/* RollingCounter.java
 *
 * Copyright 2009-2012 Comcast Interactive Media, LLC.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.fishwife.jrugged;

import java.util.LinkedList;

/**
 * Keeps a count of the number of events that have occurred within a given time window.
 */
public class WindowedEventCounter {

    /**
     * The {@link Clock} to used to determine current time (override for testing).
     */
    private Clock clock = new SystemClock();

    /**
     * Length of the window in milliseconds.
     */
    private long windowMillis;

    /**
     * Storage for the internal queue.
     */
    private final LinkedList<Long> queue = new LinkedList<>();

    /**
     * The maximum count this WindowedEventCounter can hold. Also, the maximum queue size.
     * Immutable.
     */
    private int capacity;

    /**
     * Sole constructor.
     *
     * @param capacity
     *            maximum count this WindowedEventCounter can hold.
     * @param windowMillis
     *            length of the interest window in milliseconds.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if capacity is less than 1 or if windowMillis is less than 1.
     */
    public WindowedEventCounter(final int capacity, final long windowMillis) {
        if (capacity <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("capacity must be greater than 0");
        }
        if (windowMillis <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("windowMillis must be greater than 0");
        }
        this.windowMillis = windowMillis;
        this.capacity = capacity;
    }

    /**
     * Record a new event.
     */
    public void mark() {
        final long currentTimeMillis = clock.currentTimeMillis();

        synchronized (queue) {
            if (queue.size() == capacity) {
                /*
                 * we're all filled up already, let's dequeue the oldest timestamp to make
                 * room for this new one.
                 */
                queue.removeFirst();
            }
            queue.addLast(currentTimeMillis);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a count of in-window events.
     *
     * @return the the count of in-window events.
     */
    public int tally() {
        final long currentTimeMillis = clock.currentTimeMillis();

        // calculates time for which we remove any errors before
        final long removeTimesBeforeMillis = currentTimeMillis - windowMillis;

        synchronized (queue) {
            // drain out any expired timestamps but don't drain past empty
            while (!queue.isEmpty() && queue.peek() < removeTimesBeforeMillis) {
                queue.removeFirst();
            }
            return queue.size();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the length of the currently configured event window in milliseconds.
     *
     * @return <code>long</code>
     */
    public long getWindowMillis() {
        return windowMillis;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies the maximum capacity of the counter.
     *
     * @param capacity
     *            <code>long</code>
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if windowMillis is less than 1.
     */
    public void setCapacity(final int capacity) {
        if (capacity <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("capacity must be greater than 0");
        }

        synchronized (queue) {
            // If the capacity was reduced, we remove oldest elements until the
            // queue fits inside the specified capacity
            if (capacity < this.capacity) {
                while (queue.size() > capacity) {
                    queue.removeFirst();
                }
            }
        }

        this.capacity = capacity;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum capacity this counter can hold.
     *
     * @return <code>int</code>
     */
    public int getCapacity() {
        return capacity;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies the length of the interest window in milliseconds.
     *
     * @param windowMillis
     *            <code>long</code>
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
     *             if windowMillis is less than 1.
     */
    public void setWindowMillis(final long windowMillis) {
        if (windowMillis <= 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("windowMillis must be greater than 0");
        }

        // changing windowMillis while tally() is draining expired events could
        // lead to weirdness, let's lock for this.
        synchronized (queue) {
            this.windowMillis = windowMillis;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Allow the internal {@link Clock} that is used for current time to be overridden
     * (for testing).
     *
     * @param clock
     *            <code>Clock</code>
     */
    protected void setClock(final Clock clock) {
        this.clock = clock;
    }

}