/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.authenticator;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import org.apache.catalina.Authenticator;
import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.Manager;
import org.apache.catalina.Pipeline;
import org.apache.catalina.Realm;
import org.apache.catalina.Session;
import org.apache.catalina.Valve;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Request;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Response;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.LoginConfig;
import org.apache.catalina.deploy.SecurityConstraint;
import org.apache.catalina.util.DateTool;
import org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport;
import org.apache.catalina.util.StringManager;
import org.apache.catalina.valves.ValveBase;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
/**
* Basic implementation of the <b>Valve</b> interface that enforces the
* <code><security-constraint></code> elements in the web application
* deployment descriptor. This functionality is implemented as a Valve
* so that it can be ommitted in environments that do not require these
* features. Individual implementations of each supported authentication
* method can subclass this base class as required.
* <p>
* <b>USAGE CONSTRAINT</b>: When this class is utilized, the Context to
* which it is attached (or a parent Container in a hierarchy) must have an
* associated Realm that can be used for authenticating users and enumerating
* the roles to which they have been assigned.
* <p>
* <b>USAGE CONSTRAINT</b>: This Valve is only useful when processing HTTP
* requests. Requests of any other type will simply be passed through.
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
*
*/
public abstract class AuthenticatorBase
extends ValveBase
implements Authenticator, Lifecycle {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(AuthenticatorBase.class);
// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
/**
* The default message digest algorithm to use if we cannot use
* the requested one.
*/
protected static final String DEFAULT_ALGORITHM = "MD5";
/**
* The number of random bytes to include when generating a
* session identifier.
*/
protected static final int SESSION_ID_BYTES = 16;
/**
* Default authentication realm name.
*/
protected static final String REALM_NAME = "Authentication required";
/**
* The message digest algorithm to be used when generating session
* identifiers. This must be an algorithm supported by the
* <code>java.security.MessageDigest</code> class on your platform.
*/
protected String algorithm = DEFAULT_ALGORITHM;
/**
* Should we cache authenticated Principals if the request is part of
* an HTTP session?
*/
protected boolean cache = true;
/**
* Should the session ID, if any, be changed upon a successful
* authentication to prevent a session fixation attack?
*/
protected boolean changeSessionIdOnAuthentication = true;
/**
* The Context to which this Valve is attached.
*/
protected Context context = null;
/**
* Return the MessageDigest implementation to be used when
* creating session identifiers.
*/
protected MessageDigest digest = null;
/**
* A String initialization parameter used to increase the entropy of
* the initialization of our random number generator.
*/
protected String entropy = null;
/**
* Descriptive information about this implementation.
*/
protected static final String info =
"org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase/1.0";
/**
* Flag to determine if we disable proxy caching, or leave the issue
* up to the webapp developer.
*/
protected boolean disableProxyCaching = true;
/**
* Flag to determine if we disable proxy caching with headers incompatible
* with IE
*/
protected boolean securePagesWithPragma = true;
/**
* The lifecycle event support for this component.
*/
protected LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
/**
* A random number generator to use when generating session identifiers.
*/
protected Random random = null;
/**
* The Java class name of the random number generator class to be used
* when generating session identifiers.
*/
protected String randomClass = "java.security.SecureRandom";
/**
* The string manager for this package.
*/
protected static final StringManager sm =
StringManager.getManager(Constants.Package);
/**
* The SingleSignOn implementation in our request processing chain,
* if there is one.
*/
protected SingleSignOn sso = null;
/**
* Has this component been started?
*/
protected boolean started = false;
/**
* "Expires" header always set to Date(1), so generate once only
*/
private static final String DATE_ONE =
(new SimpleDateFormat(DateTool.HTTP_RESPONSE_DATE_HEADER,
Locale.US)).format(new Date(1));
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
/**
* Return the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
*/
public String getAlgorithm() {
return (this.algorithm);
}
/**
* Set the message digest algorithm for this Manager.
*
* @param algorithm The new message digest algorithm
*/
public void setAlgorithm(String algorithm) {
this.algorithm = algorithm;
}
/**
* Return the cache authenticated Principals flag.
*/
public boolean getCache() {
return (this.cache);
}
/**
* Set the cache authenticated Principals flag.
*
* @param cache The new cache flag
*/
public void setCache(boolean cache) {
this.cache = cache;
}
/**
* Return the Container to which this Valve is attached.
*/
public Container getContainer() {
return (this.context);
}
/**
* Set the Container to which this Valve is attached.
*
* @param container The container to which we are attached
*/
public void setContainer(Container container) {
if (container != null && !(container instanceof Context))
throw new IllegalArgumentException
(sm.getString("authenticator.notContext"));
super.setContainer(container);
this.context = (Context) container;
}
/**
* Return the entropy increaser value, or compute a semi-useful value
* if this String has not yet been set.
*/
public String getEntropy() {
// Calculate a semi-useful value if this has not been set
if (this.entropy == null)
setEntropy(this.toString());
return (this.entropy);
}
/**
* Set the entropy increaser value.
*
* @param entropy The new entropy increaser value
*/
public void setEntropy(String entropy) {
this.entropy = entropy;
}
/**
* Return descriptive information about this Valve implementation.
*/
public String getInfo() {
return (info);
}
/**
* Return the random number generator class name.
*/
public String getRandomClass() {
return (this.randomClass);
}
/**
* Set the random number generator class name.
*
* @param randomClass The new random number generator class name
*/
public void setRandomClass(String randomClass) {
this.randomClass = randomClass;
}
/**
* Return the flag that states if we add headers to disable caching by
* proxies.
*/
public boolean getDisableProxyCaching() {
return disableProxyCaching;
}
/**
* Set the value of the flag that states if we add headers to disable
* caching by proxies.
* @param nocache <code>true</code> if we add headers to disable proxy
* caching, <code>false</code> if we leave the headers alone.
*/
public void setDisableProxyCaching(boolean nocache) {
disableProxyCaching = nocache;
}
/**
* Return the flag that states, if proxy caching is disabled, what headers
* we add to disable the caching.
*/
public boolean getSecurePagesWithPragma() {
return securePagesWithPragma;
}
/**
* Set the value of the flag that states what headers we add to disable
* proxy caching.
* @param securePagesWithPragma <code>true</code> if we add headers which
* are incompatible with downloading office documents in IE under SSL but
* which fix a caching problem in Mozilla.
*/
public void setSecurePagesWithPragma(boolean securePagesWithPragma) {
this.securePagesWithPragma = securePagesWithPragma;
}
/**
* Return the flag that states if we should change the session ID of an
* existing session upon successful authentication.
*
* @return <code>true</code> to change session ID upon successful
* authentication, <code>false</code> to do not perform the change.
*/
public boolean getChangeSessionIdOnAuthentication() {
return changeSessionIdOnAuthentication;
}
/**
* Set the value of the flag that states if we should change the session ID
* of an existing session upon successful authentication.
*
* @param changeSessionIdOnAuthentication
* <code>true</code> to change session ID upon successful
* authentication, <code>false</code> to do not perform the
* change.
*/
public void setChangeSessionIdOnAuthentication(
boolean changeSessionIdOnAuthentication) {
this.changeSessionIdOnAuthentication = changeSessionIdOnAuthentication;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
/**
* Enforce the security restrictions in the web application deployment
* descriptor of our associated Context.
*
* @param request Request to be processed
* @param response Response to be processed
*
* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
* @exception ServletException if thrown by a processing element
*/
public void invoke(Request request, Response response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Security checking request " +
request.getMethod() + " " + request.getRequestURI());
LoginConfig config = this.context.getLoginConfig();
// Have we got a cached authenticated Principal to record?
if (cache) {
Principal principal = request.getUserPrincipal();
if (principal == null) {
Session session = request.getSessionInternal(false);
if (session != null) {
principal = session.getPrincipal();
if (principal != null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("We have cached auth type " +
session.getAuthType() +
" for principal " +
session.getPrincipal());
request.setAuthType(session.getAuthType());
request.setUserPrincipal(principal);
}
}
}
}
// Special handling for form-based logins to deal with the case
// where the login form (and therefore the "j_security_check" URI
// to which it submits) might be outside the secured area
String contextPath = this.context.getPath();
String requestURI = request.getDecodedRequestURI();
if (requestURI.startsWith(contextPath) &&
requestURI.endsWith(Constants.FORM_ACTION)) {
if (!authenticate(request, response, config)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(" Failed authenticate() test ??" + requestURI );
return;
}
}
Realm realm = this.context.getRealm();
// Is this request URI subject to a security constraint?
SecurityConstraint [] constraints
= realm.findSecurityConstraints(request, this.context);
if ((constraints == null) /* &&
(!Constants.FORM_METHOD.equals(config.getAuthMethod())) */ ) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(" Not subject to any constraint");
getNext().invoke(request, response);
return;
}
// Make sure that constrained resources are not cached by web proxies
// or browsers as caching can provide a security hole
if (disableProxyCaching &&
// FIXME: Disabled for Mozilla FORM support over SSL
// (improper caching issue)
//!request.isSecure() &&
!"POST".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())) {
if (securePagesWithPragma) {
// FIXME: These cause problems with downloading office docs
// from IE under SSL and may not be needed for newer Mozilla
// clients.
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
} else {
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "private");
}
response.setHeader("Expires", DATE_ONE);
}
int i;
// Enforce any user data constraint for this security constraint
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling hasUserDataPermission()");
}
if (!realm.hasUserDataPermission(request, response,
constraints)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed hasUserDataPermission() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: Authenticator already set the appropriate
* HTTP status code, so we do not have to do anything special
*/
return;
}
// Since authenticate modifies the response on failure,
// we have to check for allow-from-all first.
boolean authRequired = true;
for(i=0; i < constraints.length && authRequired; i++) {
if(!constraints[i].getAuthConstraint()) {
authRequired = false;
} else if(!constraints[i].getAllRoles()) {
String [] roles = constraints[i].findAuthRoles();
if(roles == null || roles.length == 0) {
authRequired = false;
}
}
}
if(authRequired) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling authenticate()");
}
if (!authenticate(request, response, config)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed authenticate() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: Authenticator already set the appropriate
* HTTP status code, so we do not have to do anything
* special
*/
return;
}
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Calling accessControl()");
}
if (!realm.hasResourcePermission(request, response,
constraints,
this.context)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Failed accessControl() test");
}
/*
* ASSERT: AccessControl method has already set the
* appropriate HTTP status code, so we do not have to do
* anything special
*/
return;
}
// Any and all specified constraints have been satisfied
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Successfully passed all security constraints");
}
getNext().invoke(request, response);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
/**
* Associate the specified single sign on identifier with the
* specified Session.
*
* @param ssoId Single sign on identifier
* @param session Session to be associated
*/
protected void associate(String ssoId, Session session) {
if (sso == null)
return;
sso.associate(ssoId, session);
}
/**
* Authenticate the user making this request, based on the specified
* login configuration. Return <code>true</code> if any specified
* constraint has been satisfied, or <code>false</code> if we have
* created a response challenge already.
*
* @param request Request we are processing
* @param response Response we are creating
* @param config Login configuration describing how authentication
* should be performed
*
* @exception IOException if an input/output error occurs
*/
protected abstract boolean authenticate(Request request,
Response response,
LoginConfig config)
throws IOException;
/**
* Generate and return a new session identifier for the cookie that
* identifies an SSO principal.
*/
protected synchronized String generateSessionId() {
// Generate a byte array containing a session identifier
byte bytes[] = new byte[SESSION_ID_BYTES];
getRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
bytes = getDigest().digest(bytes);
// Render the result as a String of hexadecimal digits
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
byte b1 = (byte) ((bytes[i] & 0xf0) >> 4);
byte b2 = (byte) (bytes[i] & 0x0f);
if (b1 < 10)
result.append((char) ('0' + b1));
else
result.append((char) ('A' + (b1 - 10)));
if (b2 < 10)
result.append((char) ('0' + b2));
else
result.append((char) ('A' + (b2 - 10)));
}
return (result.toString());
}
/**
* Return the MessageDigest object to be used for calculating
* session identifiers. If none has been created yet, initialize
* one the first time this method is called.
*/
protected synchronized MessageDigest getDigest() {
if (this.digest == null) {
try {
this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
try {
this.digest = MessageDigest.getInstance(DEFAULT_ALGORITHM);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException f) {
this.digest = null;
}
}
}
return (this.digest);
}
/**
* Return the random number generator instance we should use for
* generating session identifiers. If there is no such generator
* currently defined, construct and seed a new one.
*/
protected synchronized Random getRandom() {
if (this.random == null) {
try {
Class clazz = Class.forName(randomClass);
this.random = (Random) clazz.newInstance();
long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
char entropy[] = getEntropy().toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < entropy.length; i++) {
long update = ((byte) entropy[i]) << ((i % 8) * 8);
seed ^= update;
}
this.random.setSeed(seed);
} catch (Exception e) {
this.random = new java.util.Random();
}
}
return (this.random);
}
/**
* Attempts reauthentication to the <code>Realm</code> using
* the credentials included in argument <code>entry</code>.
*
* @param ssoId identifier of SingleSignOn session with which the
* caller is associated
* @param request the request that needs to be authenticated
*/
protected boolean reauthenticateFromSSO(String ssoId, Request request) {
if (sso == null || ssoId == null)
return false;
boolean reauthenticated = false;
Container parent = getContainer();
if (parent != null) {
Realm realm = parent.getRealm();
if (realm != null) {
reauthenticated = sso.reauthenticate(ssoId, realm, request);
}
}
if (reauthenticated) {
associate(ssoId, request.getSessionInternal(true));
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(" Reauthenticated cached principal '" +
request.getUserPrincipal().getName() +
"' with auth type '" + request.getAuthType() + "'");
}
}
return reauthenticated;
}
/**
* Register an authenticated Principal and authentication type in our
* request, in the current session (if there is one), and with our
* SingleSignOn valve, if there is one. Set the appropriate cookie
* to be returned.
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @param response The servlet response we are generating
* @param principal The authenticated Principal to be registered
* @param authType The authentication type to be registered
* @param username Username used to authenticate (if any)
* @param password Password used to authenticate (if any)
*/
protected void register(Request request, Response response,
Principal principal, String authType,
String username, String password) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
String name = (principal == null) ? "none" : principal.getName();
log.debug("Authenticated '" + name + "' with type '" + authType +
"'");
}
// Cache the authentication information in our request
request.setAuthType(authType);
request.setUserPrincipal(principal);
Session session = request.getSessionInternal(false);
if (session != null && changeSessionIdOnAuthentication) {
Manager manager = request.getContext().getManager();
manager.changeSessionId(session);
request.changeSessionId(session.getId());
}
// Cache the authentication information in our session, if any
if (cache) {
if (session != null) {
session.setAuthType(authType);
session.setPrincipal(principal);
if (username != null)
session.setNote(Constants.SESS_USERNAME_NOTE, username);
else
session.removeNote(Constants.SESS_USERNAME_NOTE);
if (password != null)
session.setNote(Constants.SESS_PASSWORD_NOTE, password);
else
session.removeNote(Constants.SESS_PASSWORD_NOTE);
}
}
// Construct a cookie to be returned to the client
if (sso == null)
return;
// Only create a new SSO entry if the SSO did not already set a note
// for an existing entry (as it would do with subsequent requests
// for DIGEST and SSL authenticated contexts)
String ssoId = (String) request.getNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE);
if (ssoId == null) {
// Construct a cookie to be returned to the client
ssoId = generateSessionId();
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(Constants.SINGLE_SIGN_ON_COOKIE, ssoId);
cookie.setMaxAge(-1);
cookie.setPath("/");
// Bugzilla 41217
cookie.setSecure(request.isSecure());
// Bugzilla 34724
String ssoDomain = sso.getCookieDomain();
if(ssoDomain != null) {
cookie.setDomain(ssoDomain);
}
response.addCookieInternal(cookie, context.getUseHttpOnly());
// Register this principal with our SSO valve
sso.register(ssoId, principal, authType, username, password);
request.setNote(Constants.REQ_SSOID_NOTE, ssoId);
} else {
// Update the SSO session with the latest authentication data
sso.update(ssoId, principal, authType, username, password);
}
// Fix for Bug 10040
// Always associate a session with a new SSO reqistration.
// SSO entries are only removed from the SSO registry map when
// associated sessions are destroyed; if a new SSO entry is created
// above for this request and the user never revisits the context, the
// SSO entry will never be cleared if we don't associate the session
if (session == null)
session = request.getSessionInternal(true);
sso.associate(ssoId, session);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Lifecycle Methods
/**
* Add a lifecycle event listener to this component.
*
* @param listener The listener to add
*/
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
/**
* Get the lifecycle listeners associated with this lifecycle. If this
* Lifecycle has no listeners registered, a zero-length array is returned.
*/
public LifecycleListener[] findLifecycleListeners() {
return lifecycle.findLifecycleListeners();
}
/**
* Remove a lifecycle event listener from this component.
*
* @param listener The listener to remove
*/
public void removeLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.removeLifecycleListener(listener);
}
/**
* Prepare for the beginning of active use of the public methods of this
* component. This method should be called after <code>configure()</code>,
* and before any of the public methods of the component are utilized.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that prevents this component from being used
*/
public void start() throws LifecycleException {
// Validate and update our current component state
if (started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("authenticator.alreadyStarted"));
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(START_EVENT, null);
started = true;
// Look up the SingleSignOn implementation in our request processing
// path, if there is one
Container parent = context.getParent();
while ((sso == null) && (parent != null)) {
if (!(parent instanceof Pipeline)) {
parent = parent.getParent();
continue;
}
Valve valves[] = ((Pipeline) parent).getValves();
for (int i = 0; i < valves.length; i++) {
if (valves[i] instanceof SingleSignOn) {
sso = (SingleSignOn) valves[i];
break;
}
}
if (sso == null)
parent = parent.getParent();
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (sso != null)
log.debug("Found SingleSignOn Valve at " + sso);
else
log.debug("No SingleSignOn Valve is present");
}
}
/**
* Gracefully terminate the active use of the public methods of this
* component. This method should be the last one called on a given
* instance of this component.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that needs to be reported
*/
public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
// Validate and update our current component state
if (!started)
throw new LifecycleException
(sm.getString("authenticator.notStarted"));
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(STOP_EVENT, null);
started = false;
sso = null;
}
}