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* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
* software distributed under the License is distributed on an
* "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
* KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
* specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package groovy.servlet;
import groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine;
import groovy.text.Template;
import groovy.text.TemplateEngine;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.WeakHashMap;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* A generic servlet for serving (mostly HTML) templates.
* <p>
* It delegates work to a <code>groovy.text.TemplateEngine</code> implementation
* processing HTTP requests.
* <p>
* <h4>Usage</h4>
* <p>
* <code>helloworld.html</code> is a headless HTML-like template
* <pre><code>
* <html>
* <body>
* <% 3.times { %>
* Hello World!
* <% } %>
* <br>
* </body>
* </html>
* </code></pre>
* <p>
* Minimal <code>web.xml</code> example serving HTML-like templates
* <pre><code>
* <web-app>
* <servlet>
* <servlet-name>template</servlet-name>
* <servlet-class>groovy.servlet.TemplateServlet</servlet-class>
* </servlet>
* <servlet-mapping>
* <servlet-name>template</servlet-name>
* <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
* </servlet-mapping>
* </web-app>
* </code></pre>
* <p>
* <h4>Template engine configuration</h4>
* <p>
* By default, the TemplateServer uses the {@link groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine}
* which interprets JSP-like templates. The init parameter <code>template.engine</code>
* defines the fully qualified class name of the template to use:
* <pre>
* template.engine = [empty] - equals groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine
* template.engine = groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine
* template.engine = groovy.text.GStringTemplateEngine
* template.engine = groovy.text.XmlTemplateEngine
* </pre>
* <p>
* <h3>Servlet Init Parameters</h3>
* <p>
* <h4>Logging and extra-output options</h4>
* <p>
* This implementation provides a verbosity flag switching log statements.
* The servlet init parameter name is:
* <pre>
* generated.by = true(default) | false
* </pre>
* <p>
* <h4>Groovy Source Encoding Parameter</h4>
* <p>
* The following servlet init parameter name can be used to specify the encoding TemplateServlet will use
* to read the template groovy source files:
* <pre>
* groovy.source.encoding
* </pre>
*
* @author Christian Stein
* @author Guillaume Laforge
* @see TemplateServlet#setVariables(ServletBinding)
*/
public class TemplateServlet extends AbstractHttpServlet {
/**
* Simple cache entry. If a file is supplied, then the entry is validated against
* last modified and length attributes of the specified file.
*
* @author Christian Stein
*/
private static class TemplateCacheEntry {
final Date date;
long hit;
long lastModified;
long length;
final Template template;
public TemplateCacheEntry(File file, Template template, boolean timestamp) {
if (template == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("template");
}
if (timestamp) {
this.date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
} else {
this.date = null;
}
this.hit = 0;
if (file != null) {
this.lastModified = file.lastModified();
this.length = file.length();
}
this.template = template;
}
/**
* Checks the passed file attributes against those cached ones.
*
* @param file Other file handle to compare to the cached values. May be null in which case the validation is skipped.
* @return <code>true</code> if all measured values match, else <code>false</code>
*/
public boolean validate(File file) {
if (file != null) {
if (file.lastModified() != this.lastModified) {
return false;
}
if (file.length() != this.length) {
return false;
}
}
hit++;
return true;
}
public String toString() {
if (date == null) {
return "Hit #" + hit;
}
return "Hit #" + hit + " since " + date;
}
}
/**
* Simple file name to template cache map.
*/
private final Map<String, TemplateCacheEntry> cache;
/**
* Underlying template engine used to evaluate template source files.
*/
private TemplateEngine engine;
/**
* Flag that controls the appending of the "Generated by ..." comment.
*/
private boolean generateBy;
private String fileEncodingParamVal;
private static final String GROOVY_SOURCE_ENCODING = "groovy.source.encoding";
/**
* Create new TemplateServlet.
*/
public TemplateServlet() {
this.cache = new WeakHashMap<String, TemplateCacheEntry>();
this.engine = null; // assigned later by init()
this.generateBy = true; // may be changed by init()
this.fileEncodingParamVal = null; // may be changed by init()
}
/**
* Find a cached template for a given key. If a <code>File</code> is passed then
* any cached object is validated against the File to determine if it is out of
* date
* @param key a unique key for the template, such as a file's absolutePath or a URL.
* @param file a file to be used to determine if the cached template is stale. May be null.
* @return The cached template, or null if there was no cached entry, or the entry was stale.
*/
private Template findCachedTemplate(String key, File file) {
Template template = null;
/*
* Test cache for a valid template bound to the key.
*/
if (verbose) {
log("Looking for cached template by key \"" + key + "\"");
}
TemplateCacheEntry entry = (TemplateCacheEntry) cache.get(key);
if (entry != null) {
if (entry.validate(file)) {
if (verbose) {
log("Cache hit! " + entry);
}
template = entry.template;
} else {
if (verbose) {
log("Cached template " + key + " needs recompilation! " + entry);
}
}
} else {
if (verbose) {
log("Cache miss for " + key);
}
}
return template;
}
/**
* Compile the template and store it in the cache.
* @param key a unique key for the template, such as a file's absolutePath or a URL.
* @param inputStream an InputStream for the template's source.
* @param file a file to be used to determine if the cached template is stale. May be null.
* @return the created template.
* @throws Exception Any exception when creating the template.
*/
private Template createAndStoreTemplate(String key, InputStream inputStream, File file) throws Exception {
if (verbose) {
log("Creating new template from " + key + "...");
}
Reader reader = null;
try {
String fileEncoding = (fileEncodingParamVal != null) ? fileEncodingParamVal :
System.getProperty(GROOVY_SOURCE_ENCODING);
reader = fileEncoding == null ? new InputStreamReader(inputStream) : new InputStreamReader(inputStream, fileEncoding);
Template template = engine.createTemplate(reader);
cache.put(key, new TemplateCacheEntry(file, template, verbose));
if (verbose) {
log("Created and added template to cache. [key=" + key + "] " + cache.get(key));
}
//
// Last sanity check.
//
if (template == null) {
throw new ServletException("Template is null? Should not happen here!");
}
return template;
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
} else if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
}
}
/**
* Gets the template created by the underlying engine parsing the request.
*
* <p>
* This method looks up a simple (weak) hash map for an existing template
* object that matches the source file. If the source file didn't change in
* length and its last modified stamp hasn't changed compared to a precompiled
* template object, this template is used. Otherwise, there is no or an
* invalid template object cache entry, a new one is created by the underlying
* template engine. This new instance is put to the cache for consecutive
* calls.
*
* @return The template that will produce the response text.
* @param file The file containing the template source.
* @throws ServletException If the request specified an invalid template source file
*/
protected Template getTemplate(File file) throws ServletException {
String key = file.getAbsolutePath();
Template template = findCachedTemplate(key, file);
//
// Template not cached or the source file changed - compile new template!
//
if (template == null) {
try {
template = createAndStoreTemplate(key, new FileInputStream(file), file);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ServletException("Creation of template failed: " + e, e);
}
}
return template;
}
/**
* Gets the template created by the underlying engine parsing the request.
*
* <p>
* This method looks up a simple (weak) hash map for an existing template
* object that matches the source URL. If there is no cache entry, a new one is
* created by the underlying template engine. This new instance is put
* to the cache for consecutive calls.
*
* @return The template that will produce the response text.
* @param url The URL containing the template source..
* @throws ServletException If the request specified an invalid template source URL
*/
protected Template getTemplate(URL url) throws ServletException {
String key = url.toString();
Template template = findCachedTemplate(key, null);
// Template not cached or the source file changed - compile new template!
if (template == null) {
try {
template = createAndStoreTemplate(key, url.openConnection().getInputStream(), null);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new ServletException("Creation of template failed: " + e, e);
}
}
return template;
}
/**
* Initializes the servlet from hints the container passes.
* <p>
* Delegates to sub-init methods and parses the following parameters:
* <ul>
* <li> <tt>"generatedBy"</tt> : boolean, appends "Generated by ..." to the
* HTML response text generated by this servlet.
* </li>
* </ul>
*
* @param config Passed by the servlet container.
* @throws ServletException if this method encountered difficulties
* @see TemplateServlet#initTemplateEngine(ServletConfig)
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
super.init(config);
this.engine = initTemplateEngine(config);
if (engine == null) {
throw new ServletException("Template engine not instantiated.");
}
String value = config.getInitParameter("generated.by");
if (value != null) {
this.generateBy = Boolean.valueOf(value);
}
value = config.getInitParameter(GROOVY_SOURCE_ENCODING);
if (value != null) {
this.fileEncodingParamVal = value;
}
log("Servlet " + getClass().getName() + " initialized on " + engine.getClass());
}
/**
* Creates the template engine.
* <p>
* Called by {@link TemplateServlet#init(ServletConfig)} and returns just
* <code>new groovy.text.SimpleTemplateEngine()</code> if the init parameter
* <code>template.engine</code> is not set by the container configuration.
*
* @param config Current servlet configuration passed by the container.
* @return The underlying template engine or <code>null</code> on error.
*/
protected TemplateEngine initTemplateEngine(ServletConfig config) {
String name = config.getInitParameter("template.engine");
if (name == null) {
return new SimpleTemplateEngine();
}
try {
return (TemplateEngine) Class.forName(name).newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
log("Could not instantiate template engine: " + name, e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
log("Could not access template engine class: " + name, e);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
log("Could not find template engine class: " + name, e);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Services the request with a response.
* <p>
* First the request is parsed for the source file uri. If the specified file
* could not be found or can not be read an error message is sent as response.
*
* @param request The http request.
* @param response The http response.
* @throws IOException if an input or output error occurs while the servlet is handling the HTTP request
* @throws ServletException if the HTTP request cannot be handled
*/
public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
if (verbose) {
log("Creating/getting cached template...");
}
//
// Get the template source file handle.
//
Template template;
long getMillis;
String name;
File file = getScriptUriAsFile(request);
if (file != null) {
name = file.getName();
if (!file.exists()) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
return; // throw new IOException(file.getAbsolutePath());
}
if (!file.canRead()) {
response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN, "Can not read \"" + name + "\"!");
return; // throw new IOException(file.getAbsolutePath());
}
getMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
template = getTemplate(file);
getMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - getMillis;
} else {
name = getScriptUri(request);
URL url = servletContext.getResource(name);
getMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
template = getTemplate(url);
getMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - getMillis;
}
//
// Create new binding for the current request.
//
ServletBinding binding = new ServletBinding(request, response, servletContext);
setVariables(binding);
//
// Prepare the response buffer content type _before_ getting the writer.
// and set status code to ok
//
response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_HTML + "; charset=" + encoding);
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
//
// Get the output stream writer from the binding.
//
Writer out = (Writer) binding.getVariable("out");
if (out == null) {
out = response.getWriter();
}
//
// Evaluate the template.
//
if (verbose) {
log("Making template \"" + name + "\"...");
}
// String made = template.make(binding.getVariables()).toString();
// log(" = " + made);
long makeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
template.make(binding.getVariables()).writeTo(out);
makeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() - makeMillis;
if (generateBy) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);
sb.append("\n<!-- Generated by Groovy TemplateServlet [create/get=");
sb.append(Long.toString(getMillis));
sb.append(" ms, make=");
sb.append(Long.toString(makeMillis));
sb.append(" ms] -->\n");
out.write(sb.toString());
}
//
// flush the response buffer.
//
response.flushBuffer();
if (verbose) {
log("Template \"" + name + "\" request responded. [create/get=" + getMillis + " ms, make=" + makeMillis + " ms]");
}
}
}