/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.flink.runtime.util;

import org.apache.flink.util.ExceptionUtils;
import org.apache.flink.util.InstantiationUtil;

import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Utility class for dealing with user-defined Throwable types that are serialized (for
 * example during RPC/Actor communication), but cannot be resolved with the default
 * class loader.
 * 
 * <p>This exception mimics the original exception with respect to message and stack trace,
 * and contains the original exception in serialized form. The original exception
 * can be re-obtained by supplying the appropriate class loader.
 */
public class SerializedThrowable extends Exception implements Serializable {
	
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 7284183123441947635L;
	
	/** The original exception in serialized form */
	private final byte[] serializedException;
	
	/** Name of the original error class */
	private final String originalErrorClassName;
	
	/** The original stack trace, to be printed */
	private final String fullStringifiedStackTrace;

	/** The original exception, not transported via serialization, 
	 * because the class may not be part of the system class loader.
	 * In addition, we make sure our cached references to not prevent
	 * unloading the exception class. */
	private transient WeakReference<Throwable> cachedException;


	/**
	 * Create a new SerializedThrowable.
	 * 
	 * @param exception The exception to serialize.
	 */
	public SerializedThrowable(Throwable exception) {
		this(exception, new HashSet<Throwable>());
	}

	private SerializedThrowable(Throwable exception, Set<Throwable> alreadySeen) {
		super(getMessageOrError(exception));

		if (!(exception instanceof SerializedThrowable)) {
			// serialize and memoize the original message
			byte[] serialized;
			try {
				serialized = InstantiationUtil.serializeObject(exception);
			}
			catch (Throwable t) {
				serialized = null;
			}
			this.serializedException = serialized;
			this.cachedException = new WeakReference<Throwable>(exception);

			// record the original exception's properties (name, stack prints)
			this.originalErrorClassName = exception.getClass().getName();
			this.fullStringifiedStackTrace = ExceptionUtils.stringifyException(exception);

			// mimic the original exception's stack trace
			setStackTrace(exception.getStackTrace());

			// mimic the original exception's cause
			if (exception.getCause() == null) {
				initCause(null);
			}
			else {
				// exception causes may by cyclic, so we truncate the cycle when we find it 
				if (alreadySeen.add(exception)) {
					// we are not in a cycle, yet
					initCause(new SerializedThrowable(exception.getCause(), alreadySeen));
				}
			}

		}
		else {
			// copy from that serialized throwable
			SerializedThrowable other = (SerializedThrowable) exception;
			this.serializedException = other.serializedException;
			this.originalErrorClassName = other.originalErrorClassName;
			this.fullStringifiedStackTrace = other.fullStringifiedStackTrace;
			this.cachedException = other.cachedException;
			this.setStackTrace(other.getStackTrace());
			this.initCause(other.getCause());
		}
	}

	public Throwable deserializeError(ClassLoader classloader) {
		if (serializedException == null) {
			// failed to serialize the original exception
			// return this SerializedThrowable as a stand in
			return this;
		}

		Throwable cached = cachedException == null ? null : cachedException.get();
		if (cached == null) {
			try {
				cached = InstantiationUtil.deserializeObject(serializedException, classloader);
				cachedException = new WeakReference<Throwable>(cached);
			}
			catch (Throwable t) {
				// something went wrong
				// return this SerializedThrowable as a stand in
				return this;
			}
		}
		return cached;
	}

	public String getOriginalErrorClassName() {
		return originalErrorClassName;
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  Override the behavior of Throwable
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public void printStackTrace(PrintStream s) {
		s.print(fullStringifiedStackTrace);
		s.flush();
	}
	
	@Override
	public void printStackTrace(PrintWriter s) {
		s.print(fullStringifiedStackTrace);
		s.flush();
	}
	
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		String message = getLocalizedMessage();
		return (message != null) ? (originalErrorClassName + ": " + message) : originalErrorClassName;
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  Static utilities
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	public static Throwable get(Throwable serThrowable, ClassLoader loader) {
		if (serThrowable instanceof SerializedThrowable) {
			return ((SerializedThrowable)serThrowable).deserializeError(loader);
		} else {
			return serThrowable;
		}
	}

	private static String getMessageOrError(Throwable error) {
		try {
			return error.getMessage();
		}
		catch (Throwable t) {
			return "(failed to get message)";
		}
	}
}