/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.authenticator;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Engine;
import org.apache.catalina.Globals;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.Manager;
import org.apache.catalina.Realm;
import org.apache.catalina.Session;
import org.apache.catalina.SessionListener;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Response;
import org.apache.catalina.valves.ValveBase;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
/**
* A <strong>Valve</strong> that supports a "single sign on" user experience,
* where the security identity of a user who successfully authenticates to one
* web application is propagated to other web applications in the same
* security domain. For successful use, the following requirements must
* be met:
* <ul>
* <li>This Valve must be configured on the Container that represents a
* virtual host (typically an implementation of <code>Host</code>).</li>
* <li>The <code>Realm</code> that contains the shared user and role
* information must be configured on the same Container (or a higher
* one), and not overridden at the web application level.</li>
* <li>The web applications themselves must use one of the standard
* Authenticators found in the
* <code>org.apache.catalina.authenticator</code> package.</li>
* </ul>
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*/
public class SingleSignOn extends ValveBase {
protected static final boolean LAST_ACCESS_AT_START;
static {
String lastAccessAtStart = System.getProperty(
"org.apache.catalina.session.StandardSession.LAST_ACCESS_AT_START");
if (lastAccessAtStart == null) {
LAST_ACCESS_AT_START = Globals.STRICT_SERVLET_COMPLIANCE;
} else {
LAST_ACCESS_AT_START = Boolean.parseBoolean(lastAccessAtStart);
}
}
private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);
/* The engine at the top of the container hierarchy in which this SSO Valve
* has been placed. It is used to get back to a session object from a
* SingleSignOnSessionKey and is updated when the Valve starts and stops.
*/
private Engine engine;
//------------------------------------------------------ Constructor
public SingleSignOn() {
super(true);
}
// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
/**
* The cache of SingleSignOnEntry instances for authenticated Principals,
* keyed by the cookie value that is used to select them.
*/
protected Map<String,SingleSignOnEntry> cache =
new ConcurrentHashMap<String,SingleSignOnEntry>();
/**
* Descriptive information about this Valve implementation.
*/
protected static final String info =
"org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn";
/**
* Indicates whether this valve should require a downstream Authenticator to
* reauthenticate each request, or if it itself can bind a UserPrincipal
* and AuthType object to the request.
*/
private boolean requireReauthentication = false;
/**
* Optional SSO cookie domain.
*/
private String cookieDomain;
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
/**
* Returns the optional cookie domain.
* May return null.
*
* @return The cookie domain
*/
public String getCookieDomain() {
return cookieDomain;
}
/**
* Sets the domain to be used for sso cookies.
*
* @param cookieDomain cookie domain name
*/
public void setCookieDomain(String cookieDomain) {
if (cookieDomain != null && cookieDomain.trim().length() == 0) {
this.cookieDomain = null;
} else {
this.cookieDomain = cookieDomain;
}
}
/**
* Gets whether each request needs to be reauthenticated (by an
* Authenticator downstream in the pipeline) to the security
* <code>Realm</code>, or if this Valve can itself bind security info
* to the request based on the presence of a valid SSO entry without
* rechecking with the <code>Realm</code>.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if it is required that a downstream
* Authenticator reauthenticate each request before calls to
* <code>HttpServletRequest.setUserPrincipal()</code>
* and <code>HttpServletRequest.setAuthType()</code> are made;
* <code>false</code> if the <code>Valve</code> can itself make
* those calls relying on the presence of a valid SingleSignOn
* entry associated with the request.
*
* @see #setRequireReauthentication
*/
public boolean getRequireReauthentication() {
return requireReauthentication;
}
/**
* Sets whether each request needs to be reauthenticated (by an
* Authenticator downstream in the pipeline) to the security
* <code>Realm</code>, or if this Valve can itself bind security info
* to the request, based on the presence of a valid SSO entry, without
* rechecking with the <code>Realm</code>.
* <p>
* If this property is <code>false</code> (the default), this
* <code>Valve</code> will bind a UserPrincipal and AuthType to the request
* if a valid SSO entry is associated with the request. It will not notify
* the security <code>Realm</code> of the incoming request.
* <p>
* This property should be set to <code>true</code> if the overall server
* configuration requires that the <code>Realm</code> reauthenticate each
* request thread. An example of such a configuration would be one where
* the <code>Realm</code> implementation provides security for both a
* web tier and an associated EJB tier, and needs to set security
* credentials on each request thread in order to support EJB access.
* <p>
* If this property is set to <code>true</code>, this Valve will set flags
* on the request notifying the downstream Authenticator that the request
* is associated with an SSO session. The Authenticator will then call its
* {@link AuthenticatorBase#reauthenticateFromSSO reauthenticateFromSSO}
* method to attempt to reauthenticate the request to the
* <code>Realm</code>, using any credentials that were cached with this
* Valve.
* <p>
* The default value of this property is <code>false</code>, in order
* to maintain backward compatibility with previous versions of Tomcat.
*
* @param required <code>true</code> if it is required that a downstream
* Authenticator reauthenticate each request before calls
* to <code>HttpServletRequest.setUserPrincipal()</code>
* and <code>HttpServletRequest.setAuthType()</code> are
* made; <code>false</code> if the <code>Valve</code> can
* itself make those calls relying on the presence of a
* valid SingleSignOn entry associated with the request.
*
* @see AuthenticatorBase#reauthenticateFromSSO
*/
public void setRequireReauthentication(boolean required) {
this.requireReauthentication = required;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------- Valve Methods
/**
* Return descriptive information about this Valve implementation.
*/
@Override
public String getInfo() {
return info;
}
/**
* Perform single-sign-on support processing for this request.
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @param response The servlet response we are creating
*
* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
* @exception ServletException if a servlet error occurs
*/
@Override
public void invoke(Request request, Response response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
request.removeNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE);
// Has a valid user already been authenticated?
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.invoke", request.getRequestURI()));
}
if (request.getUserPrincipal() != null) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.hasPrincipal",
request.getUserPrincipal().getName()));
}
getNext().invoke(request, response);
return;
}
// Check for the single sign on cookie
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.cookieCheck"));
}
Cookie cookie = null;
Cookie cookies[] = request.getCookies();
if (cookies != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
if (Constants.SINGLE_SIGN_ON_COOKIE.equals(cookies[i].getName())) {
cookie = cookies[i];
break;
}
}
}
if (cookie == null) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.cookieNotFound"));
}
getNext().invoke(request, response);
return;
}
// Look up the cached Principal associated with this cookie value
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.principalCheck",
cookie.getValue()));
}
SingleSignOnEntry entry = cache.get(cookie.getValue());
if (entry != null) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.principalFound",
entry.getPrincipal() != null ? entry.getPrincipal().getName() : "",
entry.getAuthType()));
}
request.setNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE, cookie.getValue());
// Only set security elements if reauthentication is not required
if (!getRequireReauthentication()) {
request.setAuthType(entry.getAuthType());
request.setUserPrincipal(entry.getPrincipal());
}
} else {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.principalNotFound",
cookie.getValue()));
}
// No need to return a valid SSO session ID
cookie.setValue("REMOVE");
// Age of zero will trigger removal
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
// Domain and path have to match the original cookie to 'replace'
// the original cookie
cookie.setPath("/");
String domain = getCookieDomain();
if (domain != null) {
cookie.setDomain(domain);
}
// This is going to trigger a Set-Cookie header. While the value is
// not security sensitive, ensure that expectations for secure and
// httpOnly are met
cookie.setSecure(request.isSecure());
if (request.getServletContext().getSessionCookieConfig().isHttpOnly() ||
request.getContext().getUseHttpOnly()) {
cookie.setHttpOnly(true);
}
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
// Invoke the next Valve in our pipeline
getNext().invoke(request, response);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
/**
* Process a session destroyed event by removing references to that session
* from the caches and - if the session destruction is the result of a
* logout - destroy the associated SSO session.
*
* @param ssoId The ID of the SSO session which which the destroyed
* session was associated
* @param session The session that has been destroyed
*/
public void sessionDestroyed(String ssoId, Session session) {
if (!getState().isAvailable()) {
return;
}
// Was the session destroyed as the result of a timeout or context stop?
// If so, we'll just remove the expired session from the SSO. If the
// session was logged out, we'll log out of all session associated with
// the SSO.
if (((session.getMaxInactiveInterval() > 0)
&& (System.currentTimeMillis() - session.getThisAccessedTimeInternal() >=
session.getMaxInactiveInterval() * 1000))
|| (!((Context)session.getManager().getContainer()).getState().isAvailable())) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.sessionTimeout",
ssoId, session));
}
removeSession(ssoId, session);
} else {
// The session was logged out.
// Deregister this single session id, invalidating
// associated sessions
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.sessionLogout",
ssoId, session));
}
// First remove the session that we know has expired / been logged
// out since it has already been removed from its Manager and, if
// we don't remove it first, deregister() will log a warning that it
// can't be found
removeSession(ssoId, session);
// If the SSO session was only associated with one web app the call
// above will have removed the SSO session from the cache
if (cache.containsKey(ssoId)) {
deregister(ssoId);
}
}
}
/**
* Associate the specified single sign on identifier with the
* specified Session.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier
* @param session Session to be associated
*
* @return <code>true</code> if the session was associated to the given SSO
* session, otherwise <code>false</code>
*/
protected boolean associate(String ssoId, Session session) {
SingleSignOnEntry sso = cache.get(ssoId);
if (sso == null) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.associateFail",
ssoId, session));
}
return false;
} else {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.associate",
ssoId, session));
}
sso.addSession(this, ssoId, session);
return true;
}
}
/**
* Deregister the specified single sign on identifier, and invalidate
* any associated sessions.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier to deregister
*/
protected void deregister(String ssoId) {
// Look up and remove the corresponding SingleSignOnEntry
SingleSignOnEntry sso = cache.remove(ssoId);
if (sso == null) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.deregisterFail", ssoId));
}
return;
}
// Expire any associated sessions
Set<SingleSignOnSessionKey> ssoKeys = sso.findSessions();
if (ssoKeys.size() == 0) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.deregisterNone", ssoId));
}
}
for (SingleSignOnSessionKey ssoKey : ssoKeys) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.deregister", ssoKey, ssoId));
}
// Invalidate this session
expire(ssoKey);
}
// NOTE: Clients may still possess the old single sign on cookie,
// but it will be removed on the next request since it is no longer
// in the cache
}
private void expire(SingleSignOnSessionKey key) {
if (engine == null) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.engineNull", key));
return;
}
Container host = engine.findChild(key.getHostName());
if (host == null) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.hostNotFound", key));
return;
}
Context context = (Context) host.findChild(key.getContextName());
if (context == null) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.contextNotFound", key));
return;
}
Manager manager = context.getManager();
if (manager == null) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.managerNotFound", key));
return;
}
Session session = null;
try {
session = manager.findSession(key.getSessionId());
} catch (IOException e) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.managerError", key), e);
return;
}
if (session == null) {
containerLog.warn(sm.getString("singleSignOn.sessionExpire.sessionNotFound", key));
return;
}
session.expire();
}
/**
* Attempts reauthentication to the given <code>Realm</code> using
* the credentials associated with the single sign-on session
* identified by argument <code>ssoId</code>.
* <p>
* If reauthentication is successful, the <code>Principal</code> and
* authorization type associated with the SSO session will be bound
* to the given <code>Request</code> object via calls to
* {@link Request#setAuthType Request.setAuthType()} and
* {@link Request#setUserPrincipal Request.setUserPrincipal()}
* </p>
*
* @param ssoId identifier of SingleSignOn session with which the
* caller is associated
* @param realm Realm implementation against which the caller is to
* be authenticated
* @param request the request that needs to be authenticated
*
* @return <code>true</code> if reauthentication was successful,
* <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
protected boolean reauthenticate(String ssoId, Realm realm,
Request request) {
if (ssoId == null || realm == null) {
return false;
}
boolean reauthenticated = false;
SingleSignOnEntry entry = cache.get(ssoId);
if (entry != null && entry.getCanReauthenticate()) {
String username = entry.getUsername();
if (username != null) {
Principal reauthPrincipal =
realm.authenticate(username, entry.getPassword());
if (reauthPrincipal != null) {
reauthenticated = true;
// Bind the authorization credentials to the request
request.setAuthType(entry.getAuthType());
request.setUserPrincipal(reauthPrincipal);
}
}
}
return reauthenticated;
}
/**
* Register the specified Principal as being associated with the specified
* value for the single sign on identifier.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier to register
* @param principal Associated user principal that is identified
* @param authType Authentication type used to authenticate this
* user principal
* @param username Username used to authenticate this user
* @param password Password used to authenticate this user
*/
protected void register(String ssoId, Principal principal, String authType,
String username, String password) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.register", ssoId,
principal != null ? principal.getName() : "", authType));
}
cache.put(ssoId, new SingleSignOnEntry(principal, authType, username, password));
}
/**
* Updates any <code>SingleSignOnEntry</code> found under key
* <code>ssoId</code> with the given authentication data.
* <p>
* The purpose of this method is to allow an SSO entry that was
* established without a username/password combination (i.e. established
* following DIGEST or CLIENT_CERT authentication) to be updated with
* a username and password if one becomes available through a subsequent
* BASIC or FORM authentication. The SSO entry will then be usable for
* reauthentication.
* <p>
* <b>NOTE:</b> Only updates the SSO entry if a call to
* <code>SingleSignOnEntry.getCanReauthenticate()</code> returns
* <code>false</code>; otherwise, it is assumed that the SSO entry already
* has sufficient information to allow reauthentication and that no update
* is needed.
*
* @param ssoId identifier of Single sign to be updated
* @param principal the <code>Principal</code> returned by the latest
* call to <code>Realm.authenticate</code>.
* @param authType the type of authenticator used (BASIC, CLIENT_CERT,
* DIGEST or FORM)
* @param username the username (if any) used for the authentication
* @param password the password (if any) used for the authentication
*
* @return <code>true</code> if the credentials were updated, otherwise
* <code>false</code>
*/
protected boolean update(String ssoId, Principal principal, String authType,
String username, String password) {
SingleSignOnEntry sso = cache.get(ssoId);
if (sso != null && !sso.getCanReauthenticate()) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.update", ssoId, authType));
}
sso.updateCredentials(principal, authType, username, password);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Remove a single Session from a SingleSignOn. Called when
* a session is timed out and no longer active.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier from which to remove the session.
* @param session the session to be removed.
*/
protected void removeSession(String ssoId, Session session) {
if (containerLog.isDebugEnabled()) {
containerLog.debug(sm.getString("singleSignOn.debug.removeSession", session, ssoId));
}
// Get a reference to the SingleSignOn
SingleSignOnEntry entry = cache.get(ssoId);
if (entry == null) {
return;
}
// Remove the inactive session from SingleSignOnEntry
entry.removeSession(session);
// If there are not sessions left in the SingleSignOnEntry,
// deregister the entry.
if (entry.findSessions().size() == 0) {
deregister(ssoId);
}
}
protected SessionListener getSessionListener(String ssoId) {
return new SingleSignOnListener(ssoId);
}
@Override
protected synchronized void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
Container c = getContainer();
while (c != null && !(c instanceof Engine)) {
c = c.getParent();
}
if (c instanceof Engine) {
engine = (Engine) c;
}
super.startInternal();
}
@Override
protected synchronized void stopInternal() throws LifecycleException {
super.stopInternal();
engine = null;
}
}