/*
* Copyright 2002-2008 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.springframework.context.support;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import org.springframework.context.HierarchicalMessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSourceResolvable;
import org.springframework.context.NoSuchMessageException;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
/**
* Abstract implementation of the {@link HierarchicalMessageSource} interface,
* implementing common handling of message variants, making it easy
* to implement a specific strategy for a concrete MessageSource.
*
* <p>Subclasses must implement the abstract {@link #resolveCode}
* method. For efficient resolution of messages without arguments, the
* {@link #resolveCodeWithoutArguments} method should be overridden
* as well, resolving messages without a MessageFormat being involved.
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> By default, message texts are only parsed through
* MessageFormat if arguments have been passed in for the message. In case
* of no arguments, message texts will be returned as-is. As a consequence,
* you should only use MessageFormat escaping for messages with actual
* arguments, and keep all other messages unescaped. If you prefer to
* escape all messages, set the "alwaysUseMessageFormat" flag to "true".
*
* <p>Supports not only MessageSourceResolvables as primary messages
* but also resolution of message arguments that are in turn
* MessageSourceResolvables themselves.
*
* <p>This class does not implement caching of messages per code, thus
* subclasses can dynamically change messages over time. Subclasses are
* encouraged to cache their messages in a modification-aware fashion,
* allowing for hot deployment of updated messages.
*
* @author Juergen Hoeller
* @author Rod Johnson
* @see #resolveCode(String, java.util.Locale)
* @see #resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String, java.util.Locale)
* @see #setAlwaysUseMessageFormat
* @see java.text.MessageFormat
*/
public abstract class AbstractMessageSource extends MessageSourceSupport implements HierarchicalMessageSource {
private MessageSource parentMessageSource;
private boolean useCodeAsDefaultMessage = false;
public void setParentMessageSource(MessageSource parent) {
this.parentMessageSource = parent;
}
public MessageSource getParentMessageSource() {
return this.parentMessageSource;
}
/**
* Set whether to use the message code as default message instead of
* throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
* Default is "false".
* <p>Note: In case of a MessageSourceResolvable with multiple codes
* (like a FieldError) and a MessageSource that has a parent MessageSource,
* do <i>not</i> activate "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" in the <i>parent</i>:
* Else, you'll get the first code returned as message by the parent,
* without attempts to check further codes.
* <p>To be able to work with "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" turned on in the parent,
* AbstractMessageSource and AbstractApplicationContext contain special checks
* to delegate to the internal <code>getMessageInternal</code> method if available.
* In general, it is recommended to just use "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" during
* development and not rely on it in production in the first place, though.
* @see #getMessage(String, Object[], Locale)
* @see #getMessageInternal
* @see org.springframework.validation.FieldError
*/
public void setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(boolean useCodeAsDefaultMessage) {
this.useCodeAsDefaultMessage = useCodeAsDefaultMessage;
}
/**
* Return whether to use the message code as default message instead of
* throwing a NoSuchMessageException. Useful for development and debugging.
* Default is "false".
* <p>Alternatively, consider overriding the <code>getDefaultMessage</code>
* method to return a custom fallback message for an unresolvable code.
* @see #getDefaultMessage(String)
*/
protected boolean isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage() {
return this.useCodeAsDefaultMessage;
}
public final String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String defaultMessage, Locale locale) {
String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
if (msg != null) {
return msg;
}
if (defaultMessage == null) {
String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code);
if (fallback != null) {
return fallback;
}
}
return renderDefaultMessage(defaultMessage, args, locale);
}
public final String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) throws NoSuchMessageException {
String msg = getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
if (msg != null) {
return msg;
}
String fallback = getDefaultMessage(code);
if (fallback != null) {
return fallback;
}
throw new NoSuchMessageException(code, locale);
}
public final String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, Locale locale)
throws NoSuchMessageException {
String[] codes = resolvable.getCodes();
if (codes == null) {
codes = new String[0];
}
for (int i = 0; i < codes.length; i++) {
String msg = getMessageInternal(codes[i], resolvable.getArguments(), locale);
if (msg != null) {
return msg;
}
}
if (resolvable.getDefaultMessage() != null) {
return renderDefaultMessage(resolvable.getDefaultMessage(), resolvable.getArguments(), locale);
}
if (codes.length > 0) {
String fallback = getDefaultMessage(codes[0]);
if (fallback != null) {
return fallback;
}
}
throw new NoSuchMessageException(codes.length > 0 ? codes[codes.length - 1] : null, locale);
}
/**
* Resolve the given code and arguments as message in the given Locale,
* returning <code>null</code> if not found. Does <i>not</i> fall back to
* the code as default message. Invoked by <code>getMessage</code> methods.
* @param code the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
* @param args array of arguments that will be filled in for params
* within the message
* @param locale the Locale in which to do the lookup
* @return the resolved message, or <code>null</code> if not found
* @see #getMessage(String, Object[], String, Locale)
* @see #getMessage(String, Object[], Locale)
* @see #getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable, Locale)
* @see #setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage
*/
protected String getMessageInternal(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) {
if (code == null) {
return null;
}
if (locale == null) {
locale = Locale.getDefault();
}
Object[] argsToUse = args;
if (!isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() && ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
// Optimized resolution: no arguments to apply,
// therefore no MessageFormat needs to be involved.
// Note that the default implementation still uses MessageFormat;
// this can be overridden in specific subclasses.
String message = resolveCodeWithoutArguments(code, locale);
if (message != null) {
return message;
}
}
else {
// Resolve arguments eagerly, for the case where the message
// is defined in a parent MessageSource but resolvable arguments
// are defined in the child MessageSource.
argsToUse = resolveArguments(args, locale);
MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale);
if (messageFormat != null) {
synchronized (messageFormat) {
return messageFormat.format(argsToUse);
}
}
}
// Not found -> check parent, if any.
return getMessageFromParent(code, argsToUse, locale);
}
/**
* Try to retrieve the given message from the parent MessageSource, if any.
* @param code the code to lookup up, such as 'calculator.noRateSet'
* @param args array of arguments that will be filled in for params
* within the message
* @param locale the Locale in which to do the lookup
* @return the resolved message, or <code>null</code> if not found
* @see #getParentMessageSource()
*/
protected String getMessageFromParent(String code, Object[] args, Locale locale) {
MessageSource parent = getParentMessageSource();
if (parent != null) {
if (parent instanceof AbstractMessageSource) {
// Call internal method to avoid getting the default code back
// in case of "useCodeAsDefaultMessage" being activated.
return ((AbstractMessageSource) parent).getMessageInternal(code, args, locale);
}
else {
// Check parent MessageSource, returning null if not found there.
return parent.getMessage(code, args, null, locale);
}
}
// Not found in parent either.
return null;
}
/**
* Return a fallback default message for the given code, if any.
* <p>Default is to return the code itself if "useCodeAsDefaultMessage"
* is activated, or return no fallback else. In case of no fallback,
* the caller will usually receive a NoSuchMessageException from
* <code>getMessage</code>.
* @param code the message code that we couldn't resolve
* and that we didn't receive an explicit default message for
* @return the default message to use, or <code>null</code> if none
* @see #setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage
*/
protected String getDefaultMessage(String code) {
if (isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage()) {
return code;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Render the given default message String. The default message is
* passed in as specified by the caller and can be rendered into
* a fully formatted default message shown to the user.
* <p>The default implementation passes the String to <code>formatMessage</code>,
* resolving any argument placeholders found in them. Subclasses may override
* this method to plug in custom processing of default messages.
* @param defaultMessage the passed-in default message String
* @param args array of arguments that will be filled in for params within
* the message, or <code>null</code> if none.
* @param locale the Locale used for formatting
* @return the rendered default message (with resolved arguments)
* @see #formatMessage(String, Object[], java.util.Locale)
*/
protected String renderDefaultMessage(String defaultMessage, Object[] args, Locale locale) {
return formatMessage(defaultMessage, args, locale);
}
/**
* Searches through the given array of objects, find any
* MessageSourceResolvable objects and resolve them.
* <p>Allows for messages to have MessageSourceResolvables as arguments.
* @param args array of arguments for a message
* @param locale the locale to resolve through
* @return an array of arguments with any MessageSourceResolvables resolved
*/
protected Object[] resolveArguments(Object[] args, Locale locale) {
if (args == null) {
return new Object[0];
}
List resolvedArgs = new ArrayList(args.length);
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i] instanceof MessageSourceResolvable) {
resolvedArgs.add(getMessage((MessageSourceResolvable) args[i], locale));
}
else {
resolvedArgs.add(args[i]);
}
}
return resolvedArgs.toArray(new Object[resolvedArgs.size()]);
}
/**
* Subclasses can override this method to resolve a message without
* arguments in an optimized fashion, that is, to resolve a message
* without involving a MessageFormat.
* <p>The default implementation <i>does</i> use MessageFormat,
* through delegating to the <code>resolveCode</code> method.
* Subclasses are encouraged to replace this with optimized resolution.
* <p>Unfortunately, <code>java.text.MessageFormat</code> is not
* implemented in an efficient fashion. In particular, it does not
* detect that a message pattern doesn't contain argument placeholders
* in the first place. Therefore, it's advisable to circumvent
* MessageFormat completely for messages without arguments.
* @param code the code of the message to resolve
* @param locale the Locale to resolve the code for
* (subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
* @return the message String, or <code>null</code> if not found
* @see #resolveCode
* @see java.text.MessageFormat
*/
protected String resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String code, Locale locale) {
MessageFormat messageFormat = resolveCode(code, locale);
if (messageFormat != null) {
synchronized (messageFormat) {
return messageFormat.format(new Object[0]);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Subclasses must implement this method to resolve a message.
* <p>Returns a MessageFormat instance rather than a message String,
* to allow for appropriate caching of MessageFormats in subclasses.
* <p><b>Subclasses are encouraged to provide optimized resolution
* for messages without arguments, not involving MessageFormat.</b>
* See <code>resolveCodeWithoutArguments</code> javadoc for details.
* @param code the code of the message to resolve
* @param locale the Locale to resolve the code for
* (subclasses are encouraged to support internationalization)
* @return the MessageFormat for the message, or <code>null</code> if not found
* @see #resolveCodeWithoutArguments(String, java.util.Locale)
*/
protected abstract MessageFormat resolveCode(String code, Locale locale);
}