/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.pig.builtin;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Random;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.pig.AccumulatorEvalFunc;
import org.apache.pig.Algebraic;
import org.apache.pig.EvalFunc;
import org.apache.pig.FuncSpec;
import org.apache.pig.backend.executionengine.ExecException;
import org.apache.pig.data.BagFactory;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataBag;
import org.apache.pig.data.DataType;
import org.apache.pig.data.Tuple;
import org.apache.pig.data.TupleFactory;
import org.apache.pig.impl.logicalLayer.FrontendException;
import org.apache.pig.impl.logicalLayer.schema.Schema;
import org.apache.pig.impl.logicalLayer.schema.Schema.FieldSchema;
/**
* Top UDF accepts a bag of tuples and returns top-n tuples depending upon the
* tuple field value of type long. Both n and field number needs to be provided
* to the UDF. The UDF iterates through the input bag and just retains top-n
* tuples by storing them in a priority queue of size n+1 where priority is the
* long field. This is efficient as priority queue provides constant time - O(1)
* removal of the least element and O(log n) time for heap restructuring. The
* UDF is especially helpful for turning the nested grouping operation inside
* out and retaining top-n in a nested group.
*
* Assumes all tuples in the bag contain an element of the same type in the compared column.
*
* Sample usage:
* DEFINE TOP_ASC TOP("ASC")
* DEFINE TOP_DESC TOP("DESC")
*
* A = LOAD 'test.tsv' as (first: chararray, second: chararray);
* B = GROUP A BY (first, second);
* C = FOREACH B generate FLATTEN(group), COUNT(*) as count;
* D = GROUP C BY first; // again group by first
* topResults = FOREACH D {
* result = TOP_ASC(10, 1, C); // and retain top 10 occurrences of 'second' in first
* GENERATE FLATTEN(result);
* topDescResults = FOREACH D {
* result = TOP_DESC(10, 1, C); // and retain top 10 occurrences of 'second' in first
* GENERATE FLATTEN(result); *
* }
*/
public class TOP extends AccumulatorEvalFunc<DataBag> implements Algebraic {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TOP.class);
private static BagFactory mBagFactory = BagFactory.getInstance();
private static TupleFactory mTupleFactory = TupleFactory.getInstance();
private final Random randomizer = new Random();
private boolean sortDesc;
// By default, set the sorting order to descending. This is to make it
// backward compatible.
public TOP() {
sortDesc = true;
}
// Allow to set the sorting order explicitly.
public TOP(String arg) {
sortDesc = decideSortOrder(arg);
}
private static boolean decideSortOrder(String arg) {
if ("ASC".equalsIgnoreCase(arg)) {
return false;
} else if ("DESC".equalsIgnoreCase(arg)) {
return true;
} else {
log.warn("Unknown order '" + arg + "' is given. Defaulting to descending order.");
return true;
}
}
private static class TupleComparator implements Comparator<Tuple> {
private final int fieldNum;
private byte datatype;
private boolean typeFound=false;
private boolean isDescOrder = true;
public TupleComparator(int fieldNum, boolean isDescOrder) {
this.fieldNum = fieldNum;
this.isDescOrder = isDescOrder;
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see java.util.Comparator#compare(java.lang.Object, java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public int compare(Tuple o1, Tuple o2) {
int ret = 0;
if (o1 == null) {
ret = -1;
} else if (o2 == null) {
ret = 1;
} else {
try {
Object field1 = o1.get(fieldNum);
Object field2 = o2.get(fieldNum);
if (!typeFound) {
datatype = DataType.findType(field1);
if(datatype != DataType.NULL) {
typeFound = true;
}
}
ret = DataType.compare(field1, field2, datatype, datatype);
} catch (ExecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error while comparing o1:" + o1
+ " and o2:" + o2, e);
}
}
return isDescOrder ? ret : ret * -1;
}
}
// for Accumulator interface
private PriorityQueue<Tuple> store = null;
@Override
public void accumulate(Tuple tuple) throws IOException {
if (tuple == null || tuple.size() < 3) {
return;
}
try {
int n = (Integer) tuple.get(0);
int fieldNum = (Integer) tuple.get(1);
DataBag inputBag = (DataBag) tuple.get(2);
if (inputBag == null) {
return;
}
if (store == null) {
store = new PriorityQueue<Tuple>(n + 1, new TupleComparator(fieldNum, sortDesc));
}
updateTop(store, n, inputBag);
} catch (ExecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("ExecException executing function: ", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("General Exception executing function: ", e);
}
}
@Override
public DataBag getValue() {
if (store == null) {
return null;
}
DataBag outputBag = mBagFactory.newDefaultBag();
for (Tuple t : store) {
outputBag.add(t);
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (randomizer.nextInt(1000) == 1) {
log.debug("outputting a bag: ");
try {
for (Tuple t : outputBag) {
log.debug("outputting "+t.toDelimitedString("\t"));
}
} catch (ExecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("ExecException executing function: ", e);
}
log.debug("==================");
}
}
return outputBag;
}
@Override
public void cleanup() {
store = null;
}
protected static void updateTop(PriorityQueue<Tuple> store, int limit, DataBag inputBag) {
Iterator<Tuple> itr = inputBag.iterator();
while (itr.hasNext()) {
Tuple t = itr.next();
store.add(t);
if (store.size() > limit)
store.poll();
}
}
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.apache.pig.EvalFunc#getArgToFuncMapping()
*/
@Override
public List<FuncSpec> getArgToFuncMapping() throws FrontendException {
List<FieldSchema> fields = new ArrayList<FieldSchema>(3);
fields.add(new Schema.FieldSchema(null, DataType.INTEGER));
fields.add(new Schema.FieldSchema(null, DataType.INTEGER));
fields.add(new Schema.FieldSchema(null, DataType.BAG));
FuncSpec funcSpec = new FuncSpec(this.getClass().getName(), new Schema(fields));
List<FuncSpec> funcSpecs = new ArrayList<FuncSpec>(1);
funcSpecs.add(funcSpec);
return funcSpecs;
}
@Override
public Schema outputSchema(Schema input) {
try {
if (input.size() < 3) {
return null;
}
return new Schema(input.getField(2));
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
@Override
public String getInitial() {
return Initial.class.getName();
}
@Override
public String getIntermed() {
return Intermed.class.getName();
}
@Override
public String getFinal() {
return Final.class.getName();
}
/*
* Same as normal code-path exec, but outputs a Tuple with the schema
* <Int, Int, DataBag> -- same schema as expected input.
*/
public static class Initial extends EvalFunc<Tuple> {
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private boolean sortDesc;
public Initial() {
this.sortDesc = true;
}
public Initial(String arg) {
sortDesc = decideSortOrder(arg);
}
@Override
public Tuple exec(Tuple tuple) throws IOException {
if (tuple == null || tuple.size() < 3) {
return null;
}
try {
int n = (Integer) tuple.get(0);
int fieldNum = (Integer) tuple.get(1);
DataBag inputBag = (DataBag) tuple.get(2);
if (inputBag == null) {
return null;
}
Tuple retTuple = mTupleFactory.newTuple(3);
DataBag outputBag = mBagFactory.newDefaultBag();
// initially, there should only be one, so not much point in doing the priority queue
for (Tuple t : inputBag) {
outputBag.add(t);
}
retTuple.set(0, n);
retTuple.set(1,fieldNum);
retTuple.set(2, outputBag);
return retTuple;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("General Exception executing function: ", e);
}
}
}
public static class Intermed extends EvalFunc<Tuple> {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Intermed.class);
private final Random randomizer = new Random();
private boolean sortDesc;
public Intermed() {
this.sortDesc = true;
}
public Intermed(String arg) {
sortDesc = decideSortOrder(arg);
}
/* The input is a tuple that contains a single bag.
* This bag contains outputs of the Initial step --
* tuples of the format (limit, index, { top_tuples })
*
* We need to take the top of tops and return a similar tuple.
*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.apache.pig.EvalFunc#exec(org.apache.pig.data.Tuple)
*/
@Override
public Tuple exec(Tuple input) throws IOException {
if (input == null || input.size() < 1) {
return null;
}
try {
DataBag bagOfIntermediates = (DataBag) input.get(0);
Iterator<Tuple> intermediateIterator = bagOfIntermediates.iterator();
if (!intermediateIterator.hasNext()) {
return null;
}
Tuple peekTuple = intermediateIterator.next();
if (peekTuple == null || peekTuple.size() < 3 ) return null;
int n = (Integer) peekTuple.get(0);
int fieldNum = (Integer) peekTuple.get(1);
DataBag inputBag = (DataBag) peekTuple.get(2);
boolean allInputBagsNull = true;
PriorityQueue<Tuple> store = new PriorityQueue<Tuple>(n + 1,
new TupleComparator(fieldNum, sortDesc));
if (inputBag != null) {
allInputBagsNull = false;
updateTop(store, n, inputBag);
}
while (intermediateIterator.hasNext()) {
Tuple t = intermediateIterator.next();
if (t == null || t.size() < 3 ) continue;
inputBag = (DataBag) t.get(2);
if (inputBag != null) {
allInputBagsNull = false;
updateTop(store, n, inputBag);
}
}
Tuple retTuple = mTupleFactory.newTuple(3);
retTuple.set(0, n);
retTuple.set(1,fieldNum);
DataBag outputBag = null;
if (!allInputBagsNull) {
outputBag = mBagFactory.newDefaultBag();
for (Tuple t : store) {
outputBag.add(t);
}
}
retTuple.set(2, outputBag);
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (randomizer.nextInt(1000) == 1) log.debug("outputting "+retTuple.toDelimitedString("\t"));
}
return retTuple;
} catch (ExecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("ExecException executing function: ", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("General Exception executing function: ", e);
}
}
}
public static class Final extends EvalFunc<DataBag> {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Final.class);
private final Random randomizer = new Random();
private boolean sortDesc;
public Final() {
this.sortDesc = true;
}
public Final(String arg) {
sortDesc = decideSortOrder(arg);
}
/*
* The input to this function is a tuple that contains a single bag.
* This bag, in turn, contains outputs of the Intermediate step --
* tuples of the format (limit, index, { top_tuples } )
*
* we want to return a bag of top tuples
*
* (non-Javadoc)
* @see org.apache.pig.EvalFunc#exec(org.apache.pig.data.Tuple)
*/
@Override
public DataBag exec(Tuple tuple) throws IOException {
if (tuple == null || tuple.size() < 1) {
return null;
}
try {
DataBag bagOfIntermediates = (DataBag) tuple.get(0);
Iterator<Tuple> intermediateIterator = bagOfIntermediates.iterator();
if (!intermediateIterator.hasNext()) {
return null;
}
Tuple peekTuple = intermediateIterator.next();
if (peekTuple == null || peekTuple.size() < 3 ) return null;
int n = (Integer) peekTuple.get(0);
int fieldNum = (Integer) peekTuple.get(1);
DataBag inputBag = (DataBag) peekTuple.get(2);
boolean allInputBagsNull = true;
PriorityQueue<Tuple> store = new PriorityQueue<Tuple>(n + 1,
new TupleComparator(fieldNum, sortDesc));
if (inputBag != null) {
allInputBagsNull = false;
updateTop(store, n, inputBag);
}
while (intermediateIterator.hasNext()) {
Tuple t = intermediateIterator.next();
if (t == null || t.size() < 3 ) continue;
inputBag = (DataBag) t.get(2);
if (inputBag != null) {
allInputBagsNull = false;
updateTop(store, n, inputBag);
}
}
if (allInputBagsNull) {
return null;
}
DataBag outputBag = mBagFactory.newDefaultBag();
for (Tuple t : store) {
outputBag.add(t);
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (randomizer.nextInt(1000) == 1) for (Tuple t : outputBag) log.debug("outputting "+t.toDelimitedString("\t"));
}
return outputBag;
} catch (ExecException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("ExecException executing function: ", e);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("General Exception executing function: ", e);
}
}
}
}