/* Copyright (c) 1995-2000, The Hypersonic SQL Group.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* Neither the name of the Hypersonic SQL Group nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE HYPERSONIC SQL GROUP,
* OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
* on behalf of the Hypersonic SQL Group.
*
*
* For work added by the HSQL Development Group:
*
* Copyright (c) 2001-2008, The HSQL Development Group
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
* list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
*
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* Neither the name of the HSQL Development Group nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
* software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL HSQL DEVELOPMENT GROUP, HSQLDB.ORG,
* OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
* LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
* SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
package org.hsqldb;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import org.hsqldb.lib.FileAccess;
import org.hsqldb.lib.FileUtil;
import org.hsqldb.lib.HashMap;
import org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlDatabaseProperties;
import org.hsqldb.persist.HsqlProperties;
import org.hsqldb.persist.Logger;
// fredt@users 20020130 - patch 476694 by velichko - transaction savepoints
// additions to different parts to support savepoint transactions
// fredt@users 20020215 - patch 1.7.0 - new HsqlProperties class
// support use of properties from database.properties file
// fredt@users 20020218 - patch 1.7.0 - DEFAULT keyword
// support for default values for table columns
// fredt@users 20020305 - patch 1.7.0 - restructuring
// some methods move to Table.java, some removed
// fredt@users 20020221 - patch 513005 by sqlbob@users (RMP) - restructuring
// fredt@users 20020221 - patch 513005 by sqlbob@users (RMP) - error trapping
// boucherb@users 20020130 - patch 1.7.0 - use lookup for speed
// idents listed in alpha-order for easy check of stats...
// fredt@users 20020420 - patch523880 by leptipre@users - VIEW support
// boucherb@users - doc 1.7.0 - added javadoc comments
// tony_lai@users 20020820 - patch 595073 - duplicated exception msg
// tony_lai@users 20020820 - changes to shutdown compact to save memory
// boucherb@users 20020828 - allow reconnect to local db that has shutdown
// fredt@users 20020912 - patch 1.7.1 by fredt - drop duplicate name triggers
// fredt@users 20021112 - patch 1.7.2 by Nitin Chauhan - use of switch
// rewrite of the majority of multiple if(){}else if(){} chains with switch()
// boucherb@users 20020310 - class loader update for JDK 1.1 compliance
// fredt@users 20030401 - patch 1.7.2 by akede@users - data files readonly
// fredt@users 20030401 - patch 1.7.2 by Brendan Ryan - data files in Jar
// boucherb@users 20030405 - removed 1.7.2 lint - updated JavaDocs
// boucherb@users 20030425 - DDL methods are moved to DatabaseCommandInterpreter.java
// boucherb@users - fredt@users 200305..200307 - patch 1.7.2 - DatabaseManager upgrade
// loosecannon1@users - patch 1.7.2 - properties on the JDBC URL
// oj@openoffice.org - changed to file access api
/**
* Database is the root class for HSQL Database Engine database. <p>
*
* It holds the data structure that form an HSQLDB database instance.
*
* Modified significantly from the Hypersonic original in successive
* HSQLDB versions.
*
* @author Thomas Mueller (Hypersonic SQL Group)
* @version 1.8.0
* @since Hypersonic SQL
*/
public class Database {
//
int databaseID;
String sType;
String sName;
// loosecannon1@users 1.7.2 patch properties on the JDBC URL
private HsqlProperties urlProperties;
private String sPath;
DatabaseInformation dbInfo;
ClassLoader classLoader;
/** indicates the state of the database */
private int dbState;
public Logger logger;
/** true means that all tables are readonly. */
boolean databaseReadOnly;
/**
* true means that all CACHED and TEXT tables are readonly.
* MEMORY tables are updatable but updates are not persisted.
*/
private boolean filesReadOnly;
/** true means filesReadOnly but CACHED and TEXT tables are disallowed */
private boolean filesInJar;
public boolean sqlEnforceStrictSize;
public int firstIdentity;
private boolean bIgnoreCase;
private boolean bReferentialIntegrity;
private HsqlDatabaseProperties databaseProperties;
private boolean shutdownOnNoConnection;
// schema invarient objects
private HashMap hAlias;
public UserManager userManager;
public GranteeManager granteeManager;
public HsqlNameManager nameManager;
// session related objects
public SessionManager sessionManager;
public TransactionManager txManager;
CompiledStatementManager compiledStatementManager;
// schema objects
public SchemaManager schemaManager;
public Collation collation;
//
public static final int DATABASE_ONLINE = 1;
public static final int DATABASE_OPENING = 4;
public static final int DATABASE_CLOSING = 8;
public static final int DATABASE_SHUTDOWN = 16;
public static final int CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY = -1;
public static final int CLOSEMODE_NORMAL = 0;
public static final int CLOSEMODE_COMPACT = 1;
public static final int CLOSEMODE_SCRIPT = 2;
/**
* Constructs a new Database object.
*
* @param type is the type of the database: "mem", "file", "res"
* @param path is the fiven path to the database files
* @param name is the combination of type and canonical path
* @param props property overrides placed on the connect URL
* @exception HsqlException if the specified name and path
* combination is illegal or unavailable, or the database files the
* name and path resolves to are in use by another process
*/
Database(String type, String path, String name,
HsqlProperties props) throws HsqlException {
urlProperties = props;
setState(Database.DATABASE_SHUTDOWN);
sName = name;
sType = type;
sPath = path;
if (sType == DatabaseURL.S_RES) {
filesInJar = true;
filesReadOnly = true;
}
// does not need to be done more than once
try {
classLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
} catch (Exception e) {
// strict security policy: just use the system/boot loader
classLoader = null;
}
// oj@openoffice.org - changed to file access api
String fileaccess_class_name =
(String) urlProperties.getProperty("fileaccess_class_name");
if (fileaccess_class_name != null) {
String storagekey = urlProperties.getProperty("storage_key");
try {
Class fileAccessClass = null;
try {
ClassLoader classLoader =
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
fileAccessClass =
classLoader.loadClass(fileaccess_class_name);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
fileAccessClass = Class.forName(fileaccess_class_name);
}
Constructor constructor =
fileAccessClass.getConstructor(new Class[]{
Object.class });
fileaccess =
(FileAccess) constructor.newInstance(new Object[]{
storagekey });
isStoredFileAccess = true;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw Trace.error(Trace.INVALID_FILE_ACCESS_CLASS,
new Object[]{ e.toString() });
}
} else {
fileaccess = FileUtil.getDefaultInstance();
}
shutdownOnNoConnection = urlProperties.getProperty("shutdown",
"false").equals("true");
logger = new Logger();
compiledStatementManager = new CompiledStatementManager(this);
}
/**
* Opens this database. The database should be opened after construction.
*/
synchronized void open() throws HsqlException {
if (!isShutdown()) {
return;
}
reopen();
}
/**
* Opens this database. The database should be opened after construction.
* or reopened by the close(int closemode) method during a
* "shutdown compact". Closes the log if there is an error.
*/
void reopen() throws HsqlException {
boolean isNew;
setState(DATABASE_OPENING);
try {
databaseProperties = new HsqlDatabaseProperties(this);
isNew = !DatabaseURL.isFileBasedDatabaseType(sType)
|| !databaseProperties.checkFileExists();
if (isNew && urlProperties.isPropertyTrue("ifexists")) {
throw Trace.error(Trace.DATABASE_NOT_EXISTS, sName);
}
databaseProperties.load();
databaseProperties.setURLProperties(urlProperties);
compiledStatementManager.reset();
nameManager = new HsqlNameManager();
granteeManager = new GranteeManager(this);
userManager = new UserManager(this);
hAlias = Library.getAliasMap();
schemaManager = new SchemaManager(this);
bReferentialIntegrity = true;
sessionManager = new SessionManager(this);
txManager = new TransactionManager(this);
collation = new Collation();
dbInfo = DatabaseInformation.newDatabaseInformation(this);
databaseProperties.setDatabaseVariables();
if (DatabaseURL.isFileBasedDatabaseType(sType)) {
logger.openLog(this);
}
if (isNew) {
sessionManager.getSysSession().sqlExecuteDirectNoPreChecks(
"CREATE USER SA PASSWORD \"\" ADMIN");
logger.synchLogForce();
}
dbInfo.setWithContent(true);
} catch (Throwable e) {
logger.closeLog(Database.CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY);
logger.releaseLock();
setState(DATABASE_SHUTDOWN);
clearStructures();
DatabaseManager.removeDatabase(this);
if (!(e instanceof HsqlException)) {
e = Trace.error(Trace.GENERAL_ERROR, e.toString());
}
throw (HsqlException) e;
}
setState(DATABASE_ONLINE);
}
/**
* Clears the data structuress, making them elligible for garbage collection.
*/
void clearStructures() {
if (schemaManager != null) {
schemaManager.clearStructures();
}
granteeManager = null;
userManager = null;
hAlias = null;
nameManager = null;
schemaManager = null;
sessionManager = null;
dbInfo = null;
}
/**
* Returns the type of the database: "mem", "file", "res"
*/
public String getType() {
return sType;
}
/**
* Returns the path of the database
*/
public String getPath() {
return sPath;
}
/**
* Returns the database properties.
*/
public HsqlDatabaseProperties getProperties() {
return databaseProperties;
}
/**
* Returns the SessionManager for the database.
*/
public SessionManager getSessionManager() {
return sessionManager;
}
/**
* Returns true if database has been shut down, false otherwise
*/
synchronized boolean isShutdown() {
return dbState == DATABASE_SHUTDOWN;
}
/**
* Constructs a new Session that operates within (is connected to) the
* context of this Database object. <p>
*
* If successful, the new Session object initially operates on behalf of
* the user specified by the supplied user name.
*
* Throws if username or password is invalid.
*/
synchronized Session connect(String username,
String password) throws HsqlException {
User user = userManager.getUser(username, password);
Session session = sessionManager.newSession(this, user,
databaseReadOnly, false);
logger.logConnectUser(session);
return session;
}
/**
* Puts this Database object in global read-only mode. After
* this call, all existing and future sessions are limited to read-only
* transactions. Any following attempts to update the state of the
* database will result in throwing an HsqlException.
*/
public void setReadOnly() {
databaseReadOnly = true;
filesReadOnly = true;
}
/**
* After this call all CACHED and TEXT tables will be set to read-only
* mode. Changes to MEMORY tables will NOT
* be stored or updated in the script file. This mode is intended for
* use with read-only media where data should not be persisted.
*/
public void setFilesReadOnly() {
filesReadOnly = true;
}
/**
* Is this in filesReadOnly mode?
*/
public boolean isFilesReadOnly() {
return filesReadOnly;
}
/**
* Is this in filesInJar mode?
*/
public boolean isFilesInJar() {
return filesInJar;
}
/**
* Returns the UserManager for this Database.
*/
UserManager getUserManager() {
return userManager;
}
/**
* Returns the GranteeManager for this Database.
*/
GranteeManager getGranteeManager() {
return granteeManager;
}
/**
* Sets the isReferentialIntegrity attribute.
*/
public void setReferentialIntegrity(boolean ref) {
bReferentialIntegrity = ref;
}
/**
* Is referential integrity currently enforced?
*/
boolean isReferentialIntegrity() {
return bReferentialIntegrity;
}
/**
* Returns a map from Java method-call name aliases to the
* fully-qualified names of the Java methods themsleves.
*/
HashMap getAliasMap() {
return hAlias;
}
/**
* Returns the fully qualified name for the Java method corresponding to
* the given method alias. If there is no Java method, then returns the
* alias itself.
*/
String getJavaName(String name) throws HsqlException {
String target = (String) hAlias.get(name);
if (target == null) {
target = name;
}
if (HsqlDatabaseProperties.supportsJavaMethod(target)) {
return target;
}
throw Trace.error(Trace.ACCESS_IS_DENIED, target);
}
/**
* Sets the database to treat any new VARCHAR column declarations as
* VARCHAR_IGNORECASE.
*/
void setIgnoreCase(boolean b) {
bIgnoreCase = b;
}
/**
* Does the database treat any new VARCHAR column declarations as
* VARCHAR_IGNORECASE.
*/
boolean isIgnoreCase() {
return bIgnoreCase;
}
/**
* Obtain default table types from database properties
*/
int getDefaultTableType() {
String dttName = getProperties().getProperty(
HsqlDatabaseProperties.hsqldb_default_table_type);
return Token.T_CACHED.equalsIgnoreCase(dttName) ? Table.CACHED_TABLE
: Table.MEMORY_TABLE;
}
/**
* Called by the garbage collector on this Databases object when garbage
* collection determines that there are no more references to it.
*/
protected void finalize() {
if (getState() != DATABASE_ONLINE) {
return;
}
try {
close(CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY);
} catch (HsqlException e) { // it's too late now
}
}
void closeIfLast() {
if (shutdownOnNoConnection && sessionManager.isEmpty()
&& dbState == this.DATABASE_ONLINE) {
try {
close(CLOSEMODE_NORMAL);
} catch (HsqlException e) {}
}
}
/**
* Closes this Database using the specified mode. <p>
*
* <ol>
* <LI> closemode -1 performs SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATELY, equivalent
* to a poweroff or crash.
*
* <LI> closemode 0 performs a normal SHUTDOWN that
* checkpoints the database normally.
*
* <LI> closemode 1 performs a shutdown compact that scripts
* out the contents of any CACHED tables to the log then
* deletes the existing *.data file that contains the data
* for all CACHED table before the normal checkpoint process
* which in turn creates a new, compact *.data file.
* </ol>
*/
void close(int closemode) throws HsqlException {
HsqlException he = null;
setState(DATABASE_CLOSING);
sessionManager.closeAllSessions();
sessionManager.clearAll();
if (filesReadOnly) {
closemode = CLOSEMODE_IMMEDIATELY;
}
// fredt - impact of possible error conditions in closing the log
// should be investigated for the CLOSEMODE_COMPACT mode
logger.closeLog(closemode);
try {
if (closemode == CLOSEMODE_COMPACT) {
clearStructures();
reopen();
setState(DATABASE_CLOSING);
logger.closeLog(CLOSEMODE_NORMAL);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
if (t instanceof HsqlException) {
he = (HsqlException) t;
} else {
he = Trace.error(Trace.GENERAL_ERROR, t.toString());
}
}
classLoader = null;
logger.releaseLock();
setState(DATABASE_SHUTDOWN);
clearStructures();
// fredt - this could change to avoid removing a db from the
// DatabaseManager repository if there are pending getDatabase()
// calls
DatabaseManager.removeDatabase(this);
if (he != null) {
throw he;
}
}
/**
* Ensures system table producer's table cache, if it exists, is set dirty.
* After this call up-to-date versions are generated in response to
* system table requests. <p>
*
* Also resets all prepared statements if a change to database structure
* can possibly affect any existing prepared statement's validity.<p>
*
* The argument is false if the change to the database structure does not
* affect the prepared statement, such as when a new table is added.<p>
*
* The argument is typically true when a database object is dropped,
* altered or a permission was revoked.
*
* @param resetPrepared If true, reset all prepared statements.
*/
public void setMetaDirty(boolean resetPrepared) {
if (dbInfo != null) {
dbInfo.setDirty();
}
if (resetPrepared) {
compiledStatementManager.resetStatements();
}
}
private synchronized void setState(int state) {
dbState = state;
}
synchronized int getState() {
return dbState;
}
String getStateString() {
int state = getState();
switch (state) {
case DATABASE_CLOSING :
return "DATABASE_CLOSING";
case DATABASE_ONLINE :
return "DATABASE_ONLINE";
case DATABASE_OPENING :
return "DATABASE_OPENING";
case DATABASE_SHUTDOWN :
return "DATABASE_SHUTDOWN";
default :
return "UNKNOWN";
}
}
// boucherb@users - 200403?? - patch 1.7.2 - metadata
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Retrieves the uri portion of this object's in-process JDBC url.
*
* @return the uri portion of this object's in-process JDBC url
*/
public String getURI() {
return sName;
}
// oj@openoffice.org - changed to file access api
public HsqlProperties getURLProperties() {
return urlProperties;
}
private FileAccess fileaccess;
private boolean isStoredFileAccess;
public synchronized FileAccess getFileAccess() {
return fileaccess;
}
public synchronized boolean isStoredFileAccess() {
return isStoredFileAccess;
}
}