/*
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package jsr166;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask;
import java.util.concurrent.CountedCompleter;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread;
import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
import java.util.HashSet;
import junit.framework.*;
public class CountedCompleterTest extends JSR166TestCase {
// Runs with "mainPool" use > 1 thread. singletonPool tests use 1
static final int mainPoolSize =
Math.max(2, Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
private static ForkJoinPool mainPool() {
return new ForkJoinPool(mainPoolSize);
}
private static ForkJoinPool singletonPool() {
return new ForkJoinPool(1);
}
private static ForkJoinPool asyncSingletonPool() {
return new ForkJoinPool(1,
ForkJoinPool.defaultForkJoinWorkerThreadFactory,
null, true);
}
private void testInvokeOnPool(ForkJoinPool pool, ForkJoinTask a) {
try {
assertFalse(a.isDone());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertFalse(a.isCancelled());
assertNull(a.getException());
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
assertNull(pool.invoke(a));
assertTrue(a.isDone());
assertTrue(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertFalse(a.isCancelled());
assertNull(a.getException());
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
} finally {
joinPool(pool);
}
}
void checkNotDone(CountedCompleter a) {
assertFalse(a.isDone());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertFalse(a.isCancelled());
assertNull(a.getException());
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
try {
a.get(0L, SECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (TimeoutException success) {
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
}
void checkCompletedNormally(CountedCompleter<?> a) {
assertTrue(a.isDone());
assertFalse(a.isCancelled());
assertTrue(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertNull(a.getException());
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
{
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
assertNull(a.join());
assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(t0) < SMALL_DELAY_MS);
Thread.interrupted();
}
{
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
a.quietlyJoin(); // should be no-op
assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(t0) < SMALL_DELAY_MS);
Thread.interrupted();
}
assertFalse(a.cancel(false));
assertFalse(a.cancel(true));
try {
assertNull(a.get());
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
try {
assertNull(a.get(5L, SECONDS));
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
}
void checkCancelled(CountedCompleter a) {
assertTrue(a.isDone());
assertTrue(a.isCancelled());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertTrue(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertTrue(a.getException() instanceof CancellationException);
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
assertTrue(a.cancel(false));
assertTrue(a.cancel(true));
try {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
a.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
Thread.interrupted();
{
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
a.quietlyJoin(); // should be no-op
assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(t0) < SMALL_DELAY_MS);
}
try {
a.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
try {
a.get(5L, SECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
}
void checkCompletedAbnormally(CountedCompleter a, Throwable t) {
assertTrue(a.isDone());
assertFalse(a.isCancelled());
assertFalse(a.isCompletedNormally());
assertTrue(a.isCompletedAbnormally());
assertSame(t.getClass(), a.getException().getClass());
assertNull(a.getRawResult());
assertFalse(a.cancel(false));
assertFalse(a.cancel(true));
try {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
a.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (Throwable expected) {
assertSame(t.getClass(), expected.getClass());
}
Thread.interrupted();
{
long t0 = System.nanoTime();
a.quietlyJoin(); // should be no-op
assertTrue(millisElapsedSince(t0) < SMALL_DELAY_MS);
}
try {
a.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
assertSame(t.getClass(), success.getCause().getClass());
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
try {
a.get(5L, SECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
assertSame(t.getClass(), success.getCause().getClass());
} catch (Throwable fail) { threadUnexpectedException(fail); }
try {
a.invoke();
shouldThrow();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
assertSame(t, ex);
}
}
public static final class FJException extends RuntimeException {
FJException() { super(); }
}
abstract class CheckedCC extends CountedCompleter<Object> {
final AtomicInteger computeN = new AtomicInteger(0);
final AtomicInteger onCompletionN = new AtomicInteger(0);
final AtomicInteger onExceptionalCompletionN = new AtomicInteger(0);
final AtomicInteger setRawResultN = new AtomicInteger(0);
final AtomicReference<Object> rawResult = new AtomicReference<Object>(null);
int computeN() { return computeN.get(); }
int onCompletionN() { return onCompletionN.get(); }
int onExceptionalCompletionN() { return onExceptionalCompletionN.get(); }
int setRawResultN() { return setRawResultN.get(); }
CheckedCC() { super(); }
CheckedCC(CountedCompleter p) { super(p); }
CheckedCC(CountedCompleter p, int n) { super(p, n); }
abstract void realCompute();
public final void compute() {
computeN.incrementAndGet();
realCompute();
}
public void onCompletion(CountedCompleter caller) {
onCompletionN.incrementAndGet();
super.onCompletion(caller);
}
public boolean onExceptionalCompletion(Throwable ex,
CountedCompleter caller) {
onExceptionalCompletionN.incrementAndGet();
assertNotNull(ex);
assertTrue(isCompletedAbnormally());
assertTrue(super.onExceptionalCompletion(ex, caller));
return true;
}
protected void setRawResult(Object t) {
setRawResultN.incrementAndGet();
rawResult.set(t);
super.setRawResult(t);
}
void checkIncomplete() {
assertEquals(0, computeN());
assertEquals(0, onCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, onExceptionalCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, setRawResultN());
checkNotDone(this);
}
void checkCompletes(Object rawResult) {
checkIncomplete();
int pendingCount = getPendingCount();
complete(rawResult);
assertEquals(pendingCount, getPendingCount());
assertEquals(0, computeN());
assertEquals(1, onCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, onExceptionalCompletionN());
assertEquals(1, setRawResultN());
assertSame(rawResult, this.rawResult.get());
checkCompletedNormally(this);
}
void checkCompletesExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
checkIncomplete();
completeExceptionally(ex);
checkCompletedExceptionally(ex);
}
void checkCompletedExceptionally(Throwable ex) {
assertEquals(0, computeN());
assertEquals(0, onCompletionN());
assertEquals(1, onExceptionalCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, setRawResultN());
assertNull(this.rawResult.get());
checkCompletedAbnormally(this, ex);
}
}
final class NoopCC extends CheckedCC {
NoopCC() { super(); }
NoopCC(CountedCompleter p) { super(p); }
protected void realCompute() {}
}
/**
* A newly constructed CountedCompleter is not completed;
* complete() causes completion. pendingCount is ignored.
*/
public void testComplete() {
for (Object x : new Object[] { Boolean.TRUE, null }) {
for (int pendingCount : new int[] { 0, 42 }) {
testComplete(new NoopCC(), x, pendingCount);
testComplete(new NoopCC(new NoopCC()), x, pendingCount);
}
}
}
void testComplete(NoopCC cc, Object x, int pendingCount) {
cc.setPendingCount(pendingCount);
cc.checkCompletes(x);
}
/**
* completeExceptionally completes exceptionally
*/
public void testCompleteExceptionally() {
new NoopCC()
.checkCompletesExceptionally(new FJException());
new NoopCC(new NoopCC())
.checkCompletesExceptionally(new FJException());
}
/**
* completeExceptionally(null) throws NullPointerException
*/
public void testCompleteExceptionally_null() {
try {
new NoopCC()
.checkCompletesExceptionally(null);
shouldThrow();
} catch (NullPointerException success) {}
}
/**
* setPendingCount sets the reported pending count
*/
public void testSetPendingCount() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
a.setPendingCount(1);
assertEquals(1, a.getPendingCount());
a.setPendingCount(27);
assertEquals(27, a.getPendingCount());
}
/**
* addToPendingCount adds to the reported pending count
*/
public void testAddToPendingCount() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
a.addToPendingCount(1);
assertEquals(1, a.getPendingCount());
a.addToPendingCount(27);
assertEquals(28, a.getPendingCount());
}
/**
* decrementPendingCountUnlessZero decrements reported pending
* count unless zero
*/
public void testDecrementPendingCount() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
a.addToPendingCount(1);
assertEquals(1, a.getPendingCount());
a.decrementPendingCountUnlessZero();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
a.decrementPendingCountUnlessZero();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
}
/**
* compareAndSetPendingCount compares and sets the reported
* pending count
*/
public void testCompareAndSetPendingCount() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
assertTrue(a.compareAndSetPendingCount(0, 1));
assertEquals(1, a.getPendingCount());
assertTrue(a.compareAndSetPendingCount(1, 2));
assertEquals(2, a.getPendingCount());
assertFalse(a.compareAndSetPendingCount(1, 3));
assertEquals(2, a.getPendingCount());
}
/**
* getCompleter returns parent or null if at root
*/
public void testGetCompleter() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertNull(a.getCompleter());
CountedCompleter b = new NoopCC(a);
assertSame(a, b.getCompleter());
CountedCompleter c = new NoopCC(b);
assertSame(b, c.getCompleter());
}
/**
* getRoot returns self if no parent, else parent's root
*/
public void testGetRoot() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
NoopCC b = new NoopCC(a);
NoopCC c = new NoopCC(b);
assertSame(a, a.getRoot());
assertSame(a, b.getRoot());
assertSame(a, c.getRoot());
}
/**
* tryComplete decrements pending count unless zero, in which case
* causes completion
*/
public void testTryComplete() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
int n = 3;
a.setPendingCount(n);
for (; n > 0; n--) {
assertEquals(n, a.getPendingCount());
a.tryComplete();
a.checkIncomplete();
assertEquals(n - 1, a.getPendingCount());
}
a.tryComplete();
assertEquals(0, a.computeN());
assertEquals(1, a.onCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, a.onExceptionalCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, a.setRawResultN());
checkCompletedNormally(a);
}
/**
* propagateCompletion decrements pending count unless zero, in
* which case causes completion, without invoking onCompletion
*/
public void testPropagateCompletion() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
assertEquals(0, a.getPendingCount());
int n = 3;
a.setPendingCount(n);
for (; n > 0; n--) {
assertEquals(n, a.getPendingCount());
a.propagateCompletion();
a.checkIncomplete();
assertEquals(n - 1, a.getPendingCount());
}
a.propagateCompletion();
assertEquals(0, a.computeN());
assertEquals(0, a.onCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, a.onExceptionalCompletionN());
assertEquals(0, a.setRawResultN());
checkCompletedNormally(a);
}
/**
* firstComplete returns this if pending count is zero else null
*/
public void testFirstComplete() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
a.setPendingCount(1);
assertNull(a.firstComplete());
a.checkIncomplete();
assertSame(a, a.firstComplete());
a.checkIncomplete();
}
/**
* firstComplete.nextComplete returns parent if pending count is
* zero else null
*/
public void testNextComplete() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
NoopCC b = new NoopCC(a);
a.setPendingCount(1);
b.setPendingCount(1);
assertNull(b.firstComplete());
assertSame(b, b.firstComplete());
assertNull(b.nextComplete());
a.checkIncomplete();
b.checkIncomplete();
assertSame(a, b.nextComplete());
assertSame(a, b.nextComplete());
a.checkIncomplete();
b.checkIncomplete();
assertNull(a.nextComplete());
b.checkIncomplete();
checkCompletedNormally(a);
}
/**
* quietlyCompleteRoot completes root task
*/
public void testQuietlyCompleteRoot() {
NoopCC a = new NoopCC();
NoopCC b = new NoopCC(a);
NoopCC c = new NoopCC(b);
a.setPendingCount(1);
b.setPendingCount(1);
c.setPendingCount(1);
c.quietlyCompleteRoot();
assertTrue(a.isDone());
assertFalse(b.isDone());
assertFalse(c.isDone());
}
// Invocation tests use some interdependent task classes
// to better test propagation etc
// Version of Fibonacci with different classes for left vs right forks
abstract class CCF extends CheckedCC {
int number;
int rnumber;
public CCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, 1);
this.number = n;
}
protected final void realCompute() {
CCF f = this;
int n = number;
while (n >= 2) {
new RCCF(f, n - 2).fork();
f = new LCCF(f, --n);
}
f.complete(null);
}
}
final class LCCF extends CCF {
public LCCF(int n) { this(null, n); }
public LCCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, n);
}
public final void onCompletion(CountedCompleter caller) {
super.onCompletion(caller);
CCF p = (CCF)getCompleter();
int n = number + rnumber;
if (p != null)
p.number = n;
else
number = n;
}
}
final class RCCF extends CCF {
public RCCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, n);
}
public final void onCompletion(CountedCompleter caller) {
super.onCompletion(caller);
CCF p = (CCF)getCompleter();
int n = number + rnumber;
if (p != null)
p.rnumber = n;
else
number = n;
}
}
// Version of CCF with forced failure in left completions
abstract class FailingCCF extends CheckedCC {
int number;
int rnumber;
public FailingCCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, 1);
this.number = n;
}
protected final void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = this;
int n = number;
while (n >= 2) {
new RFCCF(f, n - 2).fork();
f = new LFCCF(f, --n);
}
f.complete(null);
}
}
final class LFCCF extends FailingCCF {
public LFCCF(int n) { this(null, n); }
public LFCCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, n);
}
public final void onCompletion(CountedCompleter caller) {
super.onCompletion(caller);
FailingCCF p = (FailingCCF)getCompleter();
int n = number + rnumber;
if (p != null)
p.number = n;
else
number = n;
}
}
final class RFCCF extends FailingCCF {
public RFCCF(CountedCompleter parent, int n) {
super(parent, n);
}
public final void onCompletion(CountedCompleter caller) {
super.onCompletion(caller);
completeExceptionally(new FJException());
}
}
/**
* invoke returns when task completes normally.
* isCompletedAbnormally and isCancelled return false for normally
* completed tasks; getRawResult returns null.
*/
public void testInvoke() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertNull(f.invoke());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyInvoke task returns when task completes normally.
* isCompletedAbnormally and isCancelled return false for normally
* completed tasks
*/
public void testQuietlyInvoke() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
f.quietlyInvoke();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.join());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkGet() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.get());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkTimedGet() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get with null time unit throws NPE
*/
public void testForkTimedGetNPE() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(5L, null);
shouldThrow();
} catch (NullPointerException success) {}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkQuietlyJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* helpQuiesce returns when tasks are complete.
* getQueuedTaskCount returns 0 when quiescent
*/
public void testForkHelpQuiesce() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
helpQuiesce();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(0, getQueuedTaskCount());
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalInvoke() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
try {
f.invoke();
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyInvoke task returns when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalQuietlyInvoke() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
f.quietlyInvoke();
assertTrue(f.getException() instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, f.getException());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkGet() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
Throwable cause = success.getCause();
assertTrue(cause instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, cause);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkTimedGet() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
Throwable cause = success.getCause();
assertTrue(cause instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, cause);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkQuietlyJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
assertTrue(f.getException() instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, f.getException());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledInvoke() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
try {
f.invoke();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkGet() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkTimedGet() throws Exception {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkQuietlyJoin() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
checkCancelled(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* getPool of executing task returns its pool
*/
public void testGetPool() {
final ForkJoinPool mainPool = mainPool();
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
assertSame(mainPool, getPool());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool, a);
}
/**
* getPool of non-FJ task returns null
*/
public void testGetPool2() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
assertNull(getPool());
}};
assertNull(a.invoke());
}
/**
* inForkJoinPool of executing task returns true
*/
public void testInForkJoinPool() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
assertTrue(inForkJoinPool());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* inForkJoinPool of non-FJ task returns false
*/
public void testInForkJoinPool2() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
assertFalse(inForkJoinPool());
}};
assertNull(a.invoke());
}
/**
* setRawResult(null) succeeds
*/
public void testSetRawResult() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
setRawResult(null);
assertNull(getRawResult());
}};
assertNull(a.invoke());
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception after invoking completeExceptionally
*/
public void testCompleteExceptionally2() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF n = new LCCF(8);
CCF f = new LCCF(n, 8);
FJException ex = new FJException();
f.completeExceptionally(ex);
f.checkCompletedExceptionally(ex);
n.checkCompletedExceptionally(ex);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(t1, t2) invokes all task arguments
*/
public void testInvokeAll2() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
invokeAll(f, g);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with 1 argument invokes task
*/
public void testInvokeAll1() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
invokeAll(f);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with > 2 argument invokes tasks
*/
public void testInvokeAll3() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
invokeAll(f, g, h);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
assertEquals(13, h.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
checkCompletedNormally(h);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(collection) invokes all tasks in the collection
*/
public void testInvokeAllCollection() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
HashSet set = new HashSet();
set.add(f);
set.add(g);
set.add(h);
invokeAll(set);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
assertEquals(13, h.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
checkCompletedNormally(h);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with any null task throws NPE
*/
public void testInvokeAllNPE() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = null;
try {
invokeAll(f, g, h);
shouldThrow();
} catch (NullPointerException success) {}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(t1, t2) throw exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll2() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
try {
invokeAll(f, g);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with 1 argument throws exception if task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll1() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
try {
invokeAll(g);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with > 2 argument throws exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll3() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
try {
invokeAll(f, g, h);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(collection) throws exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAllCollection() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
HashSet set = new HashSet();
set.add(f);
set.add(g);
set.add(h);
try {
invokeAll(set);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(mainPool(), a);
}
/**
* tryUnfork returns true for most recent unexecuted task,
* and suppresses execution
*/
public void testTryUnfork() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertTrue(f.tryUnfork());
helpQuiesce();
checkNotDone(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* getSurplusQueuedTaskCount returns > 0 when
* there are more tasks than threads
*/
public void testGetSurplusQueuedTaskCount() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
assertSame(h, h.fork());
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertTrue(getSurplusQueuedTaskCount() > 0);
helpQuiesce();
assertEquals(0, getSurplusQueuedTaskCount());
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
checkCompletedNormally(h);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* peekNextLocalTask returns most recent unexecuted task.
*/
public void testPeekNextLocalTask() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(f, peekNextLocalTask());
assertNull(f.join());
checkCompletedNormally(f);
helpQuiesce();
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* pollNextLocalTask returns most recent unexecuted task without
* executing it
*/
public void testPollNextLocalTask() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(f, pollNextLocalTask());
helpQuiesce();
checkNotDone(f);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* pollTask returns an unexecuted task without executing it
*/
public void testPollTask() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(f, pollTask());
helpQuiesce();
checkNotDone(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* peekNextLocalTask returns least recent unexecuted task in async mode
*/
public void testPeekNextLocalTaskAsync() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(g, peekNextLocalTask());
assertNull(f.join());
helpQuiesce();
checkCompletedNormally(f);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(asyncSingletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* pollNextLocalTask returns least recent unexecuted task without
* executing it, in async mode
*/
public void testPollNextLocalTaskAsync() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(g, pollNextLocalTask());
helpQuiesce();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkNotDone(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(asyncSingletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* pollTask returns an unexecuted task without executing it, in
* async mode
*/
public void testPollTaskAsync() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
assertSame(g, g.fork());
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertSame(g, pollTask());
helpQuiesce();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkNotDone(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(asyncSingletonPool(), a);
}
// versions for singleton pools
/**
* invoke returns when task completes normally.
* isCompletedAbnormally and isCancelled return false for normally
* completed tasks; getRawResult returns null.
*/
public void testInvokeSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertNull(f.invoke());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyInvoke task returns when task completes normally.
* isCompletedAbnormally and isCancelled return false for normally
* completed tasks
*/
public void testQuietlyInvokeSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
f.quietlyInvoke();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.join());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkGetSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.get());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkTimedGetSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
assertNull(f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get with null time unit throws NPE
*/
public void testForkTimedGetNPESingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(5L, null);
shouldThrow();
} catch (NullPointerException success) {}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task completes
*/
public void testForkQuietlyJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* helpQuiesce returns when tasks are complete.
* getQueuedTaskCount returns 0 when quiescent
*/
public void testForkHelpQuiesceSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
helpQuiesce();
assertEquals(0, getQueuedTaskCount());
assertEquals(21, f.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
try {
f.invoke();
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyInvoke task returns when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalQuietlyInvokeSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
f.quietlyInvoke();
assertTrue(f.getException() instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, f.getException());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkGetSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
Throwable cause = success.getCause();
assertTrue(cause instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, cause);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task throws exception when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkTimedGetSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (ExecutionException success) {
Throwable cause = success.getCause();
assertTrue(cause instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, cause);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task completes abnormally
*/
public void testAbnormalForkQuietlyJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
assertTrue(f.getException() instanceof FJException);
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, f.getException());
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledInvokeSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
try {
f.invoke();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* join of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.join();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* get of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkGetSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get();
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* timed get of a forked task throws exception when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkTimedGetSingleton() throws Exception {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() throws Exception {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
try {
f.get(LONG_DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);
shouldThrow();
} catch (CancellationException success) {
checkCancelled(f);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* quietlyJoin of a forked task returns when task cancelled
*/
public void testCancelledForkQuietlyJoinSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
assertTrue(f.cancel(true));
assertSame(f, f.fork());
f.quietlyJoin();
checkCancelled(f);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invoke task throws exception after invoking completeExceptionally
*/
public void testCompleteExceptionallySingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF n = new LCCF(8);
CCF f = new LCCF(n, 8);
FJException ex = new FJException();
f.completeExceptionally(ex);
f.checkCompletedExceptionally(ex);
n.checkCompletedExceptionally(ex);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(t1, t2) invokes all task arguments
*/
public void testInvokeAll2Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
invokeAll(f, g);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with 1 argument invokes task
*/
public void testInvokeAll1Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
invokeAll(f);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with > 2 argument invokes tasks
*/
public void testInvokeAll3Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
invokeAll(f, g, h);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
assertEquals(13, h.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
checkCompletedNormally(h);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(collection) invokes all tasks in the collection
*/
public void testInvokeAllCollectionSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
HashSet set = new HashSet();
set.add(f);
set.add(g);
set.add(h);
invokeAll(set);
assertEquals(21, f.number);
assertEquals(34, g.number);
assertEquals(13, h.number);
checkCompletedNormally(f);
checkCompletedNormally(g);
checkCompletedNormally(h);
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with any null task throws NPE
*/
public void testInvokeAllNPESingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = null;
try {
invokeAll(f, g, h);
shouldThrow();
} catch (NullPointerException success) {}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(t1, t2) throw exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll2Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
try {
invokeAll(f, g);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with 1 argument throws exception if task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll1Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
try {
invokeAll(g);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(tasks) with > 2 argument throws exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAll3Singleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
CCF f = new LCCF(8);
FailingCCF g = new LFCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
try {
invokeAll(f, g, h);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(g, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
/**
* invokeAll(collection) throws exception if any task does
*/
public void testAbnormalInvokeAllCollectionSingleton() {
ForkJoinTask a = new CheckedRecursiveAction() {
protected void realCompute() {
FailingCCF f = new LFCCF(8);
CCF g = new LCCF(9);
CCF h = new LCCF(7);
HashSet set = new HashSet();
set.add(f);
set.add(g);
set.add(h);
try {
invokeAll(set);
shouldThrow();
} catch (FJException success) {
checkCompletedAbnormally(f, success);
}
}};
testInvokeOnPool(singletonPool(), a);
}
}