/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.ReconfigurationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReader;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.BlockReaderFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.ClientContext;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSConfigKeys;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSTestUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.HdfsConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.MiniDFSCluster;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.RemotePeerFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.client.impl.DfsClientConf;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.Peer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.net.TcpPeerServer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.Block;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.BlockListAsLongs;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.DatanodeID;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.DatanodeInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.ExtendedBlock;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.LocatedBlock;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.security.token.block.BlockTokenIdentifier;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.blockmanagement.BlockManagerTestUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.HdfsServerConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.fsdataset.FsDatasetSpi;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.fsdataset.FsVolumeSpi;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.fsdataset.impl.FsDatasetTestUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.DatanodeRegistration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.DatanodeStorage;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.NamenodeProtocols;
import org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.protocol.StorageBlockReport;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.security.token.Token;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
/**
* Fine-grain testing of block files and locations after volume failure.
*/
public class TestDataNodeVolumeFailure {
final private int block_size = 512;
MiniDFSCluster cluster = null;
private Configuration conf;
final int dn_num = 2;
final int blocks_num = 30;
final short repl=2;
File dataDir = null;
File data_fail = null;
File failedDir = null;
private FileSystem fs;
// mapping blocks to Meta files(physical files) and locs(NameNode locations)
private class BlockLocs {
public int num_files = 0;
public int num_locs = 0;
}
// block id to BlockLocs
final Map<String, BlockLocs> block_map = new HashMap<String, BlockLocs> ();
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
// bring up a cluster of 2
conf = new HdfsConfiguration();
conf.setLong(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_BLOCK_SIZE_KEY, block_size);
// Allow a single volume failure (there are two volumes)
conf.setInt(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_FAILED_VOLUMES_TOLERATED_KEY, 1);
cluster = new MiniDFSCluster.Builder(conf).numDataNodes(dn_num).build();
cluster.waitActive();
fs = cluster.getFileSystem();
dataDir = new File(cluster.getDataDirectory());
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
if(data_fail != null) {
FileUtil.setWritable(data_fail, true);
}
if(failedDir != null) {
FileUtil.setWritable(failedDir, true);
}
if(cluster != null) {
cluster.shutdown();
}
}
/*
* Verify the number of blocks and files are correct after volume failure,
* and that we can replicate to both datanodes even after a single volume
* failure if the configuration parameter allows this.
*/
@Test
public void testVolumeFailure() throws Exception {
System.out.println("Data dir: is " + dataDir.getPath());
// Data dir structure is dataDir/data[1-4]/[current,tmp...]
// data1,2 is for datanode 1, data2,3 - datanode2
String filename = "/test.txt";
Path filePath = new Path(filename);
// we use only small number of blocks to avoid creating subdirs in the data dir..
int filesize = block_size*blocks_num;
DFSTestUtil.createFile(fs, filePath, filesize, repl, 1L);
DFSTestUtil.waitReplication(fs, filePath, repl);
System.out.println("file " + filename + "(size " +
filesize + ") is created and replicated");
// fail the volume
// delete/make non-writable one of the directories (failed volume)
data_fail = new File(dataDir, "data3");
failedDir = MiniDFSCluster.getFinalizedDir(dataDir,
cluster.getNamesystem().getBlockPoolId());
if (failedDir.exists() &&
//!FileUtil.fullyDelete(failedDir)
!deteteBlocks(failedDir)
) {
throw new IOException("Could not delete hdfs directory '" + failedDir + "'");
}
data_fail.setReadOnly();
failedDir.setReadOnly();
System.out.println("Deleteing " + failedDir.getPath() + "; exist=" + failedDir.exists());
// access all the blocks on the "failed" DataNode,
// we need to make sure that the "failed" volume is being accessed -
// and that will cause failure, blocks removal, "emergency" block report
triggerFailure(filename, filesize);
// make sure a block report is sent
DataNode dn = cluster.getDataNodes().get(1); //corresponds to dir data3
String bpid = cluster.getNamesystem().getBlockPoolId();
DatanodeRegistration dnR = dn.getDNRegistrationForBP(bpid);
Map<DatanodeStorage, BlockListAsLongs> perVolumeBlockLists =
dn.getFSDataset().getBlockReports(bpid);
// Send block report
StorageBlockReport[] reports =
new StorageBlockReport[perVolumeBlockLists.size()];
int reportIndex = 0;
for(Map.Entry<DatanodeStorage, BlockListAsLongs> kvPair : perVolumeBlockLists.entrySet()) {
DatanodeStorage dnStorage = kvPair.getKey();
BlockListAsLongs blockList = kvPair.getValue();
reports[reportIndex++] =
new StorageBlockReport(dnStorage, blockList);
}
cluster.getNameNodeRpc().blockReport(dnR, bpid, reports, null);
// verify number of blocks and files...
verify(filename, filesize);
// create another file (with one volume failed).
System.out.println("creating file test1.txt");
Path fileName1 = new Path("/test1.txt");
DFSTestUtil.createFile(fs, fileName1, filesize, repl, 1L);
// should be able to replicate to both nodes (2 DN, repl=2)
DFSTestUtil.waitReplication(fs, fileName1, repl);
System.out.println("file " + fileName1.getName() +
" is created and replicated");
}
/**
* Test that DataStorage and BlockPoolSliceStorage remove the failed volume
* after failure.
*/
@Test(timeout=150000)
public void testFailedVolumeBeingRemovedFromDataNode()
throws InterruptedException, IOException, TimeoutException {
// The test uses DataNodeTestUtils#injectDataDirFailure() to simulate
// volume failures which is currently not supported on Windows.
assumeTrue(!Path.WINDOWS);
Path file1 = new Path("/test1");
DFSTestUtil.createFile(fs, file1, 1024, (short) 2, 1L);
DFSTestUtil.waitReplication(fs, file1, (short) 2);
File dn0Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 1));
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol1);
DataNode dn0 = cluster.getDataNodes().get(0);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
// Verify dn0Vol1 has been completely removed from DN0.
// 1. dn0Vol1 is removed from DataStorage.
DataStorage storage = dn0.getStorage();
assertEquals(1, storage.getNumStorageDirs());
for (int i = 0; i < storage.getNumStorageDirs(); i++) {
Storage.StorageDirectory sd = storage.getStorageDir(i);
assertFalse(sd.getRoot().getAbsolutePath().startsWith(
dn0Vol1.getAbsolutePath()
));
}
final String bpid = cluster.getNamesystem().getBlockPoolId();
BlockPoolSliceStorage bpsStorage = storage.getBPStorage(bpid);
assertEquals(1, bpsStorage.getNumStorageDirs());
for (int i = 0; i < bpsStorage.getNumStorageDirs(); i++) {
Storage.StorageDirectory sd = bpsStorage.getStorageDir(i);
assertFalse(sd.getRoot().getAbsolutePath().startsWith(
dn0Vol1.getAbsolutePath()
));
}
// 2. dn0Vol1 is removed from FsDataset
FsDatasetSpi<? extends FsVolumeSpi> data = dn0.getFSDataset();
try (FsDatasetSpi.FsVolumeReferences vols = data.getFsVolumeReferences()) {
for (FsVolumeSpi volume : vols) {
assertNotEquals(new File(volume.getBasePath()).getAbsoluteFile(),
dn0Vol1.getAbsoluteFile());
}
}
// 3. all blocks on dn0Vol1 have been removed.
for (ReplicaInfo replica : FsDatasetTestUtil.getReplicas(data, bpid)) {
assertNotNull(replica.getVolume());
assertNotEquals(
new File(replica.getVolume().getBasePath()).getAbsoluteFile(),
dn0Vol1.getAbsoluteFile());
}
// 4. dn0Vol1 is not in DN0's configuration and dataDirs anymore.
String[] dataDirStrs =
dn0.getConf().get(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY).split(",");
assertEquals(1, dataDirStrs.length);
assertFalse(dataDirStrs[0].contains(dn0Vol1.getAbsolutePath()));
}
private static void checkDiskErrorSync(DataNode dn)
throws InterruptedException {
final long lastDiskErrorCheck = dn.getLastDiskErrorCheck();
dn.checkDiskErrorAsync();
// Wait 10 seconds for checkDiskError thread to finish and discover volume
// failures.
int count = 100;
while (count > 0 && dn.getLastDiskErrorCheck() == lastDiskErrorCheck) {
Thread.sleep(100);
count--;
}
assertTrue("Disk checking thread does not finish in 10 seconds",
count > 0);
}
/**
* Test DataNode stops when the number of failed volumes exceeds
* dfs.datanode.failed.volumes.tolerated .
*/
@Test(timeout=10000)
public void testDataNodeShutdownAfterNumFailedVolumeExceedsTolerated()
throws InterruptedException, IOException {
// make both data directories to fail on dn0
final File dn0Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 1));
final File dn0Vol2 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 2));
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol1, dn0Vol2);
DataNode dn0 = cluster.getDataNodes().get(0);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
// DN0 should stop after the number of failure disks exceed tolerated
// value (1).
assertFalse(dn0.shouldRun());
}
/**
* Test that DN does not shutdown, as long as failure volumes being hot swapped.
*/
@Test
public void testVolumeFailureRecoveredByHotSwappingVolume()
throws InterruptedException, ReconfigurationException, IOException {
final File dn0Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 1));
final File dn0Vol2 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 2));
final DataNode dn0 = cluster.getDataNodes().get(0);
final String oldDataDirs = dn0.getConf().get(
DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY);
// Fail dn0Vol1 first.
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol1);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
// Hot swap out the failure volume.
String dataDirs = dn0Vol2.getPath();
dn0.reconfigurePropertyImpl(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY,
dataDirs);
// Fix failure volume dn0Vol1 and remount it back.
DataNodeTestUtils.restoreDataDirFromFailure(dn0Vol1);
dn0.reconfigurePropertyImpl(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY,
oldDataDirs);
// Fail dn0Vol2. Now since dn0Vol1 has been fixed, DN0 has sufficient
// resources, thus it should keep running.
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol2);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
assertTrue(dn0.shouldRun());
}
/**
* Test changing the number of volumes does not impact the disk failure
* tolerance.
*/
@Test
public void testTolerateVolumeFailuresAfterAddingMoreVolumes()
throws InterruptedException, ReconfigurationException, IOException {
final File dn0Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 1));
final File dn0Vol2 = new File(dataDir, "data" + (2 * 0 + 2));
final File dn0VolNew = new File(dataDir, "data_new");
final DataNode dn0 = cluster.getDataNodes().get(0);
final String oldDataDirs = dn0.getConf().get(
DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY);
// Add a new volume to DN0
dn0.reconfigurePropertyImpl(DFSConfigKeys.DFS_DATANODE_DATA_DIR_KEY,
oldDataDirs + "," + dn0VolNew.getAbsolutePath());
// Fail dn0Vol1 first and hot swap it.
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol1);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
assertTrue(dn0.shouldRun());
// Fail dn0Vol2, now dn0 should stop, because we only tolerate 1 disk failure.
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn0Vol2);
checkDiskErrorSync(dn0);
assertFalse(dn0.shouldRun());
}
/**
* Test that there are under replication blocks after vol failures
*/
@Test
public void testUnderReplicationAfterVolFailure() throws Exception {
// The test uses DataNodeTestUtils#injectDataDirFailure() to simulate
// volume failures which is currently not supported on Windows.
assumeTrue(!Path.WINDOWS);
// Bring up one more datanode
cluster.startDataNodes(conf, 1, true, null, null);
cluster.waitActive();
final BlockManager bm = cluster.getNamesystem().getBlockManager();
Path file1 = new Path("/test1");
DFSTestUtil.createFile(fs, file1, 1024, (short)3, 1L);
DFSTestUtil.waitReplication(fs, file1, (short)3);
// Fail the first volume on both datanodes
File dn1Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data"+(2*0+1));
File dn2Vol1 = new File(dataDir, "data"+(2*1+1));
DataNodeTestUtils.injectDataDirFailure(dn1Vol1, dn2Vol1);
Path file2 = new Path("/test2");
DFSTestUtil.createFile(fs, file2, 1024, (short)3, 1L);
DFSTestUtil.waitReplication(fs, file2, (short)3);
// underReplicatedBlocks are due to failed volumes
int underReplicatedBlocks =
BlockManagerTestUtil.checkHeartbeatAndGetUnderReplicatedBlocksCount(
cluster.getNamesystem(), bm);
assertTrue("There is no under replicated block after volume failure",
underReplicatedBlocks > 0);
}
/**
* verifies two things:
* 1. number of locations of each block in the name node
* matches number of actual files
* 2. block files + pending block equals to total number of blocks that a file has
* including the replication (HDFS file has 30 blocks, repl=2 - total 60
* @param fn - file name
* @param fs - file size
* @throws IOException
*/
private void verify(String fn, int fs) throws IOException{
// now count how many physical blocks are there
int totalReal = countRealBlocks(block_map);
System.out.println("countRealBlocks counted " + totalReal + " blocks");
// count how many blocks store in NN structures.
int totalNN = countNNBlocks(block_map, fn, fs);
System.out.println("countNNBlocks counted " + totalNN + " blocks");
for(String bid : block_map.keySet()) {
BlockLocs bl = block_map.get(bid);
// System.out.println(bid + "->" + bl.num_files + "vs." + bl.num_locs);
// number of physical files (1 or 2) should be same as number of datanodes
// in the list of the block locations
assertEquals("Num files should match num locations",
bl.num_files, bl.num_locs);
}
assertEquals("Num physical blocks should match num stored in the NN",
totalReal, totalNN);
// now check the number of under-replicated blocks
FSNamesystem fsn = cluster.getNamesystem();
// force update of all the metric counts by calling computeDatanodeWork
BlockManagerTestUtil.getComputedDatanodeWork(fsn.getBlockManager());
// get all the counts
long underRepl = fsn.getUnderReplicatedBlocks();
long pendRepl = fsn.getPendingReplicationBlocks();
long totalRepl = underRepl + pendRepl;
System.out.println("underreplicated after = "+ underRepl +
" and pending repl =" + pendRepl + "; total underRepl = " + totalRepl);
System.out.println("total blocks (real and replicating):" +
(totalReal + totalRepl) + " vs. all files blocks " + blocks_num*2);
// together all the blocks should be equal to all real + all underreplicated
assertEquals("Incorrect total block count",
totalReal + totalRepl, blocks_num * repl);
}
/**
* go to each block on the 2nd DataNode until it fails...
* @param path
* @param size
* @throws IOException
*/
private void triggerFailure(String path, long size) throws IOException {
NamenodeProtocols nn = cluster.getNameNodeRpc();
List<LocatedBlock> locatedBlocks =
nn.getBlockLocations(path, 0, size).getLocatedBlocks();
for (LocatedBlock lb : locatedBlocks) {
DatanodeInfo dinfo = lb.getLocations()[1];
ExtendedBlock b = lb.getBlock();
try {
accessBlock(dinfo, lb);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Failure triggered, on block: " + b.getBlockId() +
"; corresponding volume should be removed by now");
break;
}
}
}
/**
* simulate failure delete all the block files
* @param dir
* @throws IOException
*/
private boolean deteteBlocks(File dir) {
File [] fileList = dir.listFiles();
for(File f : fileList) {
if(f.getName().startsWith(Block.BLOCK_FILE_PREFIX)) {
if(!f.delete())
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* try to access a block on a data node. If fails - throws exception
* @param datanode
* @param lblock
* @throws IOException
*/
private void accessBlock(DatanodeInfo datanode, LocatedBlock lblock)
throws IOException {
InetSocketAddress targetAddr = null;
ExtendedBlock block = lblock.getBlock();
targetAddr = NetUtils.createSocketAddr(datanode.getXferAddr());
BlockReader blockReader = new BlockReaderFactory(new DfsClientConf(conf)).
setInetSocketAddress(targetAddr).
setBlock(block).
setFileName(BlockReaderFactory.getFileName(targetAddr,
"test-blockpoolid", block.getBlockId())).
setBlockToken(lblock.getBlockToken()).
setStartOffset(0).
setLength(-1).
setVerifyChecksum(true).
setClientName("TestDataNodeVolumeFailure").
setDatanodeInfo(datanode).
setCachingStrategy(CachingStrategy.newDefaultStrategy()).
setClientCacheContext(ClientContext.getFromConf(conf)).
setConfiguration(conf).
setRemotePeerFactory(new RemotePeerFactory() {
@Override
public Peer newConnectedPeer(InetSocketAddress addr,
Token<BlockTokenIdentifier> blockToken, DatanodeID datanodeId)
throws IOException {
Peer peer = null;
Socket sock = NetUtils.getDefaultSocketFactory(conf).createSocket();
try {
sock.connect(addr, HdfsServerConstants.READ_TIMEOUT);
sock.setSoTimeout(HdfsServerConstants.READ_TIMEOUT);
peer = TcpPeerServer.peerFromSocket(sock);
} finally {
if (peer == null) {
IOUtils.closeSocket(sock);
}
}
return peer;
}
}).
build();
blockReader.close();
}
/**
* Count datanodes that have copies of the blocks for a file
* put it into the map
* @param map
* @param path
* @param size
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
private int countNNBlocks(Map<String, BlockLocs> map, String path, long size)
throws IOException {
int total = 0;
NamenodeProtocols nn = cluster.getNameNodeRpc();
List<LocatedBlock> locatedBlocks =
nn.getBlockLocations(path, 0, size).getLocatedBlocks();
//System.out.println("Number of blocks: " + locatedBlocks.size());
for(LocatedBlock lb : locatedBlocks) {
String blockId = ""+lb.getBlock().getBlockId();
//System.out.print(blockId + ": ");
DatanodeInfo[] dn_locs = lb.getLocations();
BlockLocs bl = map.get(blockId);
if(bl == null) {
bl = new BlockLocs();
}
//System.out.print(dn_info.name+",");
total += dn_locs.length;
bl.num_locs += dn_locs.length;
map.put(blockId, bl);
//System.out.println();
}
return total;
}
/**
* look for real blocks
* by counting *.meta files in all the storage dirs
* @param map
* @return
*/
private int countRealBlocks(Map<String, BlockLocs> map) {
int total = 0;
final String bpid = cluster.getNamesystem().getBlockPoolId();
for(int i=0; i<dn_num; i++) {
for(int j=0; j<=1; j++) {
File storageDir = cluster.getInstanceStorageDir(i, j);
File dir = MiniDFSCluster.getFinalizedDir(storageDir, bpid);
if(dir == null) {
System.out.println("dir is null for dn=" + i + " and data_dir=" + j);
continue;
}
List<File> res = MiniDFSCluster.getAllBlockMetadataFiles(dir);
if(res == null) {
System.out.println("res is null for dir = " + dir + " i=" + i + " and j=" + j);
continue;
}
//System.out.println("for dn" + i + "." + j + ": " + dir + "=" + res.length+ " files");
//int ii = 0;
for(File f: res) {
String s = f.getName();
// cut off "blk_-" at the beginning and ".meta" at the end
assertNotNull("Block file name should not be null", s);
String bid = s.substring(s.indexOf("_")+1, s.lastIndexOf("_"));
//System.out.println(ii++ + ". block " + s + "; id=" + bid);
BlockLocs val = map.get(bid);
if(val == null) {
val = new BlockLocs();
}
val.num_files ++; // one more file for the block
map.put(bid, val);
}
//System.out.println("dir1="+dir.getPath() + "blocks=" + res.length);
//System.out.println("dir2="+dir2.getPath() + "blocks=" + res2.length);
total += res.size();
}
}
return total;
}
}