SimpleJpaRepository.java

/*
 * Copyright 2008-2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support;

import static org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.QueryUtils.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Optional;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.LockModeType;
import javax.persistence.NoResultException;
import javax.persistence.Parameter;
import javax.persistence.Query;
import javax.persistence.TypedQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder;
import javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Order;
import javax.persistence.criteria.ParameterExpression;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Path;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Predicate;
import javax.persistence.criteria.Root;

import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Example;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageImpl;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.convert.QueryByExamplePredicateBuilder;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.provider.PersistenceProvider;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.EntityGraph;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.query.QueryUtils;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.QueryHints.NoHints;
import org.springframework.data.repository.support.PageableExecutionUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;

/**
 * Default implementation of the {@link org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository} interface. This will offer
 * you a more sophisticated interface than the plain {@link EntityManager} .
 *
 * @author Oliver Gierke
 * @author Eberhard Wolff
 * @author Thomas Darimont
 * @author Mark Paluch
 * @author Christoph Strobl
 * @param <T> the type of the entity to handle
 * @param <ID> the type of the entity's identifier
 */
@Repository
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
public class SimpleJpaRepository<T, ID> implements JpaRepository<T, ID>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<T> {

	private static final String ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL = "The given id must not be null!";

	private final JpaEntityInformation<T, ?> entityInformation;
	private final EntityManager em;
	private final PersistenceProvider provider;

	private CrudMethodMetadata metadata;

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link SimpleJpaRepository} to manage objects of the given {@link JpaEntityInformation}.
	 *
	 * @param entityInformation must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param entityManager must not be {@literal null}.
	 */
	public SimpleJpaRepository(JpaEntityInformation<T, ?> entityInformation, EntityManager entityManager) {

		Assert.notNull(entityInformation, "JpaEntityInformation must not be null!");
		Assert.notNull(entityManager, "EntityManager must not be null!");

		this.entityInformation = entityInformation;
		this.em = entityManager;
		this.provider = PersistenceProvider.fromEntityManager(entityManager);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link SimpleJpaRepository} to manage objects of the given domain type.
	 *
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param em must not be {@literal null}.
	 */
	public SimpleJpaRepository(Class<T> domainClass, EntityManager em) {
		this(JpaEntityInformationSupport.getEntityInformation(domainClass, em), em);
	}

	/**
	 * Configures a custom {@link CrudMethodMetadata} to be used to detect {@link LockModeType}s and query hints to be
	 * applied to queries.
	 *
	 * @param crudMethodMetadata
	 */
	public void setRepositoryMethodMetadata(CrudMethodMetadata crudMethodMetadata) {
		this.metadata = crudMethodMetadata;
	}

	protected CrudMethodMetadata getRepositoryMethodMetadata() {
		return metadata;
	}

	protected Class<T> getDomainClass() {
		return entityInformation.getJavaType();
	}

	private String getDeleteAllQueryString() {
		return getQueryString(DELETE_ALL_QUERY_STRING, entityInformation.getEntityName());
	}

	private String getCountQueryString() {

		String countQuery = String.format(COUNT_QUERY_STRING, provider.getCountQueryPlaceholder(), "%s");
		return getQueryString(countQuery, entityInformation.getEntityName());
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#delete(java.io.Serializable)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void deleteById(ID id) {

		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);

		delete(findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new EmptyResultDataAccessException(
				String.format("No %s entity with id %s exists!", entityInformation.getJavaType(), id), 1)));
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#delete(java.lang.Object)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void delete(T entity) {

		Assert.notNull(entity, "The entity must not be null!");
		em.remove(em.contains(entity) ? entity : em.merge(entity));
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#delete(java.lang.Iterable)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void deleteAll(Iterable<? extends T> entities) {

		Assert.notNull(entities, "The given Iterable of entities not be null!");

		for (T entity : entities) {
			delete(entity);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#deleteInBatch(java.lang.Iterable)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void deleteInBatch(Iterable<T> entities) {

		Assert.notNull(entities, "The given Iterable of entities not be null!");

		if (!entities.iterator().hasNext()) {
			return;
		}

		applyAndBind(getQueryString(DELETE_ALL_QUERY_STRING, entityInformation.getEntityName()), entities, em)
				.executeUpdate();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.Repository#deleteAll()
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void deleteAll() {

		for (T element : findAll()) {
			delete(element);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#deleteAllInBatch()
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void deleteAllInBatch() {
		em.createQuery(getDeleteAllQueryString()).executeUpdate();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#findById(java.io.Serializable)
	 */
	public Optional<T> findById(ID id) {

		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);

		Class<T> domainType = getDomainClass();

		if (metadata == null) {
			return Optional.ofNullable(em.find(domainType, id));
		}

		LockModeType type = metadata.getLockModeType();

		Map<String, Object> hints = getQueryHints().withFetchGraphs(em).asMap();

		return Optional.ofNullable(type == null ? em.find(domainType, id, hints) : em.find(domainType, id, type, hints));
	}

	/**
	 * Returns {@link QueryHints} with the query hints based on the current {@link CrudMethodMetadata} and potential
	 * {@link EntityGraph} information.
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	protected QueryHints getQueryHints() {
		return metadata == null ? NoHints.INSTANCE : DefaultQueryHints.of(entityInformation, metadata);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#getOne(java.io.Serializable)
	 */
	@Override
	public T getOne(ID id) {

		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);
		return em.getReference(getDomainClass(), id);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#existsById(java.io.Serializable)
	 */
	public boolean existsById(ID id) {

		Assert.notNull(id, ID_MUST_NOT_BE_NULL);

		if (entityInformation.getIdAttribute() == null) {
			return findById(id) != null;
		}

		String placeholder = provider.getCountQueryPlaceholder();
		String entityName = entityInformation.getEntityName();
		Iterable<String> idAttributeNames = entityInformation.getIdAttributeNames();
		String existsQuery = QueryUtils.getExistsQueryString(entityName, placeholder, idAttributeNames);

		TypedQuery<Long> query = em.createQuery(existsQuery, Long.class);

		if (!entityInformation.hasCompositeId()) {
			query.setParameter(idAttributeNames.iterator().next(), id);
			return query.getSingleResult() == 1L;
		}

		for (String idAttributeName : idAttributeNames) {

			Object idAttributeValue = entityInformation.getCompositeIdAttributeValue(id, idAttributeName);

			boolean complexIdParameterValueDiscovered = idAttributeValue != null
					&& !query.getParameter(idAttributeName).getParameterType().isAssignableFrom(idAttributeValue.getClass());

			if (complexIdParameterValueDiscovered) {

				// fall-back to findById(id) which does the proper mapping for the parameter.
				return findById(id) != null;
			}

			query.setParameter(idAttributeName, idAttributeValue);
		}

		return query.getSingleResult() == 1L;
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#findAll()
	 */
	public List<T> findAll() {
		return getQuery(null, (Sort) null).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#findAll(java.lang.Iterable)
	 */
	public List<T> findAllById(Iterable<ID> ids) {

		if (ids == null || !ids.iterator().hasNext()) {
			return Collections.emptyList();
		}

		if (entityInformation.hasCompositeId()) {

			List<T> results = new ArrayList<T>();

			for (ID id : ids) {
				findById(id).ifPresent(results::add);
			}

			return results;
		}

		ByIdsSpecification<T> specification = new ByIdsSpecification<T>(entityInformation);
		TypedQuery<T> query = getQuery(specification, (Sort) null);

		return query.setParameter(specification.parameter, ids).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Sort)
	 */
	public List<T> findAll(Sort sort) {
		return getQuery(null, sort).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable)
	 */
	public Page<T> findAll(Pageable pageable) {

		if (null == pageable) {
			return new PageImpl<T>(findAll());
		}

		return findAll((Specification<T>) null, pageable);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor#findOne(org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification)
	 */
	public T findOne(Specification<T> spec) {

		try {
			return getQuery(spec, (Sort) null).getSingleResult();
		} catch (NoResultException e) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification)
	 */
	public List<T> findAll(Specification<T> spec) {
		return getQuery(spec, (Sort) null).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification, org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable)
	 */
	public Page<T> findAll(Specification<T> spec, Pageable pageable) {

		TypedQuery<T> query = getQuery(spec, pageable);
		return pageable == null ? new PageImpl<T>(query.getResultList())
				: readPage(query, getDomainClass(), pageable, spec);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification, org.springframework.data.domain.Sort)
	 */
	public List<T> findAll(Specification<T> spec, Sort sort) {
		return getQuery(spec, sort).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findOne(org.springframework.data.domain.Example)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example) {

		try {
			return Optional
					.of(getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), example.getProbeType(), (Sort) null).getSingleResult());
		} catch (NoResultException e) {
			return Optional.empty();
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#count(org.springframework.data.domain.Example)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> long count(Example<S> example) {
		return executeCountQuery(getCountQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), example.getProbeType()));
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#exists(org.springframework.data.domain.Example)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> boolean exists(Example<S> example) {
		return !getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), example.getProbeType(), (Sort) null).getResultList()
				.isEmpty();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Example)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example) {
		return getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), example.getProbeType(), (Sort) null).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Example, org.springframework.data.domain.Sort)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> List<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Sort sort) {
		return getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), example.getProbeType(), sort).getResultList();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.query.QueryByExampleExecutor#findAll(org.springframework.data.domain.Example, org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable)
	 */
	@Override
	public <S extends T> Page<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Pageable pageable) {

		ExampleSpecification<S> spec = new ExampleSpecification<S>(example);
		Class<S> probeType = example.getProbeType();
		TypedQuery<S> query = getQuery(new ExampleSpecification<S>(example), probeType, pageable);

		return pageable == null ? new PageImpl<S>(query.getResultList()) : readPage(query, probeType, pageable, spec);
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#count()
	 */
	public long count() {
		return em.createQuery(getCountQueryString(), Long.class).getSingleResult();
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor#count(org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification)
	 */
	public long count(Specification<T> spec) {
		return executeCountQuery(getCountQuery(spec, getDomainClass()));
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository#save(java.lang.Object)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public <S extends T> S save(S entity) {

		if (entityInformation.isNew(entity)) {
			em.persist(entity);
			return entity;
		} else {
			return em.merge(entity);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#saveAndFlush(java.lang.Object)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public <S extends T> S saveAndFlush(S entity) {

		S result = save(entity);
		flush();

		return result;
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#save(java.lang.Iterable)
	 */
	@Transactional
	public <S extends T> List<S> saveAll(Iterable<S> entities) {

		List<S> result = new ArrayList<S>();

		if (entities == null) {
			return result;
		}

		for (S entity : entities) {
			result.add(save(entity));
		}

		return result;
	}

	/*
	 * (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository#flush()
	 */
	@Transactional
	public void flush() {

		em.flush();
	}

	/**
	 * Reads the given {@link TypedQuery} into a {@link Page} applying the given {@link Pageable} and
	 * {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param query must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param pageable can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 * @deprecated use {@link #readPage(TypedQuery, Class, Pageable, Specification)} instead
	 */
	@Deprecated
	protected Page<T> readPage(TypedQuery<T> query, Pageable pageable, Specification<T> spec) {
		return readPage(query, getDomainClass(), pageable, spec);
	}

	/**
	 * Reads the given {@link TypedQuery} into a {@link Page} applying the given {@link Pageable} and
	 * {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param query must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param pageable can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected <S extends T> Page<S> readPage(TypedQuery<S> query, final Class<S> domainClass, Pageable pageable,
			final Specification<S> spec) {

		if (pageable.isPaged()) {
			query.setFirstResult((int) pageable.getOffset());
			query.setMaxResults(pageable.getPageSize());
		}

		return PageableExecutionUtils.getPage(query.getResultList(), pageable,
				() -> executeCountQuery(getCountQuery(spec, domainClass)));
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link TypedQuery} from the given {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param pageable can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected TypedQuery<T> getQuery(Specification<T> spec, Pageable pageable) {

		Sort sort = pageable == null ? null : pageable.getSort();
		return getQuery(spec, getDomainClass(), sort);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new {@link TypedQuery} from the given {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param pageable can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected <S extends T> TypedQuery<S> getQuery(Specification<S> spec, Class<S> domainClass, Pageable pageable) {

		Sort sort = pageable == null ? null : pageable.getSort();
		return getQuery(spec, domainClass, sort);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a {@link TypedQuery} for the given {@link Specification} and {@link Sort}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param sort can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected TypedQuery<T> getQuery(Specification<T> spec, Sort sort) {
		return getQuery(spec, getDomainClass(), sort);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a {@link TypedQuery} for the given {@link Specification} and {@link Sort}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param sort can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected <S extends T> TypedQuery<S> getQuery(Specification<S> spec, Class<S> domainClass, Sort sort) {

		CriteriaBuilder builder = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
		CriteriaQuery<S> query = builder.createQuery(domainClass);

		Root<S> root = applySpecificationToCriteria(spec, domainClass, query);
		query.select(root);

		if (sort != null && !ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(sort, Sort.unsorted())) {
			query.orderBy(toOrders(sort, root, builder));
		}

		return applyRepositoryMethodMetadata(em.createQuery(query));
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new count query for the given {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 * @deprecated override {@link #getCountQuery(Specification, Class)} instead
	 */
	@Deprecated
	protected TypedQuery<Long> getCountQuery(Specification<T> spec) {
		return getCountQuery(spec, getDomainClass());
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a new count query for the given {@link Specification}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	protected <S extends T> TypedQuery<Long> getCountQuery(Specification<S> spec, Class<S> domainClass) {

		CriteriaBuilder builder = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
		CriteriaQuery<Long> query = builder.createQuery(Long.class);

		Root<S> root = applySpecificationToCriteria(spec, domainClass, query);

		if (query.isDistinct()) {
			query.select(builder.countDistinct(root));
		} else {
			query.select(builder.count(root));
		}

		// Remove all Orders the Specifications might have applied
		query.orderBy(Collections.<Order> emptyList());

		return em.createQuery(query);
	}

	/**
	 * Applies the given {@link Specification} to the given {@link CriteriaQuery}.
	 *
	 * @param spec can be {@literal null}.
	 * @param domainClass must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @param query must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	private <S, U extends T> Root<U> applySpecificationToCriteria(Specification<U> spec, Class<U> domainClass,
			CriteriaQuery<S> query) {

		Assert.notNull(domainClass, "Domain class must not be null!");
		Assert.notNull(query, "CriteriaQuery must not be null!");

		Root<U> root = query.from(domainClass);

		if (spec == null) {
			return root;
		}

		CriteriaBuilder builder = em.getCriteriaBuilder();
		Predicate predicate = spec.toPredicate(root, query, builder);

		if (predicate != null) {
			query.where(predicate);
		}

		return root;
	}

	private <S> TypedQuery<S> applyRepositoryMethodMetadata(TypedQuery<S> query) {

		if (metadata == null) {
			return query;
		}

		LockModeType type = metadata.getLockModeType();
		TypedQuery<S> toReturn = type == null ? query : query.setLockMode(type);

		applyQueryHints(toReturn);

		return toReturn;
	}

	private void applyQueryHints(Query query) {

		for (Entry<String, Object> hint : getQueryHints().withFetchGraphs(em)) {
			query.setHint(hint.getKey(), hint.getValue());
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Executes a count query and transparently sums up all values returned.
	 *
	 * @param query must not be {@literal null}.
	 * @return
	 */
	private static Long executeCountQuery(TypedQuery<Long> query) {

		Assert.notNull(query, "TypedQuery must not be null!");

		List<Long> totals = query.getResultList();
		Long total = 0L;

		for (Long element : totals) {
			total += element == null ? 0 : element;
		}

		return total;
	}

	/**
	 * Specification that gives access to the {@link Parameter} instance used to bind the ids for
	 * {@link SimpleJpaRepository#findAllById(Iterable)}. Workaround for OpenJPA not binding collections to in-clauses
	 * correctly when using by-name binding.
	 *
	 * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-2018?focusedCommentId=13924055">OPENJPA-2018</a>
	 * @author Oliver Gierke
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	private static final class ByIdsSpecification<T> implements Specification<T> {

		private final JpaEntityInformation<T, ?> entityInformation;

		ParameterExpression<Iterable> parameter;

		public ByIdsSpecification(JpaEntityInformation<T, ?> entityInformation) {
			this.entityInformation = entityInformation;
		}

		/*
		 * (non-Javadoc)
		 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification#toPredicate(javax.persistence.criteria.Root, javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery, javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder)
		 */
		public Predicate toPredicate(Root<T> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {

			Path<?> path = root.get(entityInformation.getIdAttribute());
			parameter = cb.parameter(Iterable.class);
			return path.in(parameter);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * {@link Specification} that gives access to the {@link Predicate} instance representing the values contained in the
	 * {@link Example}.
	 *
	 * @author Christoph Strobl
	 * @since 1.10
	 * @param <T>
	 */
	private static class ExampleSpecification<T> implements Specification<T> {

		private final Example<T> example;

		/**
		 * Creates new {@link ExampleSpecification}.
		 *
		 * @param example
		 */
		public ExampleSpecification(Example<T> example) {

			Assert.notNull(example, "Example must not be null!");
			this.example = example;
		}

		/*
		 * (non-Javadoc)
		 * @see org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification#toPredicate(javax.persistence.criteria.Root, javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaQuery, javax.persistence.criteria.CriteriaBuilder)
		 */
		@Override
		public Predicate toPredicate(Root<T> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
			return QueryByExamplePredicateBuilder.getPredicate(root, cb, example);
		}
	}
}