/* * @(#)PrintStream.java 1.29 06/10/13 * * Copyright 1990-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version * 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * General Public License version 2 for more details (a copy is * included at /legal/license.txt). * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * version 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA * 02110-1301 USA * * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa * Clara, CA 95054 or visit www.sun.com if you need additional * information or have any questions. * */ package java.io; /** * A <code>PrintStream</code> adds functionality to another output stream, * namely the ability to print representations of various data values * conveniently. Two other features are provided as well. Unlike other output * streams, a <code>PrintStream</code> never throws an * <code>IOException</code>; instead, exceptional situations merely set an * internal flag that can be tested via the <code>checkError</code> method. * Optionally, a <code>PrintStream</code> can be created so as to flush * automatically; this means that the <code>flush</code> method is * automatically invoked after a byte array is written, one of the * <code>println</code> methods is invoked, or a newline character or byte * (<code>'\n'</code>) is written. * * <p> All characters printed by a <code>PrintStream</code> are converted into * bytes using the platform's default character encoding. The <code>{@link * PrintWriter}</code> class should be used in situations that require writing * characters rather than bytes. * * @version 1.21, 00/02/02 * @author Mark Reinhold * @since JDK1.0 */ public class PrintStream extends FilterOutputStream { private boolean autoFlush = false; private boolean trouble = false; /** * Track both the text- and character-output streams, so that their buffers * can be flushed without flushing the entire stream. */ private BufferedWriter textOut; private OutputStreamWriter charOut; /** * Create a new print stream. This stream will not flush automatically. * * @param out The output stream to which values and objects will be * printed * * @see java.io.PrintWriter#PrintWriter(java.io.OutputStream) */ public PrintStream(OutputStream out) { this(out, false); } /* Initialization is factored into a private constructor (note the swapped * parameters so that this one isn't confused with the public one) and a * separate init method so that the following two public constructors can * share code. We use a separate init method so that the constructor that * takes an encoding will throw an NPE for a null stream before it throws * an UnsupportedEncodingException for an unsupported encoding. */ private PrintStream(boolean autoFlush, OutputStream out) { super(out); if (out == null) throw new NullPointerException("Null output stream"); this.autoFlush = autoFlush; } private void init(OutputStreamWriter osw) { this.charOut = osw; this.textOut = new BufferedWriter(osw); } /** * Create a new print stream. * * @param out The output stream to which values and objects will be * printed * @param autoFlush A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed * whenever a byte array is written, one of the * <code>println</code> methods is invoked, or a newline * character or byte (<code>'\n'</code>) is written * * @see java.io.PrintWriter#PrintWriter(java.io.OutputStream, boolean) */ public PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush) { this(autoFlush, out); init(new OutputStreamWriter(this)); } /** * Create a new print stream. * * @param out The output stream to which values and objects will be * printed * @param autoFlush A boolean; if true, the output buffer will be flushed * whenever a byte array is written, one of the * <code>println</code> methods is invoked, or a newline * character or byte (<code>'\n'</code>) is written * @param encoding The name of a supported * <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc"> * character encoding</a> * * @exception UnsupportedEncodingException * If the named encoding is not supported */ public PrintStream(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush, String encoding) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { this(autoFlush, out); init(new OutputStreamWriter(this, encoding)); } /** Check to make sure that the stream has not been closed */ private void ensureOpen() throws IOException { if (out == null) throw new IOException("Stream closed"); } /** * Flush the stream. This is done by writing any buffered output bytes to * the underlying output stream and then flushing that stream. * * @see java.io.OutputStream#flush() */ public void flush() { synchronized (this) { try { ensureOpen(); out.flush(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } } private boolean closing = false; /* To avoid recursive closing */ /** * Close the stream. This is done by flushing the stream and then closing * the underlying output stream. * * @see java.io.OutputStream#close() */ public void close() { synchronized (this) { if (! closing) { closing = true; try { textOut.close(); out.close(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } textOut = null; charOut = null; out = null; } } } /** * Flush the stream and check its error state. The internal error state * is set to <code>true</code> when the underlying output stream throws an * <code>IOException</code> other than <code>InterruptedIOException</code>, * and when the <code>setError</code> method is invoked. If an operation * on the underlying output stream throws an * <code>InterruptedIOException</code>, then the <code>PrintStream</code> * converts the exception back into an interrupt by doing: * <pre> * Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); * </pre> * or the equivalent. * * @return True if and only if this stream has encountered an * <code>IOException</code> other than * <code>InterruptedIOException</code>, or the * <code>setError</code> method has been invoked */ public boolean checkError() { if (out != null) flush(); return trouble; } /** * Set the error state of the stream to <code>true</code>. * * @since JDK1.1 */ protected void setError() { trouble = true; } /* * Exception-catching, synchronized output operations, * which also implement the write() methods of OutputStream */ /** * Write the specified byte to this stream. If the byte is a newline and * automatic flushing is enabled then the <code>flush</code> method will be * invoked. * * <p> Note that the byte is written as given; to write a character that * will be translated according to the platform's default character * encoding, use the <code>print(char)</code> or <code>println(char)</code> * methods. * * @param b The byte to be written * @see #print(char) * @see #println(char) */ public void write(int b) { try { synchronized (this) { ensureOpen(); out.write(b); if ((b == '\n') && autoFlush) out.flush(); } } catch (InterruptedIOException x) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } /** * Write <code>len</code> bytes from the specified byte array starting at * offset <code>off</code> to this stream. If automatic flushing is * enabled then the <code>flush</code> method will be invoked. * * <p> Note that the bytes will be written as given; to write characters * that will be translated according to the platform's default character * encoding, use the <code>print(char)</code> or <code>println(char)</code> * methods. * * @param buf A byte array * @param off Offset from which to start taking bytes * @param len Number of bytes to write */ public void write(byte buf[], int off, int len) { try { synchronized (this) { ensureOpen(); out.write(buf, off, len); if (autoFlush) out.flush(); } } catch (InterruptedIOException x) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } /* * The following private methods on the text- and character-output streams * always flush the stream buffers, so that writes to the underlying byte * stream occur as promptly as with the original PrintStream. */ private void write(char buf[]) { try { synchronized (this) { ensureOpen(); textOut.write(buf); textOut.flushBuffer(); charOut.flushBuffer(); if (autoFlush) { for (int i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) if (buf[i] == '\n') out.flush(); } } } catch (InterruptedIOException x) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } private void write(String s) { try { synchronized (this) { ensureOpen(); textOut.write(s); textOut.flushBuffer(); charOut.flushBuffer(); if (autoFlush && (s.indexOf('\n') >= 0)) out.flush(); } } catch (InterruptedIOException x) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } private void newLine() { try { synchronized (this) { ensureOpen(); textOut.newLine(); textOut.flushBuffer(); charOut.flushBuffer(); if (autoFlush) out.flush(); } } catch (InterruptedIOException x) { Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } catch (IOException x) { trouble = true; } } /* Methods that do not terminate lines */ /** * Print a boolean value. The string produced by <code>{@link * java.lang.String#valueOf(boolean)}</code> is translated into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param b The <code>boolean</code> to be printed */ public void print(boolean b) { write(b ? "true" : "false"); } /** * Print a character. The character is translated into one or more bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param c The <code>char</code> to be printed */ public void print(char c) { write(String.valueOf(c)); } /** * Print an integer. The string produced by <code>{@link * java.lang.String#valueOf(int)}</code> is translated into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param i The <code>int</code> to be printed * @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int) */ public void print(int i) { write(String.valueOf(i)); } /** * Print a long integer. The string produced by <code>{@link * java.lang.String#valueOf(long)}</code> is translated into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param l The <code>long</code> to be printed * @see java.lang.Long#toString(long) */ public void print(long l) { write(String.valueOf(l)); } /** * Print a floating-point number. The string produced by <code>{@link * java.lang.String#valueOf(float)}</code> is translated into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param f The <code>float</code> to be printed * @see java.lang.Float#toString(float) */ public void print(float f) { write(String.valueOf(f)); } /** * Print a double-precision floating-point number. The string produced by * <code>{@link java.lang.String#valueOf(double)}</code> is translated into * bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these * bytes are written in exactly the manner of the <code>{@link * #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param d The <code>double</code> to be printed * @see java.lang.Double#toString(double) */ public void print(double d) { write(String.valueOf(d)); } /** * Print an array of characters. The characters are converted into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param s The array of chars to be printed * * @throws NullPointerException If <code>s</code> is <code>null</code> */ public void print(char s[]) { write(s); } /** * Print a string. If the argument is <code>null</code> then the string * <code>"null"</code> is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are * converted into bytes according to the platform's default character * encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param s The <code>String</code> to be printed */ public void print(String s) { if (s == null) { s = "null"; } write(s); } /** * Print an object. The string produced by the <code>{@link * java.lang.String#valueOf(Object)}</code> method is translated into bytes * according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes * are written in exactly the manner of the * <code>{@link #write(int)}</code> method. * * @param obj The <code>Object</code> to be printed * @see java.lang.Object#toString() */ public void print(Object obj) { write(String.valueOf(obj)); } /* Methods that do terminate lines */ /** * Terminate the current line by writing the line separator string. The * line separator string is defined by the system property * <code>line.separator</code>, and is not necessarily a single newline * character (<code>'\n'</code>). */ public void println() { newLine(); } /** * Print a boolean and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(boolean)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>boolean</code> to be printed */ public void println(boolean x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print a character and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(char)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>char</code> to be printed. */ public void println(char x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print an integer and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(int)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>int</code> to be printed. */ public void println(int x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print a long and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(long)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x a The <code>long</code> to be printed. */ public void println(long x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print a float and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(float)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>float</code> to be printed. */ public void println(float x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print a double and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(double)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>double</code> to be printed. */ public void println(double x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print an array of characters and then terminate the line. This method * behaves as though it invokes <code>{@link #print(char[])}</code> and * then <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x an array of chars to print. */ public void println(char x[]) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print a String and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(String)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>String</code> to be printed. */ public void println(String x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } /** * Print an Object and then terminate the line. This method behaves as * though it invokes <code>{@link #print(Object)}</code> and then * <code>{@link #println()}</code>. * * @param x The <code>Object</code> to be printed. */ public void println(Object x) { synchronized (this) { print(x); newLine(); } } }