if ((packageBinding.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
					packageBinding.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationResolved | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
					break;
				case Binding.TYPE :
				case Binding.GENERIC_TYPE :
					ReferenceBinding type = (ReferenceBinding) recipient;
					if ((type.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
					type.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationResolved | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
					if (length > 0) {
						annotations = new AnnotationBinding[length];
						type.setAnnotations(annotations);
					}
					break;
				case Binding.METHOD :
					MethodBinding method = (MethodBinding) recipient;
					if ((method.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
					method.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationResolved | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
					if (length > 0) {
						annotations = new AnnotationBinding[length];
						method.setAnnotations(annotations);
					}
					break;
				case Binding.FIELD :
					FieldBinding field = (FieldBinding) recipient;
					if ((field.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
					field.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationResolved | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
					if (length > 0) {
						annotations = new AnnotationBinding[length];
						field.setAnnotations(annotations);
					}
					break;
				case Binding.LOCAL :
					LocalVariableBinding local = (LocalVariableBinding) recipient;
					if ((local.tagBits & TagBits.AnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
					local.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationResolved | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
					if (length > 0) {
						annotations = new AnnotationBinding[length];
						local.setAnnotations(annotations);
					}
					break;
				default :
					return;
			}
		}
		if (sourceAnnotations == null)
			return;
		for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
			Annotation annotation = sourceAnnotations[i];
			final Binding annotationRecipient = annotation.recipient;
			if (annotationRecipient != null && recipient != null) {
				// only local and field can share annnotations
				switch (recipient.kind()) {
					case Binding.FIELD :
						FieldBinding field = (FieldBinding) recipient;
						field.tagBits = ((FieldBinding) annotationRecipient).tagBits;
						if (annotations != null) {
							// need to fill the instances array
							for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
								Annotation annot = sourceAnnotations[j];
								annotations[j] = annot.getCompilerAnnotation();
							}
						}
						break;
					case Binding.LOCAL :
						LocalVariableBinding local = (LocalVariableBinding) recipient;
						long otherLocalTagBits = ((LocalVariableBinding) annotationRecipient).tagBits;
						local.tagBits = otherLocalTagBits;
						if ((otherLocalTagBits & TagBits.AnnotationSuppressWarnings) == 0) {
							// None of the annotations is a SuppressWarnings annotation
							// need to fill the instances array
							if (annotations != null) {
								for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
									Annotation annot = sourceAnnotations[j];
									annotations[j] = annot.getCompilerAnnotation();
								}
							}
						} else if (annotations != null) {
							// One of the annotations at least is a SuppressWarnings annotation
							LocalDeclaration localDeclaration = local.declaration;
							int declarationSourceEnd = localDeclaration.declarationSourceEnd;
							int declarationSourceStart = localDeclaration.declarationSourceStart;
							for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
								Annotation annot = sourceAnnotations[j];
								/*
								 * Annotations are shared between two locals, but we still need to record
								 * the suppress annotation range for the second local
								 */
								AnnotationBinding annotationBinding = annot.getCompilerAnnotation();
								annotations[j] = annotationBinding;
								if (annotationBinding != null) {
									final ReferenceBinding annotationType = annotationBinding.getAnnotationType();
									if (annotationType != null && annotationType.id == TypeIds.T_JavaLangSuppressWarnings) {
										annot.recordSuppressWarnings(scope, declarationSourceStart, declarationSourceEnd, scope.compilerOptions().suppressWarnings);
									}
								}
							}
						}
						break;
				}
				return;
			} else {
				annotation.recipient = recipient;
				annotation.resolveType(scope);
				// null if receiver is a package binding
				if (annotations != null) {
					annotations[i] = annotation.getCompilerAnnotation();
				}
			}
		}
		// check duplicate annotations
		if (annotations != null) {
			AnnotationBinding[] distinctAnnotations = annotations; // only copy after 1st duplicate is detected
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				AnnotationBinding annotation = distinctAnnotations[i];
				if (annotation == null) continue;
				TypeBinding annotationType = annotation.getAnnotationType();
				boolean foundDuplicate = false;
				for (int j = i+1; j < length; j++) {
					AnnotationBinding otherAnnotation = distinctAnnotations[j];
					if (otherAnnotation == null) continue;
					if (otherAnnotation.getAnnotationType() == annotationType) {
						foundDuplicate = true;
						if (distinctAnnotations == annotations) {
							System.arraycopy(distinctAnnotations, 0, distinctAnnotations = new AnnotationBinding[length], 0, length);
						}
						distinctAnnotations[j] = null; // report it only once
						scope.problemReporter().duplicateAnnotation(sourceAnnotations[j]);
					}
				}
				if (foundDuplicate) {
					scope.problemReporter().duplicateAnnotation(sourceAnnotations[i]);
				}
			}
		}
	}

/**
 * Figures if @Deprecated annotation is specified, do not resolve entire annotations.
 */
public static void resolveDeprecatedAnnotations(BlockScope scope, Annotation[] annotations, Binding recipient) {
	if (recipient != null) {
		int kind = recipient.kind();
		if (annotations != null) {
			int length;
			if ((length = annotations.length) >= 0) {
				switch (kind) {
					case Binding.PACKAGE :
						PackageBinding packageBinding = (PackageBinding) recipient;
						if ((packageBinding.tagBits & TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
						break;
					case Binding.TYPE :
					case Binding.GENERIC_TYPE :
						ReferenceBinding type = (ReferenceBinding) recipient;
						if ((type.tagBits & TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
						break;
					case Binding.METHOD :
						MethodBinding method = (MethodBinding) recipient;
						if ((method.tagBits & TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
						break;
					case Binding.FIELD :
						FieldBinding field = (FieldBinding) recipient;
						if ((field.tagBits & TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
						break;
					case Binding.LOCAL :
						LocalVariableBinding local = (LocalVariableBinding) recipient;
						if ((local.tagBits & TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved) != 0) return;
						break;
					default :
						return;
				}
				for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
					TypeReference annotationTypeRef = annotations[i].type;
					// only resolve type name if 'Deprecated' last token
					if (!CharOperation.equals(TypeConstants.JAVA_LANG_DEPRECATED[2], annotationTypeRef.getLastToken())) return;
					TypeBinding annotationType = annotations[i].type.resolveType(scope);
					if(annotationType != null && annotationType.isValidBinding() && annotationType.id == TypeIds.T_JavaLangDeprecated) {
						switch (kind) {
							case Binding.PACKAGE :
								PackageBinding packageBinding = (PackageBinding) recipient;
								packageBinding.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationDeprecated | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
								return;
							case Binding.TYPE :
							case Binding.GENERIC_TYPE :
							case Binding.TYPE_PARAMETER :
								ReferenceBinding type = (ReferenceBinding) recipient;
								type.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationDeprecated | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
								return;
							case Binding.METHOD :
								MethodBinding method = (MethodBinding) recipient;
								method.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationDeprecated | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
								return;
							case Binding.FIELD :
								FieldBinding field = (FieldBinding) recipient;
								field.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationDeprecated | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
								return;
							case Binding.LOCAL :
								LocalVariableBinding local = (LocalVariableBinding) recipient;
								local.tagBits |= (TagBits.AnnotationDeprecated | TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved);
								return;
							default:
								return;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		switch (kind) {
			case Binding.PACKAGE :
				PackageBinding packageBinding = (PackageBinding) recipient;
				packageBinding.tagBits |= TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved;
				return;
			case Binding.TYPE :
			case Binding.GENERIC_TYPE :
			case Binding.TYPE_PARAMETER :
				ReferenceBinding type = (ReferenceBinding) recipient;
				type.tagBits |= TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved;
				return;
			case Binding.METHOD :
				MethodBinding method = (MethodBinding) recipient;
				method.tagBits |= TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved;
				return;
			case Binding.FIELD :
				FieldBinding field = (FieldBinding) recipient;
				field.tagBits |= TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved;
				return;
			case Binding.LOCAL :
				LocalVariableBinding local = (LocalVariableBinding) recipient;
				local.tagBits |= TagBits.DeprecatedAnnotationResolved;
				return;
			default:
				return;
		}
	}
}

	public int sourceStart() {
		return this.sourceStart;
	}
	public int sourceEnd() {
		return this.sourceEnd;
	}
	public String toString() {

		return print(0, new StringBuffer(30)).toString();
	}

	public void traverse(ASTVisitor visitor, BlockScope scope) {
		// do nothing by default
	}
}