/*
* This file is part of the DiffX library.
*
* For licensing information please see the file license.txt included in the release.
* A copy of this licence can also be found at
* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license-2.0.php
*/
package com.topologi.diffx.algorithm;
import java.io.IOException;
import com.topologi.diffx.format.DiffXFormatter;
import com.topologi.diffx.sequence.EventSequence;
/**
* Performs the diff comparison using an optimized version of the linear space algorithm
* of S.Kiran Kumar and C.Pandu Rangan.
*
* <p>Implementation note: this algorithm effectively detects the correct changes in the
* sequences, but suffers from two main problems:
* <ul>
* <li>When the events are formatted directly from reading the matrix, the XML is not
* necessarily well-formed, this occurs mostly when some elements are swapped, because
* the closing tags will not necessarily reported in an order that allows the XML to
* be well-formed.<br>
* Using the {@link com.topologi.diffx.format.SmartXMLFormatter} helps in solving the
* problem as it maintains a stack of the elements that are being written and actually
* ignores the name of the closing element, so all the elements are closed properly.
* </li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>For S. Kiran Kumar and C. Pandu Rangan. <i>A linear space algorithm for the LCS problem</i>,
* Acta Informatica. Volume 24 , Issue 3 (June 1987); Copyright Springer-Verlag 1987
*
* <p>This class reuses portions of code originally written by Mikko Koivisto and Tuomo Saarni.
*
* <p><a href="http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/journals/acta/KumarR87">
* http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/journals/acta/KumarR87</a>
*
* <p><a href="http://users.utu.fi/~tuiisa/Java/">http://users.utu.fi/~tuiisa/Java/</a>
*
* @author Christophe Lauret
* @version 9 March 2005
*/
public final class DiffXKumarRangan extends DiffXAlgorithmBase {
/**
* Set to <code>true</code> to show debug info.
*/
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
// state variables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global integer arrays needed in the computation of the LCS
private int[] R1, R2;
private int[] LL, LL1, LL2;
/**
* Global integer variable needed in the computation of the LCS.
*/
private int R;
/**
* Global integer variable needed in the computation of the LCS.
*/
private int S;
/**
* A counter for the index of the second sequence when generating the diff.
*/
private int iSeq2 = 0;
/**
* The length of the LCS.
*/
private int length = -1;
/**
* The formatter to use for the write diff function.
*/
private DiffXFormatter df = null;
// constructor --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates a new DiffXAlgorithmBase.
*
* @param seq0 The first sequence to compare.
* @param seq1 The second sequence to compare.
*/
public DiffXKumarRangan(EventSequence seq0, EventSequence seq1) {
super(seq0, seq1);
}
// methods ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Calculates the length of LCS and returns it.
*
* <p>If the length is calculated already it'll not be calculated repeatedly.
*
* <p>This algorithm starts from the length of the first sequence as the maximum possible
* LCS and reduces the length for every difference with the second sequence.
*
* <p>The time complexity is O(n(m-p)) and the space complexity is O(n+m).
*
* @return The length of LCS
*/
public int length() {
if (this.length < 0) {
this.length = calculateLength();
}
return this.length;
}
/**
* Writes the diff sequence using the specified formatter.
*
* @param formatter The formatter that will handle the output.
*
* @throws IOException If thrown by the formatter.
*/
public void process(DiffXFormatter formatter) throws IOException {
this.length = calculateLength();
this.df = formatter;
// execute the LCS algorithm for the complete sequences
generateLCS(0, this.length1 - 1, 0, this.length2 - 1, this.length1, this.length2, this.length);
}
// helpers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Initialises the state variables.
*/
private void init() {
this.R1 = new int[this.length2+1];
this.R2 = new int[this.length2+1];
this.LL = new int[this.length2+1];
this.LL1 = new int[this.length2+1];
this.LL2 = new int[this.length2+1];
this.iSeq2 = 0;
}
/**
* Calculates the LCS length.
*
* @return The LCS length.
*/
private int calculateLength() {
init();
this.R = 0;
this.S = this.length1 + 1;
// iterate for every difference with the first sequence
while (this.S > this.R) {
this.S--;
// fill up R2 up to the first difference using the entire sequences
fillOne(0, this.length1 - 1, 0, this.length2 - 1, this.length1, this.length2, 1);
// copy the content of R2 to R1 up to R
copyUpTo(this.R2, this.R1, this.R);
}
// both R1 and R2 now contain the indexes(+1) of the first sequence that form the LCS
if (DEBUG) {
System.err.println("LCS length="+this.S);
}
return this.S;
}
/**
* This is used to find the index from where the longest common subsequence so far can
* be found.
*
* <p>The time complexity is O(n+m) and the space complexity is O(n).
*
* @param start1 The start index of the first sequence.
* @param end1 The last index of the first sequence.
* @param start2 The start index of the second sequence.
* @param end2 The last index of the second sequence.
* @param m The length of the first sequence.
* @param n The length of the second sequence.
* @param sign This is used to mark wether to start from the beginning of the string
* or from the end of the string.
*/
private void fillOne(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2, int m, int n, int sign) {
int j = 1;
int i = this.S;
boolean over = false;
this.R2[0] = n+1;
int lower2 = 0;
int position2 = 0;
int temp = 0;
while (i > 0 & !over) {
if (j > this.R) {
lower2 = 0;
} else {
lower2 = this.R1[j];
}
position2 = this.R2[j - 1] - 1;
// The real index in the global char table is current_index * sign + beginning
// index of the subchararray
while (position2 > lower2 && !this.sequence1.getEvent((i - 1) * sign + start1)
.equals(this.sequence2.getEvent((position2 - 1) * sign + start2))) {
position2--;
}
temp = Math.max(position2, lower2);
if (temp == 0) {
over = true;
} else {
this.R2[j] = temp;
i--;
j++;
}
}
this.R = j - 1;
}
/**
* Uses integer arrays to keep track where the longest common subsequence that can be found.
*
* <p>The time complexity is O(n(waste+1)) and the space complexity is O(n+m).
*
* @param start1 The start index of the first sequence.
* @param end1 The last index of the first sequence.
* @param start2 The start index of the second sequence.
* @param end2 The last index of the second sequence.
* @param m The length of the first sequence.
* @param n The length of the second sequence.
* @param sign This is used to mark wether to start from the beginning of the string
* or from the end of the string.
* @param waste The length of characters not included in the LCS between indexes start1 and end1.
* Similarly between indexes start2 and end2.
*
* @return Integer array consisting of the ???.
*/
private int[] calMid(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2, int m, int n, int sign, int waste) {
this.LL = new int[n+1];
this.R = 0;
for (this.S = m; this.S >= m - waste; this.S--) {
fillOne(start1, end1, start2, end2, m, n, sign);
copyUpTo(this.R2, this.R1, this.R);
}
copyUpTo(this.R1, this.LL, this.R);
return this.LL;
}
/**
* Computes the LCS and returns it in character array.
*
* The time complexity is O(n(m-p)) and the space complexity is O(n+m).
*
* @param start1 The start index of the first sequence.
* @param end1 The last index of the first sequence.
* @param start2 The start index of the first sequence.
* @param end2 The last index of the first sequence.
* @param m The length of the first sequence.
* @param n The length of the second sequence.
* @param lcs The length of LCS between indexes start1 and end1.
* Similarly between indexes b_start and b-loppu. (???)
*
* @throws IOException If thrown by the formatter
*/
private void generateLCS(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2, int m, int n, int lcs)
throws IOException {
// Solves the base case, waste is less than 2 characters
if (m - lcs < 2) {
getLCSMinimumWaste(start1, end1, start2, end2, m, n, lcs);
// Waste is more than 1 character, process recursively
} else {
getLCSMoreWaste(start1, end1, start2, end2, m, n, lcs);
}
}
/**
* Computes the longest common subsequence for the specified boundaries when the waste
* is (strictly) less than 2 events.
*
* <p>This method is iterative; NOT recursive.
*
* @param start1 The start 0-based index of the first sequence.
* @param end1 The last 0-based index of the first sequence.
* @param start2 The start 0-based index of the second sequence.
* @param end2 The last 0-based index of the second sequence.
* @param m The length of the first sequence.
* @param n The length of the second sequence.
* @param lcs The length of LCS between indexes start1 and end1.
*
* @throws IOException If thrown by the formatter.
*/
private void getLCSMinimumWaste(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2, int m, int n, int lcs)
throws IOException {
// number of diffs with the first subsequence
int waste = m - lcs;
// contains the relative 1-based index of the event in the second sequence in reverse order
this.LL = calMid(start1, end1, start2, end2, m, n, 1, waste);
if (DEBUG) {
System.err.println("SEQ1={"+start1+" -> "+end1+"} SEQ2={"+start2+" -> "+end2+"}");
}
if (DEBUG) {
printState(0x10000);
}
int i = 0;
// start in order for the first subsequence
// and get the index of the second subsequence
while (i < lcs && this.sequence1.getEvent(i + start1)
.equals(this.sequence2.getEvent(this.LL[lcs - i] - 1 + start2))) {
this.df.format(this.sequence1.getEvent(i + start1));
this.iSeq2++;
// removed events from the second subsequence
i++;
if (i < lcs) {
writeDeleted(this.LL[lcs - i] - 1 + start2);
}
}
// possibly an event from the first subsequence to insert
if (i < m) {
this.df.insert(this.sequence1.getEvent(i + start1));
}
// we should take care of the removed events from the second subsequence now (?)
if (i < lcs) {
writeDeleted(this.LL[lcs - i] - 1 + start2);
}
i++;
// the second part of the first subsequence
while (i < m) {
this.df.format(this.sequence1.getEvent(i + start1));
this.iSeq2++;
writeDeleted(this.LL[m - i] - 1 + start2);
i++;
}
// finish writing the missing events from the second subsequence
writeDeleted(this.LL[0] - 1 + start2);
}
/**
* Computes the longest common subsequence for the specified boundaries when the waste
* is more than 1 character.
*
* <p>This method is recursive and will process ech subsequence with the LCS algorithm.
*
* @param start1 The start 0-based index of the first sequence.
* @param end1 The last 0-based index of the first sequence.
* @param start2 The start 0-based index of the second sequence.
* @param end2 The last 0-based index of the second sequence.
* @param m The length of the first sequence.
* @param n The length of the second sequence.
* @param lcs The length of LCS between indexes start1 and end1.
*
* @throws IOException If thrown by the formatter.
*/
private void getLCSMoreWaste(int start1, int end1, int start2, int end2, int m, int n, int lcs)
throws IOException {
// The indexes of the perfect cut
int u, v;
int r1, r2;
int waste1 = (int)Math.ceil((m - lcs) / 2.0f);
this.LL1 = calMid(end1, start1, end2, start2, m, n, -1, waste1);
// Saves the value changed in calmid from global variable R to variable r1
r1 = this.R;
for (int j = 0; j <= r1; j++) {
this.LL1[j] = n + 1 - this.LL1[j];
}
int waste2 = (int)Math.floor((m - lcs) / 2.0f);
this.LL2 = calMid(start1, end1, start2, end2, m, n, 1, waste2);
// Saves the value changed in calmid from global variable R to variable r2
r2 = this.R;
int k = Math.max(r1, r2);
while (k > 0) {
if (k <= r1 && lcs - k <= r2 && this.LL1[k] < this.LL2[lcs - k]) {
break;
} else {
k--;
}
}
u = k + waste1;
v = this.LL1[k];
// recursively call the LCS method to process the two subsequences
generateLCS(start1, start1 + u - 1, start2, start2 + v - 1, u - 1+1, v - 1+1, u - waste1);
generateLCS(start1 + u, end1, start2 + v, end2, end1 - start1 + 1 - u, end2 - start2 + 1 - v, m - u - waste2);
}
/**
* Write the deleted events to the formatter.
*
* @param jSeq2 The index of the LL array for the next event of the second sequence.
*
* @throws IOException If thrown by the formatter.
*/
private void writeDeleted(int jSeq2) throws IOException {
// if (DEBUG) System.err.println("next="+jSeq2+" current="+iSeq2);
while (jSeq2 > this.iSeq2) {
this.df.delete(this.sequence2.getEvent(this.iSeq2++));
}
}
/**
* Prints the state of this object, that is the values of all of the state variables to
* <code>System.err</code>. This is for debugging purposes only.
*
* @param f The flags
*/
private void printState(int f) {
if ((f & 0x0000001) == 0x0000001) {
System.err.println(" R="+this.R);
}
if ((f & 0x0000010) == 0x0000010) {
System.err.println(" S="+this.S);
}
if ((f & 0x0000011) > 0) {
System.err.println();
}
// The arrays for R1 and R2
if ((f & 0x0000100) == 0x0000100) {
System.err.print(" R1={");
for (int element : this.R1) {
System.err.print(" "+element);
}
System.err.println(" }");
}
if ((f & 0x0001000) == 0x0001000) {
System.err.print(" R2={");
for (int element : this.R2) {
System.err.print(" "+element);
}
System.err.println(" }");
}
if ((f & 0x0010000) == 0x0010000) {
System.err.print(" LL={");
for (int element : this.LL) {
System.err.print(" "+element);
}
System.err.println(" }");
}
if ((f & 0x0100000) == 0x0100000) {
System.err.print(" LL1={");
for (int element : this.LL1) {
System.err.print(" "+element);
}
System.err.println(" }");
}
if ((f & 0x1000000) == 0x1000000) {
System.err.print(" LL2={");
for (int element : this.LL2) {
System.err.print(" "+element);
}
System.err.println(" }");
}
}
// static helpers -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Copies the first array into the second one up to the specified index (included).
*
* @param a The first array.
* @param b The second array.
* @param len The 0-based index of the last copied value.
*/
private static void copyUpTo(int[] a, int[] b, int len) {
for (int i = 0; i <= len; i++) {
b[i] = a[i];
}
}
}