/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this
* work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF
* licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.crypto;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.DigestException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
/**
* A facade for encryption algorithms and related support.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Evolving
public final class Encryption {
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(Encryption.class);
/**
* Crypto context
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Evolving
public static class Context extends org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.crypto.Context {
/** The null crypto context */
public static final Context NONE = new Context();
private Context() {
super();
}
private Context(Configuration conf) {
super(conf);
}
@Override
public Context setCipher(Cipher cipher) {
super.setCipher(cipher);
return this;
}
@Override
public Context setKey(Key key) {
super.setKey(key);
return this;
}
public Context setKey(byte[] key) {
super.setKey(new SecretKeySpec(key, getCipher().getName()));
return this;
}
}
public static Context newContext() {
return new Context();
}
public static Context newContext(Configuration conf) {
return new Context(conf);
}
// Prevent instantiation
private Encryption() {
super();
}
/**
* Get an cipher given a name
* @param name the cipher name
* @return the cipher, or null if a suitable one could not be found
*/
public static Cipher getCipher(Configuration conf, String name) {
return getCipherProvider(conf).getCipher(name);
}
/**
* Get names of supported encryption algorithms
*
* @return Array of strings, each represents a supported encryption algorithm
*/
public static String[] getSupportedCiphers() {
return getSupportedCiphers(HBaseConfiguration.create());
}
/**
* Get names of supported encryption algorithms
*
* @return Array of strings, each represents a supported encryption algorithm
*/
public static String[] getSupportedCiphers(Configuration conf) {
return getCipherProvider(conf).getSupportedCiphers();
}
/**
* Return the MD5 digest of the concatenation of the supplied arguments.
*/
public static byte[] hash128(String... args) {
byte[] result = new byte[16];
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
for (String arg: args) {
md.update(Bytes.toBytes(arg));
}
md.digest(result, 0, result.length);
return result;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (DigestException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Return the MD5 digest of the concatenation of the supplied arguments.
*/
public static byte[] hash128(byte[]... args) {
byte[] result = new byte[16];
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
for (byte[] arg: args) {
md.update(arg);
}
md.digest(result, 0, result.length);
return result;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (DigestException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Return the SHA-256 digest of the concatenation of the supplied arguments.
*/
public static byte[] hash256(String... args) {
byte[] result = new byte[32];
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
for (String arg: args) {
md.update(Bytes.toBytes(arg));
}
md.digest(result, 0, result.length);
return result;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (DigestException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Return the SHA-256 digest of the concatenation of the supplied arguments.
*/
public static byte[] hash256(byte[]... args) {
byte[] result = new byte[32];
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
for (byte[] arg: args) {
md.update(arg);
}
md.digest(result, 0, result.length);
return result;
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (DigestException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Return a 128 bit key derived from the concatenation of the supplied
* arguments using PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1 at 10,000 iterations.
*
*/
public static byte[] pbkdf128(String... args) {
byte[] salt = new byte[128];
Bytes.random(salt);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (String s: args) {
sb.append(s);
}
PBEKeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(sb.toString().toCharArray(), salt, 10000, 128);
try {
return SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1")
.generateSecret(spec).getEncoded();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Return a 128 bit key derived from the concatenation of the supplied
* arguments using PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1 at 10,000 iterations.
*
*/
public static byte[] pbkdf128(byte[]... args) {
byte[] salt = new byte[128];
Bytes.random(salt);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (byte[] b: args) {
sb.append(Arrays.toString(b));
}
PBEKeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(sb.toString().toCharArray(), salt, 10000, 128);
try {
return SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1")
.generateSecret(spec).getEncoded();
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* Encrypt a block of plaintext
* <p>
* The encryptor's state will be finalized. It should be reinitialized or
* returned to the pool.
* @param out ciphertext
* @param src plaintext
* @param offset
* @param length
* @param e
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void encrypt(OutputStream out, byte[] src, int offset,
int length, Encryptor e) throws IOException {
OutputStream cout = e.createEncryptionStream(out);
try {
cout.write(src, offset, length);
} finally {
cout.close();
}
}
/**
* Encrypt a block of plaintext
* @param out ciphertext
* @param src plaintext
* @param offset
* @param length
* @param context
* @param iv
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void encrypt(OutputStream out, byte[] src, int offset,
int length, Context context, byte[] iv) throws IOException {
Encryptor e = context.getCipher().getEncryptor();
e.setKey(context.getKey());
e.setIv(iv); // can be null
e.reset();
encrypt(out, src, offset, length, e);
}
/**
* Encrypt a stream of plaintext given an encryptor
* <p>
* The encryptor's state will be finalized. It should be reinitialized or
* returned to the pool.
* @param out ciphertext
* @param in plaintext
* @param e
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void encrypt(OutputStream out, InputStream in, Encryptor e)
throws IOException {
OutputStream cout = e.createEncryptionStream(out);
try {
IOUtils.copy(in, cout);
} finally {
cout.close();
}
}
/**
* Encrypt a stream of plaintext given a context and IV
* @param out ciphertext
* @param in plaintet
* @param context
* @param iv
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void encrypt(OutputStream out, InputStream in, Context context,
byte[] iv) throws IOException {
Encryptor e = context.getCipher().getEncryptor();
e.setKey(context.getKey());
e.setIv(iv); // can be null
e.reset();
encrypt(out, in, e);
}
/**
* Decrypt a block of ciphertext read in from a stream with the given
* cipher and context
* <p>
* The decryptor's state will be finalized. It should be reinitialized or
* returned to the pool.
* @param dest
* @param destOffset
* @param in
* @param destSize
* @param d
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void decrypt(byte[] dest, int destOffset, InputStream in,
int destSize, Decryptor d) throws IOException {
InputStream cin = d.createDecryptionStream(in);
try {
IOUtils.readFully(cin, dest, destOffset, destSize);
} finally {
cin.close();
}
}
/**
* Decrypt a block of ciphertext from a stream given a context and IV
* @param dest
* @param destOffset
* @param in
* @param destSize
* @param context
* @param iv
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void decrypt(byte[] dest, int destOffset, InputStream in,
int destSize, Context context, byte[] iv) throws IOException {
Decryptor d = context.getCipher().getDecryptor();
d.setKey(context.getKey());
d.setIv(iv); // can be null
decrypt(dest, destOffset, in, destSize, d);
}
/**
* Decrypt a stream of ciphertext given a decryptor
* @param out
* @param in
* @param outLen
* @param d
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void decrypt(OutputStream out, InputStream in, int outLen,
Decryptor d) throws IOException {
InputStream cin = d.createDecryptionStream(in);
byte buf[] = new byte[8*1024];
long remaining = outLen;
try {
while (remaining > 0) {
int toRead = (int)(remaining < buf.length ? remaining : buf.length);
int read = cin.read(buf, 0, toRead);
if (read < 0) {
break;
}
out.write(buf, 0, read);
remaining -= read;
}
} finally {
cin.close();
}
}
/**
* Decrypt a stream of ciphertext given a context and IV
* @param out
* @param in
* @param outLen
* @param context
* @param iv
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void decrypt(OutputStream out, InputStream in, int outLen,
Context context, byte[] iv) throws IOException {
Decryptor d = context.getCipher().getDecryptor();
d.setKey(context.getKey());
d.setIv(iv); // can be null
decrypt(out, in, outLen, d);
}
/**
* Resolves a key for the given subject
* @param subject
* @param conf
* @return a key for the given subject
* @throws IOException if the key is not found
*/
public static Key getSecretKeyForSubject(String subject, Configuration conf)
throws IOException {
KeyProvider provider = (KeyProvider)getKeyProvider(conf);
if (provider != null) try {
Key[] keys = provider.getKeys(new String[] { subject });
if (keys != null && keys.length > 0) {
return keys[0];
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new IOException(e);
}
throw new IOException("No key found for subject '" + subject + "'");
}
/**
* Encrypts a block of plaintext with the symmetric key resolved for the given subject
* @param out ciphertext
* @param in plaintext
* @param conf configuration
* @param cipher the encryption algorithm
* @param iv the initialization vector, can be null
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void encryptWithSubjectKey(OutputStream out, InputStream in,
String subject, Configuration conf, Cipher cipher, byte[] iv)
throws IOException {
Key key = getSecretKeyForSubject(subject, conf);
if (key == null) {
throw new IOException("No key found for subject '" + subject + "'");
}
Encryptor e = cipher.getEncryptor();
e.setKey(key);
e.setIv(iv); // can be null
encrypt(out, in, e);
}
/**
* Decrypts a block of ciphertext with the symmetric key resolved for the given subject
* @param out plaintext
* @param in ciphertext
* @param outLen the expected plaintext length
* @param subject the subject's key alias
* @param conf configuration
* @param cipher the encryption algorithm
* @param iv the initialization vector, can be null
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void decryptWithSubjectKey(OutputStream out, InputStream in,
int outLen, String subject, Configuration conf, Cipher cipher,
byte[] iv) throws IOException {
Key key = getSecretKeyForSubject(subject, conf);
if (key == null) {
throw new IOException("No key found for subject '" + subject + "'");
}
Decryptor d = cipher.getDecryptor();
d.setKey(key);
d.setIv(iv); // can be null
decrypt(out, in, outLen, d);
}
private static ClassLoader getClassLoaderForClass(Class<?> c) {
ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
if (cl == null) {
cl = c.getClassLoader();
}
if (cl == null) {
cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
}
if (cl == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("A ClassLoader to load the Cipher could not be determined");
}
return cl;
}
public static CipherProvider getCipherProvider(Configuration conf) {
String providerClassName = conf.get(HConstants.CRYPTO_CIPHERPROVIDER_CONF_KEY,
DefaultCipherProvider.class.getName());
try {
CipherProvider provider = (CipherProvider)
ReflectionUtils.newInstance(getClassLoaderForClass(CipherProvider.class)
.loadClass(providerClassName),
conf);
return provider;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
static final Map<Pair<String,String>,KeyProvider> keyProviderCache =
new ConcurrentHashMap<Pair<String,String>,KeyProvider>();
public static KeyProvider getKeyProvider(Configuration conf) {
String providerClassName = conf.get(HConstants.CRYPTO_KEYPROVIDER_CONF_KEY,
KeyStoreKeyProvider.class.getName());
String providerParameters = conf.get(HConstants.CRYPTO_KEYPROVIDER_PARAMETERS_KEY, "");
try {
Pair<String,String> providerCacheKey = new Pair<String,String>(providerClassName,
providerParameters);
KeyProvider provider = keyProviderCache.get(providerCacheKey);
if (provider != null) {
return provider;
}
provider = (KeyProvider) ReflectionUtils.newInstance(
getClassLoaderForClass(KeyProvider.class).loadClass(providerClassName),
conf);
provider.init(providerParameters);
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Installed " + providerClassName + " into key provider cache");
}
keyProviderCache.put(providerCacheKey, provider);
return provider;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public static void incrementIv(byte[] iv) {
incrementIv(iv, 1);
}
public static void incrementIv(byte[] iv, int v) {
int length = iv.length;
boolean carry = true;
// TODO: Optimize for v > 1, e.g. 16, 32
do {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (carry) {
iv[i] = (byte) ((iv[i] + 1) & 0xFF);
carry = 0 == iv[i];
} else {
break;
}
}
v--;
} while (v > 0);
}
}