/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.caudexorigo.builder; import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Modifier; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * <p> * Assists in implementing {@link Object#hashCode()} methods. * </p> * * <p> * This class enables a good <code>hashCode</code> method to be built for any class. It follows the rules laid out in the book <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/effective/index.html">Effective Java</a> by Joshua Bloch. Writing a good <code>hashCode</code> method is actually quite difficult. This class aims to simplify the process. * </p> * * <p> * All relevant fields from the object should be included in the <code>hashCode</code> method. Derived fields may be excluded. In general, any field used in the <code>equals</code> method must be used in the <code>hashCode</code> method. * </p> * * <p> * To use this class write code as follows: * </p> * * <pre> * public class Person { * String name; * int age; * boolean smoker; * ... * public int hashCode() { * // you pick a hard-coded, randomly chosen, non-zero, odd number * // ideally different for each class * return new HashCodeBuilder(17, 37). * append(name). * append(age). * append(smoker). * toHashCode(); * } * } * </pre> * * <p> * If required, the superclass <code>hashCode()</code> can be added using {@link #appendSuper}. * </p> * * <p> * Alternatively, there is a method that uses reflection to determine the fields to test. Because these fields are usually private, the method, <code>reflectionHashCode</code>, uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to change the visibility of the fields. This will fail under a security manager, unless the appropriate permissions are set up correctly. It is also slower than testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * A typical invocation for this method would look like: * </p> * * <pre> * public int hashCode() * { * return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this); * } * </pre> * * @author Stephen Colebourne * @author Gary Gregory * @author Pete Gieser * @since 1.0 * @version $Id: HashCodeBuilder.java 564070 2007-08-09 01:58:11Z bayard $ */ public class HashCodeBuilder { /** * <p> * A registry of objects used by reflection methods to detect cyclical object references and avoid infinite loops. * </p> * * @since 2.3 */ private static ThreadLocal registry = new ThreadLocal() { protected Object initialValue() { // The HashSet implementation is not synchronized, // which is just what we need here. return new HashSet(); } }; /** * <p> * Returns the registry of objects being traversed by the reflection methods in the current thread. * </p> * * @return Set the registry of objects being traversed * @since 2.3 */ static Set getRegistry() { return (Set) registry.get(); } /** * <p> * Returns <code>true</code> if the registry contains the given object. Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * </p> * * @param value * The object to lookup in the registry. * @return boolean <code>true</code> if the registry contains the given object. * @since 2.3 */ static boolean isRegistered(Object value) { return getRegistry().contains(toIdentityHashCodeInteger(value)); } /** * <p> * Appends the fields and values defined by the given object of the given <code>Class</code>. * </p> * * @param object * the object to append details of * @param clazz * the class to append details of * @param builder * the builder to append to * @param useTransients * whether to use transient fields * @param excludeFields * Collection of String field names to exclude from use in calculation of hash code */ private static void reflectionAppend(Object object, Class clazz, HashCodeBuilder builder, boolean useTransients, String[] excludeFields) { if (isRegistered(object)) { return; } try { register(object); Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields(); List excludedFieldList = excludeFields != null ? Arrays.asList(excludeFields) : Collections.EMPTY_LIST; AccessibleObject.setAccessible(fields, true); for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) { Field field = fields[i]; if (!excludedFieldList.contains(field.getName()) && (field.getName().indexOf('$') == -1) && (useTransients || !Modifier.isTransient(field.getModifiers())) && (!Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()))) { try { Object fieldValue = field.get(object); builder.append(fieldValue); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { // this can't happen. Would get a Security exception instead // throw a runtime exception in case the impossible happens. throw new InternalError("Unexpected IllegalAccessException"); } } } } finally { unregister(object); } } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * Transient members will be not be used, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * <p> * Two randomly chosen, non-zero, odd numbers must be passed in. Ideally these should be different for each class, however this is not vital. Prime numbers are preferred, especially for the multiplier. * </p> * * @param initialNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the initial value * @param multiplierNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the multiplier * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the Object is <code>null</code> * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the number is zero or even */ public static int reflectionHashCode(int initialNonZeroOddNumber, int multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, Object object) { return reflectionHashCode(initialNonZeroOddNumber, multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, object, false, null, null); } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * If the TestTransients parameter is set to <code>true</code>, transient members will be tested, otherwise they are ignored, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * <p> * Two randomly chosen, non-zero, odd numbers must be passed in. Ideally these should be different for each class, however this is not vital. Prime numbers are preferred, especially for the multiplier. * </p> * * @param initialNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the initial value * @param multiplierNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the multiplier * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param testTransients * whether to include transient fields * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the Object is <code>null</code> * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the number is zero or even */ public static int reflectionHashCode(int initialNonZeroOddNumber, int multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, Object object, boolean testTransients) { return reflectionHashCode(initialNonZeroOddNumber, multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, object, testTransients, null, null); } /** * Calls {@link #reflectionHashCode(int, int, Object, boolean, Class, String[])} with excludeFields set to <code>null</code>. * * @param initialNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the initial value * @param multiplierNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the multiplier * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param testTransients * whether to include transient fields * @param reflectUpToClass * the superclass to reflect up to (inclusive), may be <code>null</code> * @return int hash code */ public static int reflectionHashCode(int initialNonZeroOddNumber, int multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, Object object, boolean testTransients, Class reflectUpToClass) { return reflectionHashCode(initialNonZeroOddNumber, multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, object, testTransients, reflectUpToClass, null); } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * If the TestTransients parameter is set to <code>true</code>, transient members will be tested, otherwise they are ignored, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be included. Superclass fields will be included up to and including the specified superclass. A null superclass is treated as java.lang.Object. * </p> * * <p> * Two randomly chosen, non-zero, odd numbers must be passed in. Ideally these should be different for each class, however this is not vital. Prime numbers are preferred, especially for the multiplier. * </p> * * @param initialNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the initial value * @param multiplierNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the multiplier * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param testTransients * whether to include transient fields * @param reflectUpToClass * the superclass to reflect up to (inclusive), may be <code>null</code> * @param excludeFields * array of field names to exclude from use in calculation of hash code * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the Object is <code>null</code> * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the number is zero or even * @since 2.0 */ public static int reflectionHashCode(int initialNonZeroOddNumber, int multiplierNonZeroOddNumber, Object object, boolean testTransients, Class reflectUpToClass, String[] excludeFields) { if (object == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("The object to build a hash code for must not be null"); } HashCodeBuilder builder = new HashCodeBuilder(initialNonZeroOddNumber, multiplierNonZeroOddNumber); Class clazz = object.getClass(); reflectionAppend(object, clazz, builder, testTransients, excludeFields); while (clazz.getSuperclass() != null && clazz != reflectUpToClass) { clazz = clazz.getSuperclass(); reflectionAppend(object, clazz, builder, testTransients, excludeFields); } return builder.toHashCode(); } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * This constructor uses two hard coded choices for the constants needed to build a hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * Transient members will be not be used, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the object is <code>null</code> */ public static int reflectionHashCode(Object object) { return reflectionHashCode(17, 37, object, false, null, null); } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * This constructor uses two hard coded choices for the constants needed to build a hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <P> * If the TestTransients parameter is set to <code>true</code>, transient members will be tested, otherwise they are ignored, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param testTransients * whether to include transient fields * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the object is <code>null</code> */ public static int reflectionHashCode(Object object, boolean testTransients) { return reflectionHashCode(17, 37, object, testTransients, null, null); } /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * This constructor uses two hard coded choices for the constants needed to build a hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * Transient members will be not be used, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param excludeFields * Collection of String field names to exclude from use in calculation of hash code * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the object is <code>null</code> */ public static int reflectionHashCode(Object object, Collection /* String */excludeFields) { return reflectionHashCode(object, ReflectionToStringBuilder.toNoNullStringArray(excludeFields)); } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p> * This method uses reflection to build a valid hash code. * </p> * * <p> * This constructor uses two hard coded choices for the constants needed to build a hash code. * </p> * * <p> * It uses <code>AccessibleObject.setAccessible</code> to gain access to private fields. This means that it will throw a security exception if run under a security manager, if the permissions are not set up correctly. It is also not as efficient as testing explicitly. * </p> * * <p> * Transient members will be not be used, as they are likely derived fields, and not part of the value of the <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * <p> * Static fields will not be tested. Superclass fields will be included. * </p> * * @param object * the Object to create a <code>hashCode</code> for * @param excludeFields * array of field names to exclude from use in calculation of hash code * @return int hash code * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the object is <code>null</code> */ public static int reflectionHashCode(Object object, String[] excludeFields) { return reflectionHashCode(17, 37, object, false, null, excludeFields); } /** * <p> * Registers the given object. Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * </p> * * @param value * The object to register. */ static void register(Object value) { getRegistry().add(toIdentityHashCodeInteger(value)); } /** * Returns an Integer for the given object's default hash code. * * @see System#identityHashCode(Object) * @param value * object for which the hashCode is to be calculated * @return Default int hash code */ private static Integer toIdentityHashCodeInteger(Object value) { return new Integer(System.identityHashCode(value)); } /** * <p> * Unregisters the given object. * </p> * * <p> * Used by the reflection methods to avoid infinite loops. * * @param value * The object to unregister. * @since 2.3 */ static void unregister(Object value) { getRegistry().remove(toIdentityHashCodeInteger(value)); } /** * Constant to use in building the hashCode. */ private final int iConstant; /** * Running total of the hashCode. */ private int iTotal = 0; /** * <p> * Uses two hard coded choices for the constants needed to build a <code>hashCode</code>. * </p> */ public HashCodeBuilder() { iConstant = 37; iTotal = 17; } /** * <p> * Two randomly chosen, non-zero, odd numbers must be passed in. Ideally these should be different for each class, however this is not vital. * </p> * * <p> * Prime numbers are preferred, especially for the multiplier. * </p> * * @param initialNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the initial value * @param multiplierNonZeroOddNumber * a non-zero, odd number used as the multiplier * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the number is zero or even */ public HashCodeBuilder(int initialNonZeroOddNumber, int multiplierNonZeroOddNumber) { if (initialNonZeroOddNumber == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("HashCodeBuilder requires a non zero initial value"); } if (initialNonZeroOddNumber % 2 == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("HashCodeBuilder requires an odd initial value"); } if (multiplierNonZeroOddNumber == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("HashCodeBuilder requires a non zero multiplier"); } if (multiplierNonZeroOddNumber % 2 == 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("HashCodeBuilder requires an odd multiplier"); } iConstant = multiplierNonZeroOddNumber; iTotal = initialNonZeroOddNumber; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>boolean</code>. * </p> * <p> * This adds <code>iConstant * 1</code> to the <code>hashCode</code> and not a <code>1231</code> or <code>1237</code> as done in java.lang.Boolean. This is in accordance with the <quote>Effective Java</quote> design. * </p> * * @param value * the boolean to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(boolean value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + (value ? 0 : 1); return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>boolean</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(boolean[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>byte</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the byte to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(byte value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + value; return this; } // ------------------------------------------------------------------------- /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>byte</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(byte[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>char</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the char to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(char value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + value; return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>char</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(char[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>double</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the double to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(double value) { return append(Double.doubleToLongBits(value)); } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>double</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(double[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>float</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the float to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(float value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + Float.floatToIntBits(value); return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>float</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(float[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for an <code>int</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the int to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(int value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + value; return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for an <code>int</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(int[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>long</code>. * </p> * <p> * * @param value * the long to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ // NOTE: This method uses >> and not >>> as Effective Java and // Long.hashCode do. Ideally we should switch to >>> at // some stage. There are backwards compat issues, so // that will have to wait for the time being. cf LANG-342. public HashCodeBuilder append(long value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + ((int) (value ^ (value >> 32))); return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>long</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(long[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for an <code>Object</code>. * </p> * * @param object * the Object to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(Object object) { if (object == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { // 'Switch' on type of array, to dispatch to the correct handler // This handles multi dimensional arrays if (object instanceof long[]) { append((long[]) object); } else if (object instanceof int[]) { append((int[]) object); } else if (object instanceof short[]) { append((short[]) object); } else if (object instanceof char[]) { append((char[]) object); } else if (object instanceof byte[]) { append((byte[]) object); } else if (object instanceof double[]) { append((double[]) object); } else if (object instanceof float[]) { append((float[]) object); } else if (object instanceof boolean[]) { append((boolean[]) object); } else if (object instanceof Object[]) { // Not an array of primitives append((Object[]) object); } else { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + object.hashCode(); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for an <code>Object</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(Object[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>short</code>. * </p> * * @param value * the short to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(short value) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + value; return this; } /** * <p> * Append a <code>hashCode</code> for a <code>short</code> array. * </p> * * @param array * the array to add to the <code>hashCode</code> * @return this */ public HashCodeBuilder append(short[] array) { if (array == null) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant; } else { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { append(array[i]); } } return this; } /** * <p> * Adds the result of super.hashCode() to this builder. * </p> * * @param superHashCode * the result of calling <code>super.hashCode()</code> * @return this HashCodeBuilder, used to chain calls. * @since 2.0 */ public HashCodeBuilder appendSuper(int superHashCode) { iTotal = iTotal * iConstant + superHashCode; return this; } /** * <p> * Return the computed <code>hashCode</code>. * </p> * * @return <code>hashCode</code> based on the fields appended */ public int toHashCode() { return iTotal; } }