URLEncoder.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.catalina.util;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.util.BitSet;

/**
 *
 * This class is very similar to the java.net.URLEncoder class.
 *
 * Unfortunately, with java.net.URLEncoder there is no way to specify to the 
 * java.net.URLEncoder which characters should NOT be encoded.
 *
 * This code was moved from DefaultServlet.java
 *
 * @author Craig R. McClanahan
 * @author Remy Maucherat
 */
public class URLEncoder {
    protected static final char[] hexadecimal =
    {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
     'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};

    public static final URLEncoder DEFAULT = new URLEncoder();
    static {
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('~');
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('-');
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('_');
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('.');
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('*');
        DEFAULT.addSafeCharacter('/');
    }
    
    //Array containing the safe characters set.
    protected BitSet safeCharacters = new BitSet(256);

    public URLEncoder() {
        for (char i = 'a'; i <= 'z'; i++) {
            addSafeCharacter(i);
        }
        for (char i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; i++) {
            addSafeCharacter(i);
        }
        for (char i = '0'; i <= '9'; i++) {
            addSafeCharacter(i);
        }
    }

    public void addSafeCharacter( char c ) {
	safeCharacters.set( c );
    }


    /**
     * URL encodes the provided path using UTF-8.
     *
     * @param path The path to encode
     *
     * @return The encoded path
     *
     * @deprecated Use {@link #encode(String, String)}
     */
    @Deprecated
    public String encode(String path) {
        return encode(path, "UTF-8");
    }


    /**
     * URL encodes the provided path using the given encoding.
     *
     * @param path      The path to encode
     * @param encoding  The encoding to use to convert the path to bytes
     *
     * @return The encoded path
     */
    public String encode(String path, String encoding) {
        int maxBytesPerChar = 10;
        int caseDiff = ('a' - 'A');
        StringBuffer rewrittenPath = new StringBuffer(path.length());
        ByteArrayOutputStream buf = new ByteArrayOutputStream(maxBytesPerChar);
        OutputStreamWriter writer = null;
        try {
            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf, encoding);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            writer = new OutputStreamWriter(buf);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < path.length(); i++) {
            int c = (int) path.charAt(i);
            if (safeCharacters.get(c)) {
                rewrittenPath.append((char)c);
            } else {
                // convert to external encoding before hex conversion
                try {
                    writer.write((char)c);
                    writer.flush();
                } catch(IOException e) {
                    buf.reset();
                    continue;
                }
                byte[] ba = buf.toByteArray();
                for (int j = 0; j < ba.length; j++) {
                    // Converting each byte in the buffer
                    byte toEncode = ba[j];
                    rewrittenPath.append('%');
                    int low = (int) (toEncode & 0x0f);
                    int high = (int) ((toEncode & 0xf0) >> 4);
                    rewrittenPath.append(hexadecimal[high]);
                    rewrittenPath.append(hexadecimal[low]);
                }
                buf.reset();
            }
        }
        return rewrittenPath.toString();
    }
}