/*
* Copyright (C) 2007 The Guava Authors
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.common.util.concurrent;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Queues;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* Factory and utility methods for {@link java.util.concurrent.Executor}, {@link
* ExecutorService}, and {@link ThreadFactory}.
*
* @author Eric Fellheimer
* @author Kyle Littlefield
* @author Justin Mahoney
* @since 3.0
*/
public final class MoreExecutors {
private MoreExecutors() {}
/**
* Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into an ExecutorService that exits
* when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads and
* adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
*
* <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
* See {@link Executors#newFixedThreadPool(int)}.
*
* @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
* application is finished
* @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to
* finish before terminating the JVM
* @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
* @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
*/
@Beta
public static ExecutorService getExitingExecutorService(
ThreadPoolExecutor executor, long terminationTimeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
executor.setThreadFactory(new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setDaemon(true)
.setThreadFactory(executor.getThreadFactory())
.build());
ExecutorService service = Executors.unconfigurableExecutorService(executor);
addDelayedShutdownHook(service, terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
return service;
}
/**
* Converts the given ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor into a
* ScheduledExecutorService that exits when the application is complete. It
* does so by using daemon threads and adding a shutdown hook to wait for
* their completion.
*
* <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
* See {@link Executors#newScheduledThreadPool(int)}.
*
* @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
* application is finished
* @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to
* finish before terminating the JVM
* @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
* @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
*/
@Beta
public static ScheduledExecutorService getExitingScheduledExecutorService(
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor, long terminationTimeout,
TimeUnit timeUnit) {
executor.setThreadFactory(new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setDaemon(true)
.setThreadFactory(executor.getThreadFactory())
.build());
ScheduledExecutorService service =
Executors.unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService(executor);
addDelayedShutdownHook(service, terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
return service;
}
/**
* Add a shutdown hook to wait for thread completion in the given
* {@link ExecutorService service}. This is useful if the given service uses
* daemon threads, and we want to keep the JVM from exiting immediately on
* shutdown, instead giving these daemon threads a chance to terminate
* normally.
* @param service ExecutorService which uses daemon threads
* @param terminationTimeout how long to wait for the executor to finish
* before terminating the JVM
* @param timeUnit unit of time for the time parameter
*/
@Beta
public static void addDelayedShutdownHook(
final ExecutorService service, final long terminationTimeout,
final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// We'd like to log progress and failures that may arise in the
// following code, but unfortunately the behavior of logging
// is undefined in shutdown hooks.
// This is because the logging code installs a shutdown hook of its
// own. See Cleaner class inside {@link LogManager}.
service.shutdown();
service.awaitTermination(terminationTimeout, timeUnit);
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
// We're shutting down anyway, so just ignore.
}
}
}, "DelayedShutdownHook-for-" + service));
}
/**
* Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into an ExecutorService that exits
* when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads and
* adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
*
* <p>This method waits 120 seconds before continuing with JVM termination,
* even if the executor has not finished its work.
*
* <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
* See {@link Executors#newFixedThreadPool(int)}.
*
* @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
* application is finished
* @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
*/
@Beta
public static ExecutorService getExitingExecutorService(
ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
return getExitingExecutorService(executor, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
/**
* Converts the given ThreadPoolExecutor into a ScheduledExecutorService that
* exits when the application is complete. It does so by using daemon threads
* and adding a shutdown hook to wait for their completion.
*
* <p>This method waits 120 seconds before continuing with JVM termination,
* even if the executor has not finished its work.
*
* <p>This is mainly for fixed thread pools.
* See {@link Executors#newScheduledThreadPool(int)}.
*
* @param executor the executor to modify to make sure it exits when the
* application is finished
* @return an unmodifiable version of the input which will not hang the JVM
*/
@Beta
public static ScheduledExecutorService getExitingScheduledExecutorService(
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
return getExitingScheduledExecutorService(executor, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
/**
* Creates an executor service that runs each task in the thread
* that invokes {@code execute/submit}, as in {@link CallerRunsPolicy} This
* applies both to individually submitted tasks and to collections of tasks
* submitted via {@code invokeAll} or {@code invokeAny}. In the latter case,
* tasks will run serially on the calling thread. Tasks are run to
* completion before a {@code Future} is returned to the caller (unless the
* executor has been shutdown).
*
* <p>Although all tasks are immediately executed in the thread that
* submitted the task, this {@code ExecutorService} imposes a small
* locking overhead on each task submission in order to implement shutdown
* and termination behavior.
*
* <p>The implementation deviates from the {@code ExecutorService}
* specification with regards to the {@code shutdownNow} method. First,
* "best-effort" with regards to canceling running tasks is implemented
* as "no-effort". No interrupts or other attempts are made to stop
* threads executing tasks. Second, the returned list will always be empty,
* as any submitted task is considered to have started execution.
* This applies also to tasks given to {@code invokeAll} or {@code invokeAny}
* which are pending serial execution, even the subset of the tasks that
* have not yet started execution. It is unclear from the
* {@code ExecutorService} specification if these should be included, and
* it's much easier to implement the interpretation that they not be.
* Finally, a call to {@code shutdown} or {@code shutdownNow} may result
* in concurrent calls to {@code invokeAll/invokeAny} throwing
* RejectedExecutionException, although a subset of the tasks may already
* have been executed.
*
* @since 10.0 (<a href="http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/wiki/Compatibility"
* >mostly source-compatible</a> since 3.0)
*/
public static ListeningExecutorService sameThreadExecutor() {
return new SameThreadExecutorService();
}
// See sameThreadExecutor javadoc for behavioral notes.
private static class SameThreadExecutorService
extends AbstractListeningExecutorService {
/**
* Lock used whenever accessing the state variables
* (runningTasks, shutdown, terminationCondition) of the executor
*/
private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
/** Signaled after the executor is shutdown and running tasks are done */
private final Condition termination = lock.newCondition();
/*
* Conceptually, these two variables describe the executor being in
* one of three states:
* - Active: shutdown == false
* - Shutdown: runningTasks > 0 and shutdown == true
* - Terminated: runningTasks == 0 and shutdown == true
*/
private int runningTasks = 0;
private boolean shutdown = false;
@Override
public void execute(Runnable command) {
startTask();
try {
command.run();
} finally {
endTask();
}
}
@Override
public boolean isShutdown() {
lock.lock();
try {
return shutdown;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
public void shutdown() {
lock.lock();
try {
shutdown = true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
// See sameThreadExecutor javadoc for unusual behavior of this method.
@Override
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
shutdown();
return Collections.emptyList();
}
@Override
public boolean isTerminated() {
lock.lock();
try {
return shutdown && runningTasks == 0;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
@Override
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
lock.lock();
try {
for (;;) {
if (isTerminated()) {
return true;
} else if (nanos <= 0) {
return false;
} else {
nanos = termination.awaitNanos(nanos);
}
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* Checks if the executor has been shut down and increments the running
* task count.
*
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if the executor has been previously
* shutdown
*/
private void startTask() {
lock.lock();
try {
if (isShutdown()) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException("Executor already shutdown");
}
runningTasks++;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* Decrements the running task count.
*/
private void endTask() {
lock.lock();
try {
runningTasks--;
if (isTerminated()) {
termination.signalAll();
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
/**
* Creates an {@link ExecutorService} whose {@code submit} and {@code
* invokeAll} methods submit {@link ListenableFutureTask} instances to the
* given delegate executor. Those methods, as well as {@code execute} and
* {@code invokeAny}, are implemented in terms of calls to {@code
* delegate.execute}. All other methods are forwarded unchanged to the
* delegate. This implies that the returned {@code ListeningExecutorService}
* never calls the delegate's {@code submit}, {@code invokeAll}, and {@code
* invokeAny} methods, so any special handling of tasks must be implemented in
* the delegate's {@code execute} method or by wrapping the returned {@code
* ListeningExecutorService}.
*
* <p>If the delegate executor was already an instance of {@code
* ListeningExecutorService}, it is returned untouched, and the rest of this
* documentation does not apply.
*
* @since 10.0
*/
public static ListeningExecutorService listeningDecorator(
ExecutorService delegate) {
return (delegate instanceof ListeningExecutorService)
? (ListeningExecutorService) delegate
: (delegate instanceof ScheduledExecutorService)
? new ScheduledListeningDecorator((ScheduledExecutorService) delegate)
: new ListeningDecorator(delegate);
}
/**
* Creates a {@link ScheduledExecutorService} whose {@code submit} and {@code
* invokeAll} methods submit {@link ListenableFutureTask} instances to the
* given delegate executor. Those methods, as well as {@code execute} and
* {@code invokeAny}, are implemented in terms of calls to {@code
* delegate.execute}. All other methods are forwarded unchanged to the
* delegate. This implies that the returned {@code
* SchedulingListeningExecutorService} never calls the delegate's {@code
* submit}, {@code invokeAll}, and {@code invokeAny} methods, so any special
* handling of tasks must be implemented in the delegate's {@code execute}
* method or by wrapping the returned {@code
* SchedulingListeningExecutorService}.
*
* <p>If the delegate executor was already an instance of {@code
* ListeningScheduledExecutorService}, it is returned untouched, and the rest
* of this documentation does not apply.
*
* @since 10.0
*/
public static ListeningScheduledExecutorService listeningDecorator(
ScheduledExecutorService delegate) {
return (delegate instanceof ListeningScheduledExecutorService)
? (ListeningScheduledExecutorService) delegate
: new ScheduledListeningDecorator(delegate);
}
private static class ListeningDecorator
extends AbstractListeningExecutorService {
final ExecutorService delegate;
ListeningDecorator(ExecutorService delegate) {
this.delegate = checkNotNull(delegate);
}
@Override
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return delegate.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
}
@Override
public boolean isShutdown() {
return delegate.isShutdown();
}
@Override
public boolean isTerminated() {
return delegate.isTerminated();
}
@Override
public void shutdown() {
delegate.shutdown();
}
@Override
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
return delegate.shutdownNow();
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable command) {
delegate.execute(command);
}
}
private static class ScheduledListeningDecorator
extends ListeningDecorator implements ListeningScheduledExecutorService {
@SuppressWarnings("hiding")
final ScheduledExecutorService delegate;
ScheduledListeningDecorator(ScheduledExecutorService delegate) {
super(delegate);
this.delegate = checkNotNull(delegate);
}
@Override
public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(
Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return delegate.schedule(command, delay, unit);
}
@Override
public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(
Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return delegate.schedule(callable, delay, unit);
}
@Override
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(
Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit) {
return delegate.scheduleAtFixedRate(command, initialDelay, period, unit);
}
@Override
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(
Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return delegate.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
command, initialDelay, delay, unit);
}
}
/*
* This following method is a modified version of one found in
* http://gee.cs.oswego.edu/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/jsr166/src/test/tck/AbstractExecutorServiceTest.java?revision=1.30
* which contained the following notice:
*
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
* Other contributors include Andrew Wright, Jeffrey Hayes,
* Pat Fisher, Mike Judd.
*/
/**
* An implementation of {@link ExecutorService#invokeAny} for {@link ListeningExecutorService}
* implementations.
*/ static <T> T invokeAnyImpl(ListeningExecutorService executorService,
Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks, boolean timed, long nanos)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
int ntasks = tasks.size();
checkArgument(ntasks > 0);
List<Future<T>> futures = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(ntasks);
BlockingQueue<Future<T>> futureQueue = Queues.newLinkedBlockingQueue();
// For efficiency, especially in executors with limited
// parallelism, check to see if previously submitted tasks are
// done before submitting more of them. This interleaving
// plus the exception mechanics account for messiness of main
// loop.
try {
// Record exceptions so that if we fail to obtain any
// result, we can throw the last exception we got.
ExecutionException ee = null;
long lastTime = timed ? System.nanoTime() : 0;
Iterator<? extends Callable<T>> it = tasks.iterator();
futures.add(submitAndAddQueueListener(executorService, it.next(), futureQueue));
--ntasks;
int active = 1;
for (;;) {
Future<T> f = futureQueue.poll();
if (f == null) {
if (ntasks > 0) {
--ntasks;
futures.add(submitAndAddQueueListener(executorService, it.next(), futureQueue));
++active;
} else if (active == 0) {
break;
} else if (timed) {
f = futureQueue.poll(nanos, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
if (f == null) {
throw new TimeoutException();
}
long now = System.nanoTime();
nanos -= now - lastTime;
lastTime = now;
} else {
f = futureQueue.take();
}
}
if (f != null) {
--active;
try {
return f.get();
} catch (ExecutionException eex) {
ee = eex;
} catch (RuntimeException rex) {
ee = new ExecutionException(rex);
}
}
}
if (ee == null) {
ee = new ExecutionException(null);
}
throw ee;
} finally {
for (Future<T> f : futures) {
f.cancel(true);
}
}
}
/**
* Submits the task and adds a listener that adds the future to {@code queue} when it completes.
*/
private static <T> ListenableFuture<T> submitAndAddQueueListener(
ListeningExecutorService executorService, Callable<T> task,
final BlockingQueue<Future<T>> queue) {
final ListenableFuture<T> future = executorService.submit(task);
future.addListener(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
queue.add(future);
}
}, MoreExecutors.sameThreadExecutor());
return future;
}
}