/*
* Copyright 2011, The gwtquery team.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package gwtquery.samples.client;
import static com.google.gwt.query.client.GQuery.$;
import static com.google.gwt.query.client.GQuery.document;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.EntryPoint;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.GWT;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.Scheduler;
import com.google.gwt.core.client.Scheduler.RepeatingCommand;
import com.google.gwt.dom.client.Element;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.Function;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.GQuery;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.Selectors.DeferredSelector;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineCssToXPath;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineImpl;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineNative;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineNativeIE8;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineNativeMin;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineNativeMinIE8;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineSizzle;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.SelectorEngineSizzleIE;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.research.SelectorEngineJS;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.research.SelectorEngineSizzleGwt;
import com.google.gwt.query.client.impl.research.SelectorEngineXPath;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.DOM;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.Window;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.FlexTable;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.HTML;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.PopupPanel;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.RootPanel;
/**
* Module to test and compare the performance of each Js-Library and
* each Gwt selector implementation.
*
* It is possible to select which benchmarks to run. Be aware that
* not all of them work in all browsers.
* By default selected options are gwt_compiled, gwt_dynamic, jquery and prototype.
*
* It uses iframes to avoid interferences when updating the document.
* By default the iframe is shared for all libraries, but you can use
* a different one for each benchmark appending the parameter share=false.
*
* Parameters available in the url
* share=false Use different iframes for each bench
* min=200 Minimum time running each selector
* track=false Don't draw the horse race
* ask=false Run default benchmarks, don't ask the user.
*/
public class GwtQueryBenchModule implements EntryPoint {
public interface Benchmark {
String getId();
String getName();
int runSelector(DeferredSelector dq);
}
/**
* Benchmark for dynamic selectors
*/
private class DynamicBenchmark implements Benchmark {
protected SelectorEngineImpl engine;
private String id;
DynamicBenchmark(SelectorEngineImpl engine, String name) {
this.id = name;
this.engine = engine;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public String getName() {
String name = engine.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^.*\\.", "");
return name;
}
public int runSelector(DeferredSelector dq) {
return engine.select(dq.getSelector(), gwtiframe).getLength();
}
}
/**
* Benchmark for the compiled selectors
*/
private class GQueryCompiledBenchmark implements Benchmark {
String id;
String name;
GQueryCompiledBenchmark(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public String getName() {
if (name == null) {
MySelectors s = GWT.create(MySelectors.class);
s.body(document);
name = s.getClass().getName().replaceAll("^.*_", "");
if (s.isDegradated()) {
name += " [degradated]";
}
}
return name;
}
public int runSelector(DeferredSelector dq) {
return dq.runSelector(gwtiframe).getLength();
}
}
/**
* Benchmark for external libraries
*/
private class IframeBenchmark implements Benchmark {
private String id;
IframeBenchmark(String name) {
this.id = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public String getName() {
return id;
}
public int runSelector(DeferredSelector dq) {
return runSelector(id, dq.getSelector());
}
public native int runSelector(String id, String selector) /*-{
return eval("$wnd." + id + "benchmark('" + selector + "')");
}-*/;
}
public static native void exportIframeReadyCallback(GwtQueryBenchModule bench) /*-{
$wnd.iframebench_ready_callback = function() {
bench.@gwtquery.samples.client.GwtQueryBenchModule::iframeReadyCallback()();
};
}-*/;
private boolean ask = true;
private Function askBenchMarks = new Function(){
public void f() {
if (!running && ask) {
selectPanel.center();
} else {
runBenchMarks.f();
}
}
};
/**
* List of available benchmarks.
*/
private final Benchmark[] benchmarks = new Benchmark[] {
new GQueryCompiledBenchmark("gwt_compiled"),
new DynamicBenchmark((SelectorEngineImpl)GWT.create(SelectorEngineImpl.class), "gwt_dynamic"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineSizzle(), "gwt_sizzle_jsni"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineSizzleIE(), "gwt_sizzle_ie_jsni"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineSizzleGwt(), "gwt_sizzle_java"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineJS(), "gwt_domassist_java"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineXPath(), "gwt_xpath"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineCssToXPath(), "gwt_css2xpath"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineNative(), "gwt_native"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineNativeIE8(), "gwt_nativeIE8"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineNativeMin(), "gwt_native_min"),
new DynamicBenchmark(new SelectorEngineNativeMinIE8(), "gwt_native_minIE8"),
new IframeBenchmark("jquery"),
new IframeBenchmark("dojo"),
new IframeBenchmark("prototype"),
new IframeBenchmark("sizzle"),
new IframeBenchmark("domassistant")
};
/**
* Pre-selected benchmarks
*/
private String[] defaultBenchmarks = {"gwt_compiled", "gwt_dynamic", "jquery", "prototype", "dojo"};
private DeferredSelector ds[];
private FlexTable grid = new FlexTable();
private Element gwtiframe;
private int min_time = 200;
private boolean running = false;
/**
* Main function to run all the selected benchmarks
*/
private Function runBenchMarks = new Function() {
public void f() {
// Force to stop the race
if (running) {
running = false;
$("#startrace").text("Run Again");
return;
}
running = true;
selectedBenchmarks = readBenchmarkSelection();
selectPanel.hide();
$("#startrace").text("Stop the race");
$("#results").show();
initResultsTable(ds, selectedBenchmarks);
initTrack(selectedBenchmarks);
Scheduler.get().scheduleIncremental(new RepeatingCommand() {
int benchMarkNumber = 0;
int numCalls = 0;
int row = 0;
double runTimes[] = new double[selectedBenchmarks.length];
int selectorNumber = 0;
double totalTimes[] = new double[selectedBenchmarks.length];
int winner = -1;
double winTime = Double.MAX_VALUE;
public boolean execute() {
// The race has been stopped
if (!running) {
return false;
}
if (benchMarkNumber >= selectedBenchmarks.length) {
benchMarkNumber = 0;
numCalls = 0;
row ++;
moveHorses(selectedBenchmarks, row, totalTimes);
setResultClass(selectorNumber, winner);
selectorNumber++;
winner = -1;
winTime = Double.MAX_VALUE;
if (selectorNumber >= ds.length) {
double min = Double.MAX_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < totalTimes.length; i++) {
if (totalTimes[i] < min) {
min = totalTimes[i];
}
}
d(selectorNumber, -1, "Total");
for (int i = 0; i < totalTimes.length; i++) {
d(selectorNumber, i, (((int) (totalTimes[i] * 100)) / 100.0) + " ms");
if (totalTimes[i] <= min) {
flagWinner(selectedBenchmarks[i].getId());
$("#startrace").text("Run Again");
setResultClass(selectorNumber, i);
}
}
return false;
}
}
DeferredSelector d = ds[selectorNumber];
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int num = 0;
long end = start;
Benchmark m = selectedBenchmarks[benchMarkNumber];
double runtime = min_time;
int found = 0;
try {
do {
num += m.runSelector(d);
end = System.currentTimeMillis();
numCalls++;
} while (end - start < min_time);
runtime = (double) (end - start) / numCalls;
if (runtime < winTime) {
winTime = runtime;
winner = benchMarkNumber;
}
found = num / numCalls;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
found = -1;
}
runTimes[benchMarkNumber] = runtime;
d(selectorNumber, benchMarkNumber, runtime, found);
totalTimes[benchMarkNumber] += runtime;
numCalls = 0;
benchMarkNumber++;
return true;
}
});
}
};
private Benchmark[] selectedBenchmarks;
private PopupPanel selectPanel = new PopupPanel() {{
addStyleName("spanel");
}};
private PopupPanel helpPanel = new PopupPanel() {{
setAutoHideEnabled(true);
setWidget(new HTML($("#help").html()));
addStyleName("help");
}};
private boolean shareIframes = true;
private double trackWidth;
private boolean useTrack = true;
public void iframeReadyCallback() {
writeTestContent($(".ibench").contents().find("body").get(0));
gwtiframe = $(".ibench").eq(0).contents().get(0);
$("#startrace").text("Start the race");
$("#startrace").click(ask ? askBenchMarks: runBenchMarks);
$("#about").click(new Function(){
public void f() {
helpPanel.center();
}
});
}
/**
* EntryPoint
*/
public void onModuleLoad() {
final MySelectors m = GWT.create(MySelectors.class);
ds = m.getAllSelectors();
String par = Window.Location.getParameter("min");
if (par != null) {
min_time = Integer.parseInt(par);
}
par = Window.Location.getParameter("share");
if (par != null && "false".equals(par)) {
shareIframes = false;
}
par = Window.Location.getParameter("track");
if (par != null && "false".equals(par)) {
useTrack = false;
}
par = Window.Location.getParameter("ask");
if (par != null && "false".equals(par)) {
ask = false;
}
exportIframeReadyCallback(this);
initSelects(benchmarks);
initIFrames();
$("#results").hide();
}
private void d(int selnumber, int benchnumber, double time, int found) {
String text = found < 0 ? "Error" : "" + (((int) (time * 10)) / 10.0) + " ms | " + found + " found";
d(selnumber, benchnumber, text);
}
private void d(int selnumber, int benchnumber, String text) {
grid.setText(selnumber + 1, benchnumber + 1, text);
Element td = grid.getCellFormatter().getElement(selnumber + 1, benchnumber + 1);
DOM.scrollIntoView((com.google.gwt.user.client.Element) td);
}
private void flagWinner(String idWinner) {
GQuery g = $("#" + idWinner + "horse" + " nobr");
$(".flag").appendTo(g).show();
}
/**
* Insert the iframes for benchmarking.
* Depending on the parameter share, we will generate one iframe
* for each benchmark or we will share the same one.
*/
private void initIFrames() {
String i = "<iframe class=ibench id=%ID%bench src=html/%ID%bench.html></iframe>";
if (! shareIframes ) {
$(i.replaceAll("%ID%", "gwt")).appendTo(document).hide();
for (Benchmark b : benchmarks) {
if (b instanceof IframeBenchmark) {
$(i.replaceAll("%ID%", b.getId())).appendTo(document).hide();
}
}
} else {
$(i.replaceAll("%ID%", "iframe")).appendTo(document).hide();
}
}
/**
* Reset the result table
*/
private void initResultsTable(DeferredSelector[] dg, Benchmark... benchs) {
int numRows = dg.length;
grid = new FlexTable();
grid.addStyleName("resultstable");
RootPanel.get("results").clear();
RootPanel.get("results").add(grid);
grid.setText(0, 0, "Selector");
for (int i=0; i < benchs.length; i++) {
grid.setText(0, i+1, benchs[i].getId());
}
for (int i = 0; i < numRows; i++) {
grid.setText(i+1, 0, dg[i].getSelector());
for (int j = 0; j < benchs.length; j++) {
grid.setText(i+1, j+1, "-");
}
}
}
/**
* Initialize the selects to choose the benchmarks to run
*/
private void initSelects(Benchmark... benchs) {
String opt = "<input type='checkbox' name='n' value='%ID%' %SEL%>%ID%</input><br/>";
selectPanel.add(new HTML("<div id=selectcontainer><strong>Make your selection</strong><hr/></div>"));
selectPanel.show();
GQuery g = $("#selectcontainer");
for (Benchmark b : benchs) {
String select = opt;
for (String s : defaultBenchmarks) {
if (s.equals(b.getId())) {
select = select.replaceAll("%SEL%", "checked='checked'");
}
}
g.append(select.replaceAll("%ID%", b.getId() + " " + b.getName()).replaceAll("%SEL", ""));
}
g.append("<br/><button id=run>Run</button>");
$("#run").click(runBenchMarks);
selectPanel.hide();
}
/**
* Initialize the track with the horses
*/
private void initTrack(Benchmark... benchs) {
if (!useTrack) return;
String tpl = "<div id=%ID%horse class=horse><nobr><img class=himg src=images/bench/horse.gif><span>%ID%</span></nobr></div>";
GQuery g = $("#racefield").html("");
for (Benchmark b : benchs) {
String id = b.getId();
String lg = id.contains("gwt") ? "gwt" : id;
String s = tpl.replaceAll("%ID%", id).replaceAll("%LG%", lg);
g.append($(s));
}
GQuery flag = $("<img class=flag src='images/bench/animated-flag.gif'/>").appendTo(document);
// These values are set in the css.
int horseHeight = 35;
int horseWidth = 150;
int flagWidth = 35;
int height = horseHeight * (benchs.length + 1);
$("#racetrack").css("height", height + "px");
trackWidth = g.width() - horseWidth - flagWidth;
flag.hide();
}
/**
* Update horse possition.
* Note that the calculated position is relative with the faster horse,
* so a horse could move back.
*/
private void moveHorses(Benchmark[] b, int row, double[] totalTimes) {
if (!useTrack) return;
double winnerTime = Double.MAX_VALUE;
for (double d : totalTimes) {
winnerTime = Math.min(winnerTime, d);
}
double winnerPos = row * (double) trackWidth / (double) ds.length;
for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
GQuery g = $("#" + b[i].getId() + "horse");
double pos = winnerPos * winnerTime / totalTimes[i];
g.css("left", (int)pos + "px");
}
}
private Benchmark[] readBenchmarkSelection() {
ArrayList<Benchmark> bs = new ArrayList<Benchmark>();
for (Element e : $("input", selectPanel.getElement()).elements()) {
String val = $(e).val().replaceAll(" .*$", "");
if ($(e).<Boolean>prop("checked")) {
for (Benchmark b : benchmarks) {
if (b.getId().equals(val)) {
bs.add(b);
}
}
}
}
return bs.toArray(new Benchmark[bs.size()]);
}
private void setResultClass(int selNumber, int winNumber) {
Element e = grid.getCellFormatter().getElement(selNumber + 1, winNumber + 1);
$(e).addClass("win").siblings().attr("class", "").addClass("tie").eq(0).removeClass("tie");
}
/**
* This ugly method is used to initialize a huge html String
* plenty of html tags which will be used for the tests,
* because java 1.5 has a limitation in the size of static strings.
*/
private void writeTestContent(Element e) {
String ret = "";
ret += "<html><head> </head><body><div>";
ret += " <div class='head dialog'>";
ret += " <p><a href='http://www.w3.org/'><img alt='W3C' src='' height='48' width='72'></a></p>";
ret += " <h1 id='title'>Selectors</h1>";
ret += " <em><span>.</span></em>";
ret += " <h2>W3C Working Draft 15 December 2005</h2>";
ret += " <dl>";
ret += " <dt>This version:</dt>";
ret += " <dd><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215'>";
ret += " http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215</a></dd>";
ret += " <dt>Latest version:";
ret += " </dt><dd><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors'>";
ret += " http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors</a>";
ret += " </dd><dt>Previous version:";
ret += " </dt><dd><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/CR-css3-selectors-20011113'>";
ret += " http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/CR-css3-selectors-20011113</a>";
ret += " </dd><dt><a name='editors-list'></a>Editors:";
ret += " </dt><dd class='vcard'><span class='fn'>Daniel Glazman</span> (Invited";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dd class='vcard'><a class='url fn' href='http://www.tantek.com/' lang='tr'>Tantek Çelik</a>";
ret += " </dd><dd class='vcard'><a href='mailto:ian@hixie.ch' class='url fn'>Ian";
ret += " Hickson</a> (<span class='company'><a href='http://www.google.com/'>Google</a></span>)";
ret += " </dd><dd class='vcard'><span class='fn'>Peter Linss</span> (former";
ret += " editor, <span class='company'><a href='http://www.netscape.com/'>Netscape/AOL</a></span>)";
ret += " </dd><dd class='vcard'><span class='fn'>John Williams</span> (former editor, <span class='company'><a href='http://www.quark.com/'>Quark, Inc.</a></span>)";
ret += " </dd></dl>";
ret += " <p class='copyright'><a href='http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright'>";
ret += " Copyright</a> © 2005 <a href='http://www.w3.org/'><abbr title='World Wide Web Consortium'>W3C</abbr></a><sup>®</sup>";
ret += " (<a href='http://www.csail.mit.edu/'><abbr title='Massachusetts";
ret += " Institute of Technology'>MIT</abbr></a>, <a href='http://www.ercim.org/'><acronym title='European Research";
ret += " Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics'>ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a href='http://www.keio.ac.jp/'>Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved.";
ret += " <a href='http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer'>liability</a>,";
ret += " <a href='http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks'>trademark</a>,";
ret += " <a href='http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents'>document";
ret += " use</a> rules apply.";
ret += " </p><hr title='Separator for header'>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h2><a name='abstract'></a>Abstract</h2>";
ret += " <p><em>Selectors</em> are patterns that match against elements in a";
ret += " tree. Selectors have been optimized for use with HTML and XML, and";
ret += " are designed to be usable in performance-critical code.</p>";
ret += " <p><acronym title='Cascading Style Sheets'>CSS</acronym> (Cascading";
ret += " Style Sheets) is a language for describing the rendering of <acronym title='Hypertext Markup Language'>HTML</acronym> and <acronym title='Extensible Markup Language'>XML</acronym> documents on";
ret += " screen, on paper, in speech, etc. CSS uses Selectors for binding";
ret += " describes extensions to the selectors defined in CSS level 2. These";
ret += " extended selectors will be used by CSS level 3.";
ret += " </p><p>Selectors define the following function:</p>";
ret += " <pre>expression ∗ element → boolean</pre>";
ret += " <p>That is, given an element and a selector, this specification";
ret += " defines whether that element matches the selector.</p>";
ret += " <p>These expressions can also be used, for instance, to select a set";
ret += " subtree. <acronym title='Simple Tree Transformation";
ret += " Sheets'>STTS</acronym> (Simple Tree Transformation Sheets), a";
ret += " language for transforming XML trees, uses this mechanism. <a href='#refsSTTS'>[STTS]</a></p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='status'></a>Status of this document</h2>";
ret += " <p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the";
ret += " of this technical report can be found in the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/'>W3C technical reports index at";
ret += " http://www.w3.org/TR/.</a></em></p>";
ret += " <p>This document describes the selectors that already exist in <a href='#refsCSS1'><abbr title='CSS level 1'>CSS1</abbr></a> and <a href='#refsCSS21'><abbr title='CSS level 2'>CSS2</abbr></a>, and";
ret += " also proposes new selectors for <abbr title='CSS level";
ret += " 3'>CSS3</abbr> and other languages that may need them.</p>";
ret += " <p>The CSS Working Group doesn't expect that all implementations of";
ret += " CSS3 will have to implement all selectors. Instead, there will";
ret += " will include all of the selectors.</p>";
ret += " <p>This specification is a last call working draft for the the <a href='http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/members'>CSS Working Group</a>";
ret += " (<a href='/Style/'>Style Activity</a>). This";
ret += " document is a revision of the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/CR-css3-selectors-20011113/'>Candidate";
ret += " Recommendation dated 2001 November 13</a>, and has incorporated";
ret += " be demonstrable.</p>";
ret += " <p>All persons are encouraged to review and implement this";
ret += " specification and return comments to the (<a href='http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/'>archived</a>)";
ret += " public mailing list <a href='http://www.w3.org/Mail/Lists.html#www-style'>www-style</a>";
ret += " (see <a href='http://www.w3.org/Mail/Request'>instructions</a>). W3C";
ret += " The deadline for comments is 14 January 2006.</p>";
ret += " <p>This is still a draft document and may be updated, replaced, or";
ret += " </p><p>This document may be available in <a href='http://www.w3.org/Style/css3-selectors-updates/translations'>translation</a>.";
ret += " </p><div class='subtoc'>";
ret += " <h2><a name='contents'>Table of contents</a></h2>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline2'><a href='#context'>1. Introduction</a>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><a href='#dependencies'>1.1. Dependencies</a></li>";
ret += " <li><a href='#terminology'>1.2. Terminology</a></li>";
ret += " <li><a href='#changesFromCSS2'>1.3. Changes from CSS2</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#selectors'>2. Selectors</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#casesens'>3. Case sensitivity</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#selector-syntax'>4. Selector syntax</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#grouping'>5. Groups of selectors</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#simple-selectors'>6. Simple selectors</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline3'><a href='#type-selectors'>6.1. Type";
ret += " selectors</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline4'><a href='#typenmsp'>6.1.1. Type";
ret += " selectors and namespaces</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#universal-selector'>6.2.";
ret += " Universal selector</a>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><a href='#univnmsp'>6.2.1. Universal selector and";
ret += " namespaces</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>6.3.";
ret += " Attribute selectors</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline4'><a href='#attribute-representation'>6.3.1.";
ret += " values</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#attribute-substrings'>6.3.2. Substring";
ret += " matching attribute selectors</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#attrnmsp'>6.3.3.";
ret += " Attribute selectors and namespaces</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#def-values'>6.3.4.";
ret += " Default attribute values in DTDs</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#class-html'>6.4. Class";
ret += " selectors</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#id-selectors'>6.5. ID";
ret += " selectors</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#pseudo-classes'>6.6.";
ret += " Pseudo-classes</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline4'><a href='#dynamic-pseudos'>6.6.1.";
ret += " Dynamic pseudo-classes</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#target-pseudo'>6.6.2. The";
ret += " :target pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#lang-pseudo'>6.6.3. The";
ret += " :lang() pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#UIstates'>6.6.4. UI";
ret += " element states pseudo-classes</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>6.6.5.";
ret += " Structural pseudo-classes</a>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><a href='#root-pseudo'>:root";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#nth-child-pseudo'>:nth-child()";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#nth-last-child-pseudo'>:nth-last-child()</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#nth-of-type-pseudo'>:nth-of-type()";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#nth-last-of-type-pseudo'>:nth-last-of-type()</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#first-child-pseudo'>:first-child";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#last-child-pseudo'>:last-child";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#first-of-type-pseudo'>:first-of-type";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#last-of-type-pseudo'>:last-of-type";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#only-child-pseudo'>:only-child";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#only-of-type-pseudo'>:only-of-type";
ret += " pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#empty-pseudo'>:empty";
ret += " pseudo-class</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#negation'>6.6.7. The";
ret += " negation pseudo-class</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#pseudo-elements'>7. Pseudo-elements</a>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><a href='#first-line'>7.1. The ::first-line";
ret += " pseudo-element</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#first-letter'>7.2. The ::first-letter";
ret += " pseudo-element</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#UIfragments'>7.3. The ::selection";
ret += " pseudo-element</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#gen-content'>7.4. The ::before and ::after";
ret += " pseudo-elements</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#combinators'>8. Combinators</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline3'><a href='#descendant-combinators'>8.1.";
ret += " Descendant combinators</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#child-combinators'>8.2. Child";
ret += " combinators</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#sibling-combinators'>8.3. Sibling";
ret += " combinators</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline4'><a href='#adjacent-sibling-combinators'>8.3.1.";
ret += " Adjacent sibling combinator</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline4'><a href='#general-sibling-combinators'>8.3.2.";
ret += " General sibling combinator</a></li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#specificity'>9. Calculating a selector's";
ret += " specificity</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#w3cselgrammar'>10. The grammar of";
ret += " Selectors</a>";
ret += " <ul class='toc'>";
ret += " <li class='tocline3'><a href='#grammar'>10.1. Grammar</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline3'><a href='#lex'>10.2. Lexical scanner</a>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#downlevel'>11. Namespaces and down-level";
ret += " clients</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#profiling'>12. Profiles</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#Conformance'>13. Conformance and requirements</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#Tests'>14. Tests</a>";
ret += " </li><li><a href='#ACKS'>15. Acknowledgements</a>";
ret += " </li><li class='tocline2'><a href='#references'>16. References</a>";
ret += " </li></ul>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h2><a name='context'>1. Introduction</a></h2>";
ret += " <h3><a name='dependencies'></a>1.1. Dependencies</h3>";
ret += " <p>Some features of this specification are specific to CSS, or have";
ret += " specification, these have been described in terms of CSS2.1. <a href='#refsCSS21'>[CSS21]</a></p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='terminology'></a>1.2. Terminology</h3>";
ret += " <p>All of the text of this specification is normative except";
ret += " non-normative.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='changesFromCSS2'></a>1.3. Changes from CSS2</h3>";
ret += " <p><em>This section is non-normative.</em></p>";
ret += " <p>The main differences between the selectors in CSS2 and those in";
ret += " Selectors are:";
ret += " </p><ul>";
ret += " <li>the list of basic definitions (selector, group of selectors,";
ret += " of simple selectors, and the term 'simple selector' is now used for";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>an optional namespace component is now allowed in type element";
ret += " selectors, the universal selector and attribute selectors";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>a <a href='#general-sibling-combinators'>new combinator</a> has been";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>new simple selectors including substring matching attribute";
ret += " selectors, and new pseudo-classes";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>new pseudo-elements, and introduction of the '::' convention";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>the grammar has been rewritten</li>";
ret += " <li>profiles to be added to specifications integrating Selectors";
ret += " and defining the set of selectors which is actually supported by";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>Selectors are now a CSS3 Module and an independent";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>the specification now has its own test suite</li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <h2><a name='selectors'></a>2. Selectors</h2>";
ret += " <p><em>This section is non-normative, as it merely summarizes the";
ret += " following sections.</em></p>";
ret += " <p>A Selector represents a structure. This structure can be used as a";
ret += " HTML or XML fragment corresponding to that structure.</p>";
ret += " <p>Selectors may range from simple element names to rich contextual";
ret += " representations.</p>";
ret += " <p>The following table summarizes the Selector syntax:</p>";
ret += " <table class='selectorsReview'>";
ret += " <thead>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th class='pattern'>Pattern</th>";
ret += " <th class='meaning'>Meaning</th>";
ret += " <th class='described'>Described in section</th>";
ret += " <th class='origin'>First defined in CSS level</th>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " </thead><tbody>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>*</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>any element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#universal-selector'>Universal";
ret += " selector</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an element of type E</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#type-selectors'>Type selector</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo]</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element with a 'foo' attribute</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo='bar']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'foo' attribute value is exactly";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo~='bar']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'foo' attribute value is a list of";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo^='bar']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'foo' attribute value begins exactly";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo$='bar']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'foo' attribute value ends exactly";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[foo*='bar']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'foo' attribute value contains the";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E[hreflang|='en']</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose 'hreflang' attribute has a";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#attribute-selectors'>Attribute";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:root</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, root of the document</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:nth-child(n)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, the n-th child of its parent</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:nth-last-child(n)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, the n-th child of its parent, counting";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:nth-of-type(n)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, the n-th sibling of its type</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:nth-last-of-type(n)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, the n-th sibling of its type, counting";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:first-child</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, first child of its parent</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:last-child</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, last child of its parent</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:first-of-type</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, first sibling of its type</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:last-of-type</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, last sibling of its type</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:only-child</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, only child of its parent</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:only-of-type</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element, only sibling of its type</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:empty</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element that has no children (including text";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#structural-pseudos'>Structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:link<br>E:visited</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element being the source anchor of a hyperlink of";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#link'>The link";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:active<br>E:hover<br>E:focus</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element during certain user actions</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#useraction-pseudos'>The user";
ret += " action pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1 and 2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:target</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element being the target of the referring URI</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#target-pseudo'>The target";
ret += " pseudo-class</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:lang(fr)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an element of type E in language 'fr' (the document";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#lang-pseudo'>The :lang()";
ret += " pseudo-class</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:enabled<br>E:disabled</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>a user interface element E which is enabled or";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#UIstates'>The UI element states";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:checked<!--<br>E:indeterminate--></td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>a user interface element E which is checked<!-- or in an";
ret += " indeterminate state--> (for instance a radio-button or checkbox)";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#UIstates'>The UI element states";
ret += " pseudo-classes</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E::first-line</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>the first formatted line of an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#first-line'>The ::first-line";
ret += " pseudo-element</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E::first-letter</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>the first formatted letter of an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#first-letter'>The ::first-letter";
ret += " pseudo-element</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E::selection</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>the portion of an E element that is currently";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#UIfragments'>The UI element";
ret += " fragments pseudo-elements</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E::before</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>generated content before an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#gen-content'>The ::before";
ret += " pseudo-element</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E::after</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>generated content after an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#gen-content'>The ::after";
ret += " pseudo-element</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E.warning</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element whose class is";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#class-html'>Class";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E#myid</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element with ID equal to 'myid'.</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#id-selectors'>ID";
ret += " selectors</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E:not(s)</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an E element that does not match simple selector s</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#negation'>Negation";
ret += " pseudo-class</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E F</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an F element descendant of an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#descendant-combinators'>Descendant";
ret += " combinator</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E > F</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an F element child of an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#child-combinators'>Child";
ret += " combinator</a></td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E + F</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an F element immediately preceded by an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#adjacent-sibling-combinators'>Adjacent sibling combinator</a>";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <td class='pattern'>E ~ F</td>";
ret += " <td class='meaning'>an F element preceded by an E element</td>";
ret += " <td class='described'><a href='#general-sibling-combinators'>General sibling combinator</a>";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " <td class='origin'>3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " </tbody>";
ret += " </table>";
ret += " <p>The meaning of each selector is derived from the table above by";
ret += " column.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='casesens'>3. Case sensitivity</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>The case sensitivity of document language element names, attribute";
ret += " names, and attribute values in selectors depends on the document";
ret += " but in XML, they are case-sensitive.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='selector-syntax'>4. Selector syntax</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>A <dfn><a name='selector'>selector</a></dfn> is a chain of one";
ret += " or more <a href='#sequence'>sequences of simple selectors</a>";
ret += " separated by <a href='#combinators'>combinators</a>.</p>";
ret += " <p>A <dfn><a name='sequence'>sequence of simple selectors</a></dfn>";
ret += " is a chain of <a href='#simple-selectors-dfn'>simple selectors</a>";
ret += " that are not separated by a <a href='#combinators'>combinator</a>. It";
ret += " always begins with a <a href='#type-selectors'>type selector</a> or a";
ret += " <a href='#universal-selector'>universal selector</a>. No other type";
ret += " selector or universal selector is allowed in the sequence.</p>";
ret += " <p>A <dfn><a name='simple-selectors-dfn'></a><a href='#simple-selectors'>simple selector</a></dfn> is either a <a href='#type-selectors'>type selector</a>, <a href='#universal-selector'>universal selector</a>, <a href='#attribute-selectors'>attribute selector</a>, <a href='#class-html'>class selector</a>, <a href='#id-selectors'>ID selector</a>, <a href='#content-selectors'>content selector</a>, or <a href='#pseudo-classes'>pseudo-class</a>. One <a href='#pseudo-elements'>pseudo-element</a> may be appended to the last";
ret += " sequence of simple selectors.</p>";
ret += " <p><dfn>Combinators</dfn> are: white space, 'greater-than";
ret += " sign' (U+003E, <code>></code>), 'plus sign' (U+002B,";
ret += " <code>+</code>) and 'tilde' (U+007E, <code>~</code>). White";
ret += " space may appear between a combinator and the simple selectors around";
ret += " it. <a name='whitespace'></a>Only the characters 'space' (U+0020), 'tab'";
ret += " never part of white space.</p>";
ret += " <p>The elements of a document tree that are represented by a selector";
ret += " are the <dfn><a name='subject'></a>subjects of the selector</dfn>. A";
ret += " selector consisting of a single sequence of simple selectors";
ret += " sequence of simple selectors and a combinator to a sequence imposes";
ret += " simple selectors.</p>";
ret += " <p>An empty selector, containing no sequence of simple selectors and";
ret += " no pseudo-element, is an <a href='#Conformance'>invalid";
ret += " selector</a>.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='grouping'>5. Groups of selectors</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>When several selectors share the same declarations, they may be";
ret += " grouped into a comma-separated list. (A comma is U+002C.)</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>In this example, we condense three rules with identical";
ret += " declarations into one. Thus,</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1 { font-family: sans-serif }";
ret += " h3 { font-family: sans-serif }</pre>";
ret += " <p>is equivalent to:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1, h2, h3 { font-family: sans-serif }</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p><strong>Warning</strong>: the equivalence is true in this example";
ret += " because all the selectors are valid selectors. If just one of these";
ret += " selectors were invalid, the entire group of selectors would be";
ret += " heading rules would be invalidated.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='simple-selectors'>6. Simple selectors</a></h2>";
ret += " <h3><a name='type-selectors'>6.1. Type selector</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>A <dfn>type selector</dfn> is the name of a document language";
ret += " type in the document tree.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents an <code>h1</code> element in the";
ret += " document tree:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='typenmsp'>6.1.1. Type selectors and namespaces</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Type selectors allow an optional namespace (<a href='#refsXMLNAMES'>[XMLNAMES]</a>) component. A namespace prefix";
ret += " (U+007C, <code>|</code>).</p>";
ret += " <p>The namespace component may be left empty to indicate that the";
ret += " selector is only to represent elements with no declared namespace.</p>";
ret += " <p>An asterisk may be used for the namespace prefix, indicating that";
ret += " with no namespace).</p>";
ret += " <p>Element type selectors that have no namespace component (no";
ret += " element's namespace (equivalent to '<code>*|</code>') unless a default";
ret += " namespace.</p>";
ret += " <p>A type selector containing a namespace prefix that has not been";
ret += " previously declared is an <a href='#Conformance'>invalid</a> selector.";
ret += " language implementing Selectors. In CSS, such a mechanism is defined";
ret += " in the General Syntax module.</p>";
ret += " <p>In a namespace-aware client, element type selectors will only match";
ret += " against the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#NT-LocalPart'>local";
ret += " part</a>";
ret += " of the element's <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#ns-qualnames'>qualified";
ret += " name</a>. See <a href='#downlevel'>below</a> for notes about matching";
ret += " behaviors in down-level clients.</p>";
ret += " <p>In summary:</p>";
ret += " <dl>";
ret += " <dt><code>ns|E</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>elements with name E in namespace ns</dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>*|E</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>elements with name E in any namespace, including those without any";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>|E</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>elements with name E without any declared namespace</dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>E</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>if no default namespace has been specified, this is equivalent to *|E.";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " </dl>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>@namespace foo url(http://www.example.com);";
ret += " h1 { color: green }</pre>";
ret += " <p>The first rule will match only <code>h1</code> elements in the";
ret += " 'http://www.example.com' namespace.</p>";
ret += " <p>The second rule will match all elements in the";
ret += " 'http://www.example.com' namespace.</p>";
ret += " <p>The third rule will match only <code>h1</code> elements without";
ret += " any declared namespace.</p>";
ret += " <p>The fourth rule will match <code>h1</code> elements in any";
ret += " namespace (including those without any declared namespace).</p>";
ret += " <p>The last rule is equivalent to the fourth rule because no default";
ret += " namespace has been defined.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h3><a name='universal-selector'>6.2. Universal selector</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>The <dfn>universal selector</dfn>, written 'asterisk'";
ret += " (<code>*</code>), represents the qualified name of any element";
ret += " specified, see <a href='#univnmsp'>Universal selector and";
ret += " Namespaces</a> below.</p>";
ret += " <p>If the universal selector is not the only component of a sequence";
ret += " of simple selectors, the <code>*</code> may be omitted.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><code>*[hreflang|=en]</code> and <code>[hreflang|=en]</code> are";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li><code>*.warning</code> and <code>.warning</code> are equivalent,";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li><code>*#myid</code> and <code>#myid</code> are equivalent.</li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> it is recommended that the";
ret += " <code>*</code>, representing the universal selector, not be";
ret += " omitted.</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='univnmsp'>6.2.1. Universal selector and namespaces</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>The universal selector allows an optional namespace component. It";
ret += " is used as follows:</p>";
ret += " <dl>";
ret += " <dt><code>ns|*</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>all elements in namespace ns</dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>*|*</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>all elements</dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>|*</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>all elements without any declared namespace</dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>*</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>if no default namespace has been specified, this is equivalent to *|*.";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " </dl>";
ret += " <p>A universal selector containing a namespace prefix that has not";
ret += " been previously declared is an <a href='#Conformance'>invalid</a>";
ret += " to the language implementing Selectors. In CSS, such a mechanism is";
ret += " defined in the General Syntax module.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='attribute-selectors'>6.3. Attribute selectors</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>Selectors allow the representation of an element's attributes. When";
ret += " attribute selectors must be considered to match an element if that";
ret += " attribute selector.</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='attribute-representation'>6.3.1. Attribute presence and values";
ret += " selectors</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>CSS2 introduced four attribute selectors:</p>";
ret += " <dl>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att]</code>";
ret += " </dt><dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute, whatever the";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att=val]</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute whose value is";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att~=val]</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute whose value is";
ret += " a <a href='#whitespace'>whitespace</a>-separated list of words, one";
ret += " represent anything (since the words are <em>separated</em> by";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att|=val]</code>";
ret += " </dt><dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute, its value";
ret += " matches (e.g., the <code>hreflang</code> attribute on the";
ret += " <code>link</code> element in HTML) as described in RFC 3066 (<a href='#refsRFC3066'>[RFC3066]</a>). For <code>lang</code> (or";
ret += " <code>xml:lang</code>) language subcode matching, please see <a href='#lang-pseudo'>the <code>:lang</code> pseudo-class</a>.";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " </dl>";
ret += " <p>Attribute values must be identifiers or strings. The";
ret += " case-sensitivity of attribute names and values in selectors depends on";
ret += " the document language.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following attribute selector represents an <code>h1</code>";
ret += " element that carries the <code>title</code> attribute, whatever its";
ret += " value:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1[title]</pre>";
ret += " <p>In the following example, the selector represents a";
ret += " <code>span</code> element whose <code>class</code> attribute has";
ret += " exactly the value 'example':</p>";
ret += " <pre>span[class='example']</pre>";
ret += " <p>Multiple attribute selectors can be used to represent several";
ret += " attribute. Here, the selector represents a <code>span</code> element";
ret += " whose <code>hello</code> attribute has exactly the value 'Cleveland'";
ret += " and whose <code>goodbye</code> attribute has exactly the value";
ret += " 'Columbus':</p>";
ret += " <pre>span[hello='Cleveland'][goodbye='Columbus']</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selectors illustrate the differences between '='";
ret += " 'copyright copyleft copyeditor' on a <code>rel</code> attribute. The";
ret += " second selector will only represent an <code>a</code> element with";
ret += " an <code>href</code> attribute having the exact value";
ret += " 'http://www.w3.org/'.</p>";
ret += " <pre>a[rel~='copyright']";
ret += " a[href='http://www.w3.org/']</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a <code>link</code> element";
ret += " whose <code>hreflang</code> attribute is exactly 'fr'.</p>";
ret += " <pre>link[hreflang=fr]</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a <code>link</code> element for";
ret += " which the values of the <code>hreflang</code> attribute begins with";
ret += " 'en', including 'en', 'en-US', and 'en-cockney':</p>";
ret += " <pre>link[hreflang|='en']</pre>";
ret += " <p>Similarly, the following selectors represents a";
ret += " <code>DIALOGUE</code> element whenever it has one of two different";
ret += " values for an attribute <code>character</code>:</p>";
ret += " <pre>DIALOGUE[character=romeo]";
ret += " DIALOGUE[character=juliet]</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='attribute-substrings'></a>6.3.2. Substring matching attribute";
ret += " selectors</h4>";
ret += " <p>Three additional attribute selectors are provided for matching";
ret += " substrings in the value of an attribute:</p>";
ret += " <dl>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att^=val]</code></dt>";
ret += " <dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute whose value";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att$=val]</code>";
ret += " </dt><dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute whose value";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt><code>[att*=val]</code>";
ret += " </dt><dd>Represents an element with the <code>att</code> attribute whose value";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " </dl>";
ret += " <p>Attribute values must be identifiers or strings. The";
ret += " case-sensitivity of attribute names in selectors depends on the";
ret += " document language.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents an HTML <code>object</code>,";
ret += " image:</p>";
ret += " <pre>object[type^='image/']</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents an HTML anchor <code>a</code> with an";
ret += " <code>href</code> attribute whose value ends with '.html'.</p>";
ret += " <pre>a[href$='.html']</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents an HTML paragraph with a";
ret += " <code>title</code>";
ret += " attribute whose value contains the substring 'hello'</p>";
ret += " <pre>p[title*='hello']</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='attrnmsp'>6.3.3. Attribute selectors and namespaces</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Attribute selectors allow an optional namespace component to the";
ret += " separator 'vertical bar' (<code>|</code>). In keeping with";
ret += " apply to attributes, therefore attribute selectors without a namespace";
ret += " (equivalent to '<code>|attr</code>'). An asterisk may be used for the";
ret += " </p><p>An attribute selector with an attribute name containing a namespace";
ret += " prefix that has not been previously declared is an <a href='#Conformance'>invalid</a> selector. The mechanism for";
ret += " a namespace prefix is left up to the language implementing Selectors.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>@namespace foo 'http://www.example.com';";
ret += " [att] { color: green }</pre>";
ret += " <p>The first rule will match only elements with the attribute";
ret += " <code>att</code> in the 'http://www.example.com' namespace with the";
ret += " value 'val'.</p>";
ret += " <p>The second rule will match only elements with the attribute";
ret += " <code>att</code> regardless of the namespace of the attribute";
ret += " (including no declared namespace).</p>";
ret += " <p>The last two rules are equivalent and will match only elements";
ret += " with the attribute <code>att</code> where the attribute is not";
ret += " declared to be in a namespace.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='def-values'>6.3.4. Default attribute values in DTDs</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Attribute selectors represent explicitly set attribute values in";
ret += " selectors. Selectors should be designed so that they work even if the";
ret += " default values are not included in the document tree.</p>";
ret += " <p>More precisely, a UA is <em>not</em> required to read an 'external";
ret += " subset' of the DTD but <em>is</em> required to look for default";
ret += " attribute values in the document's 'internal subset.' (See <a href='#refsXML10'>[XML10]</a> for definitions of these subsets.)</p>";
ret += " <p>A UA that recognizes an XML namespace <a href='#refsXMLNAMES'>[XMLNAMES]</a> is not required to use its";
ret += " required to use its built-in knowledge of the XHTML DTD.)</p>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> Typically, implementations";
ret += " choose to ignore external subsets.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>Consider an element EXAMPLE with an attribute 'notation' that has a";
ret += " default value of 'decimal'. The DTD fragment might be</p>";
ret += " <pre class='dtd-example'><!ATTLIST EXAMPLE notation (decimal,octal) 'decimal'></pre>";
ret += " <p>If the style sheet contains the rules</p>";
ret += " <pre>EXAMPLE[notation=decimal] { /*... default property settings ...*/ }";
ret += " EXAMPLE[notation=octal] { /*... other settings...*/ }</pre>";
ret += " <p>the first rule will not match elements whose 'notation' attribute";
ret += " attribute selector for the default value must be dropped:</p>";
ret += " <pre>EXAMPLE { /*... default property settings ...*/ }";
ret += " EXAMPLE[notation=octal] { /*... other settings...*/ }</pre>";
ret += " <p>Here, because the selector <code>EXAMPLE[notation=octal]</code> is";
ret += " cases' style rules.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h3><a name='class-html'>6.4. Class selectors</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>Working with HTML, authors may use the period (U+002E,";
ret += " <code>.</code>) notation as an alternative to the <code>~=</code>";
ret += " notation when representing the <code>class</code> attribute. Thus, for";
ret += " HTML, <code>div.value</code> and <code>div[class~=value]</code> have";
ret += " 'period' (<code>.</code>).</p>";
ret += " <p>UAs may apply selectors using the period (.) notation in XML";
ret += " 1.0 <a href='#refsSVG'>[SVG]</a> describes the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/PR-SVG-20010719/styling.html#ClassAttribute'>SVG";
ret += " 'class' attribute</a> and how a UA should interpret it, and";
ret += " similarly MathML 1.01 <a href='#refsMATH'>[MATH]</a> describes the <a href='http://www.w3.org/1999/07/REC-MathML-19990707/chapter2.html#sec2.3.4'>MathML";
ret += " 'class' attribute</a>.)</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>We can assign style information to all elements with";
ret += " <code>class~='pastoral'</code> as follows:</p>";
ret += " <pre>*.pastoral { color: green } /* all elements with class~=pastoral */</pre>";
ret += " <p>or just</p>";
ret += " <pre>.pastoral { color: green } /* all elements with class~=pastoral */</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following assigns style only to H1 elements with";
ret += " <code>class~='pastoral'</code>:</p>";
ret += " <pre>H1.pastoral { color: green } /* H1 elements with class~=pastoral */</pre>";
ret += " <p>Given these rules, the first H1 instance below would not have";
ret += " green text, while the second would:</p>";
ret += " <pre><H1>Not green</H1>";
ret += " <H1 class='pastoral'>Very green</H1></pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>To represent a subset of 'class' values, each value must be preceded";
ret += " by a '.', in any order.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following rule matches any P element whose 'class' attribute";
ret += " has been assigned a list of <a href='#whitespace'>whitespace</a>-separated values that includes";
ret += " 'pastoral' and 'marine':</p>";
ret += " <pre>p.pastoral.marine { color: green }</pre>";
ret += " <p>This rule matches when <code>class='pastoral blue aqua";
ret += " marine'</code> but does not match for <code>class='pastoral";
ret += " blue'</code>.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> Because CSS gives considerable";
ret += " not.</p>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> If an element has multiple";
ret += " this specification.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='id-selectors'>6.5. ID selectors</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>Document languages may contain attributes that are declared to be";
ret += " applies.</p>";
ret += " <p>An ID-typed attribute of a document language allows authors to";
ret += " ID selectors represent an element instance based on its identifier. An";
ret += " <code>#</code>) immediately followed by the ID value, which must be an";
ret += " identifier.</p>";
ret += " <p>Selectors does not specify how a UA knows the ID-typed attribute of";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following ID selector represents an <code>h1</code> element";
ret += " whose ID-typed attribute has the value 'chapter1':</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1#chapter1</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following ID selector represents any element whose ID-typed";
ret += " attribute has the value 'chapter1':</p>";
ret += " <pre>#chapter1</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents any element whose ID-typed";
ret += " attribute has the value 'z98y'.</p>";
ret += " <pre>*#z98y</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note.</strong> In XML 1.0 <a href='#refsXML10'>[XML10]</a>, the information about which attribute";
ret += " should use normal attribute selectors instead:";
ret += " <code>[name=p371]</code> instead of <code>#p371</code>. Elements in";
ret += " XML 1.0 documents without a DTD do not have IDs at all.</p>";
ret += " <p>If an element has multiple ID attributes, all of them must be";
ret += " DOM3 Core, XML DTDs, and namespace-specific knowledge.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='pseudo-classes'>6.6. Pseudo-classes</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>The pseudo-class concept is introduced to permit selection based on";
ret += " expressed using the other simple selectors.</p>";
ret += " <p>A pseudo-class always consists of a 'colon'";
ret += " (<code>:</code>) followed by the name of the pseudo-class and";
ret += " optionally by a value between parentheses.</p>";
ret += " <p>Pseudo-classes are allowed in all sequences of simple selectors";
ret += " sequences of simple selectors, after the leading type selector or";
ret += " document.</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='dynamic-pseudos'>6.6.1. Dynamic pseudo-classes</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Dynamic pseudo-classes classify elements on characteristics other";
ret += " that cannot be deduced from the document tree.</p>";
ret += " <p>Dynamic pseudo-classes do not appear in the document source or";
ret += " document tree.</p>";
ret += " <h5>The <a name='link'>link pseudo-classes: :link and :visited</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>User agents commonly display unvisited links differently from";
ret += " previously visited ones. Selectors";
ret += " provides the pseudo-classes <code>:link</code> and";
ret += " <code>:visited</code> to distinguish them:</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>The <code>:link</code> pseudo-class applies to links that have";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>The <code>:visited</code> pseudo-class applies once the link has";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <p>After some amount of time, user agents may choose to return a";
ret += " visited link to the (unvisited) ':link' state.</p>";
ret += " <p>The two states are mutually exclusive.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents links carrying class";
ret += " <code>external</code> and already visited:</p>";
ret += " <pre>a.external:visited</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> It is possible for style sheet";
ret += " </p><p>UAs may therefore treat all links as unvisited links, or implement";
ret += " and unvisited links differently.</p>";
ret += " <h5>The <a name='useraction-pseudos'>user action pseudo-classes";
ret += " :hover, :active, and :focus</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Interactive user agents sometimes change the rendering in response";
ret += " to user actions. Selectors provides";
ret += " acting on.</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>The <code>:hover</code> pseudo-class applies while the user";
ret += " element. User agents not that do not support <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/media.html#interactive-media-group'>interactive";
ret += " media</a> do not have to support this pseudo-class. Some conforming";
ret += " user agents that support <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/media.html#interactive-media-group'>interactive";
ret += " media</a> may not be able to support this pseudo-class (e.g., a pen";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>The <code>:active</code> pseudo-class applies while an element";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>The <code>:focus</code> pseudo-class applies while an element";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <p>There may be document language or implementation specific limits on";
ret += " which elements can become <code>:active</code> or acquire";
ret += " <code>:focus</code>.</p>";
ret += " <p>These pseudo-classes are not mutually exclusive. An element may";
ret += " match several pseudo-classes at the same time.</p>";
ret += " <p>Selectors doesn't define if the parent of an element that is";
ret += " ':active' or ':hover' is also in that state.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>a:link /* unvisited links */";
ret += " a:active /* active links */</pre>";
ret += " <p>An example of combining dynamic pseudo-classes:</p>";
ret += " <pre>a:focus";
ret += " a:focus:hover</pre>";
ret += " <p>The last selector matches <code>a</code> elements that are in";
ret += " the pseudo-class :focus and in the pseudo-class :hover.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> An element can be both ':visited'";
ret += " and ':active' (or ':link' and ':active').</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='target-pseudo'>6.6.2. The target pseudo-class :target</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Some URIs refer to a location within a resource. This kind of URI";
ret += " identifier (called the fragment identifier).</p>";
ret += " <p>URIs with fragment identifiers link to a certain element within the";
ret += " pointing to an anchor named <code>section_2</code> in an HTML";
ret += " document:</p>";
ret += " <pre>http://example.com/html/top.html#section_2</pre>";
ret += " <p>A target element can be represented by the <code>:target</code>";
ret += " the document has no target element.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <pre>p.note:target</pre>";
ret += " <p>This selector represents a <code>p</code> element of class";
ret += " <code>note</code> that is the target element of the referring";
ret += " URI.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS example:</p>";
ret += " <p>Here, the <code>:target</code> pseudo-class is used to make the";
ret += " target element red and place an image before it, if there is one:</p>";
ret += " <pre>*:target { color : red }";
ret += " *:target::before { content : url(target.png) }</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='lang-pseudo'>6.6.3. The language pseudo-class :lang</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>If the document language specifies how the human language of an";
ret += " element is determined, it is possible to write selectors that";
ret += " represent an element based on its language. For example, in HTML <a href='#refsHTML4'>[HTML4]</a>, the language is determined by a";
ret += " combination of the <code>lang</code> attribute, the <code>meta</code>";
ret += " headers). XML uses an attribute called <code>xml:lang</code>, and";
ret += " the language.</p>";
ret += " <p>The pseudo-class <code>:lang(C)</code> represents an element that";
ret += " <code>:lang()</code> selector is based solely on the identifier C";
ret += " element's language value, in the same way as if performed by the <a href='#attribute-representation'>'|='</a> operator in attribute";
ret += " selectors. The identifier C does not have to be a valid language";
ret += " name.</p>";
ret += " <p>C must not be empty. (If it is, the selector is invalid.)</p>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> It is recommended that";
ret += " documents and protocols indicate language using codes from RFC 3066 <a href='#refsRFC3066'>[RFC3066]</a> or its successor, and by means of";
ret += " 'xml:lang' attributes in the case of XML-based documents <a href='#refsXML10'>[XML10]</a>. See <a href='http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-lang-2or3.html'>";
ret += " 'FAQ: Two-letter or three-letter language codes.'</a></p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The two following selectors represent an HTML document that is in";
ret += " Belgian, French, or German. The two next selectors represent";
ret += " <code>q</code> quotations in an arbitrary element in Belgian, French,";
ret += " or German.</p>";
ret += " <pre>html:lang(fr-be)";
ret += " :lang(de) > q</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='UIstates'>6.6.4. The UI element states pseudo-classes</a></h4>";
ret += " <h5><a name='enableddisabled'>The :enabled and :disabled pseudo-classes</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:enabled</code> pseudo-class allows authors to customize";
ret += " an enabled <code>input</code> element without also specifying what it";
ret += " would look like when it was disabled.</p>";
ret += " <p>Similar to <code>:enabled</code>, <code>:disabled</code> allows the";
ret += " element should look.</p>";
ret += " <p>Most elements will be neither enabled nor disabled. An element is";
ret += " presently activate it or transfer focus to it.</p>";
ret += " <h5><a name='checked'>The :checked pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Radio and checkbox elements can be toggled by the user. Some menu";
ret += " toggled 'on' the <code>:checked</code> pseudo-class applies. The";
ret += " <code>:checked</code> pseudo-class initially applies to such elements";
ret += " that have the HTML4 <code>selected</code> and <code>checked</code>";
ret += " attributes as described in <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/interact/forms.html#h-17.2.1'>Section";
ret += " 17.2.1 of HTML4</a>, but of course the user can toggle 'off' such";
ret += " elements in which case the <code>:checked</code> pseudo-class would no";
ret += " longer apply. While the <code>:checked</code> pseudo-class is dynamic";
ret += " on the presence of the semantic HTML4 <code>selected</code> and";
ret += " <code>checked</code> attributes, it applies to all media.";
ret += " </p><h5><a name='indeterminate'>The :indeterminate pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <div class='note'>";
ret += " <p>Radio and checkbox elements can be toggled by the user, but are";
ret += " This can be due to an element attribute, or DOM manipulation.</p>";
ret += " <p>A future version of this specification may introduce an";
ret += " <code>:indeterminate</code> pseudo-class that applies to such elements.";
ret += " <!--While the <code>:indeterminate</code> pseudo-class is dynamic in";
ret += " the presence of an element attribute, it applies to all media.</p>";
ret += " <p>Components of a radio-group initialized with no pre-selected choice";
ret += " are an example of :indeterminate state.--></p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='structural-pseudos'>6.6.5. Structural pseudo-classes</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>Selectors introduces the concept of <dfn>structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes</dfn> to permit selection based on extra information that";
ret += " the document tree but cannot be represented by other simple selectors or";
ret += " </p><p>Note that standalone pieces of PCDATA (text nodes in the DOM) are";
ret += " </p><h5><a name='root-pseudo'>:root pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:root</code> pseudo-class represents an element that is";
ret += " <code>HTML</code> element.";
ret += " </p><h5><a name='nth-child-pseudo'>:nth-child() pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The";
ret += " <code>:nth-child(<var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>)</code>";
ret += " <var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>-1 siblings";
ret += " <strong>before</strong> it in the document tree, for a given positive";
ret += " integer or zero value of <code>n</code>, and has a parent element. In";
ret += " other words, this matches the <var>b</var>th child of an element after";
ret += " all the children have been split into groups of <var>a</var> elements";
ret += " each. For example, this allows the selectors to address every other";
ret += " of paragraph text in a cycle of four. The <var>a</var> and";
ret += " <var>b</var> values must be zero, negative integers or positive";
ret += " </p><p>In addition to this, <code>:nth-child()</code> can take";
ret += " '<code>odd</code>' and '<code>even</code>' as arguments instead.";
ret += " '<code>odd</code>' has the same signification as <code>2n+1</code>,";
ret += " and '<code>even</code>' has the same signification as <code>2n</code>.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>tr:nth-child(2n+1) /* represents every odd row of an HTML table */";
ret += " p:nth-child(4n+4) { color: purple; }</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>When <var>a</var>=0, no repeating is used, so for example";
ret += " <code>:nth-child(0n+5)</code> matches only the fifth child. When";
ret += " <var>a</var>=0, the <var>a</var><code>n</code> part need not be";
ret += " <code>:nth-child(<var>b</var>)</code> and the last example simplifies";
ret += " to <code>:nth-child(5)</code>.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>foo:nth-child(0n+1) /* represents an element foo, first child of its parent element */";
ret += " foo:nth-child(1) /* same */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>When <var>a</var>=1, the number may be omitted from the rule.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selectors are therefore equivalent:</p>";
ret += " <pre>bar:nth-child(1n+0) /* represents all bar elements, specificity (0,1,1) */";
ret += " bar /* same but lower specificity (0,0,1) */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>If <var>b</var>=0, then every <var>a</var>th element is picked. In";
ret += " such a case, the <var>b</var> part may be omitted.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>tr:nth-child(2n+0) /* represents every even row of an HTML table */";
ret += " tr:nth-child(2n) /* same */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>If both <var>a</var> and <var>b</var> are equal to zero, the";
ret += " pseudo-class represents no element in the document tree.</p>";
ret += " <p>The value <var>a</var> can be negative, but only the positive";
ret += " values of <var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>, for";
ret += " <code>n</code>≥0, may represent an element in the document";
ret += " tree.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <pre>html|tr:nth-child(-n+6) /* represents the 6 first rows of XHTML tables */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>When the value <var>b</var> is negative, the '+' character in the";
ret += " character indicating the negative value of <var>b</var>).</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>:nth-child(10n-1) /* represents the 9th, 19th, 29th, etc, element */";
ret += " :nth-child(10n+-1) /* Syntactically invalid, and would be ignored */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='nth-last-child-pseudo'>:nth-last-child() pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:nth-last-child(<var>a</var>n+<var>b</var>)</code>";
ret += " <var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>-1 siblings";
ret += " <strong>after</strong> it in the document tree, for a given positive";
ret += " integer or zero value of <code>n</code>, and has a parent element. See";
ret += " <code>:nth-child()</code> pseudo-class for the syntax of its argument.";
ret += " It also accepts the '<code>even</code>' and '<code>odd</code>' values";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>tr:nth-last-child(-n+2) /* represents the two last rows of an HTML table */";
ret += " counting from the last one */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='nth-of-type-pseudo'>:nth-of-type() pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:nth-of-type(<var>a</var>n+<var>b</var>)</code>";
ret += " <var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>-1 siblings with the same";
ret += " element name <strong>before</strong> it in the document tree, for a";
ret += " given zero or positive integer value of <code>n</code>, and has a";
ret += " parent element. In other words, this matches the <var>b</var>th child";
ret += " groups of a elements each. See <code>:nth-child()</code> pseudo-class";
ret += " '<code>even</code>' and '<code>odd</code>' values.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS example:</p>";
ret += " <p>This allows an author to alternate the position of floated images:</p>";
ret += " <pre>img:nth-of-type(2n+1) { float: right; }";
ret += " img:nth-of-type(2n) { float: left; }</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='nth-last-of-type-pseudo'>:nth-last-of-type() pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:nth-last-of-type(<var>a</var>n+<var>b</var>)</code>";
ret += " <var>a</var><code>n</code>+<var>b</var>-1 siblings with the same";
ret += " element name <strong>after</strong> it in the document tree, for a";
ret += " given zero or positive integer value of <code>n</code>, and has a";
ret += " parent element. See <code>:nth-child()</code> pseudo-class for the";
ret += " syntax of its argument. It also accepts the '<code>even</code>' and '<code>odd</code>'";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>To represent all <code>h2</code> children of an XHTML";
ret += " <code>body</code> except the first and last, one could use the";
ret += " following selector:</p>";
ret += " <pre>body > h2:nth-of-type(n+2):nth-last-of-type(n+2)</pre>";
ret += " <p>In this case, one could also use <code>:not()</code>, although the";
ret += " selector ends up being just as long:</p>";
ret += " <pre>body > h2:not(:first-of-type):not(:last-of-type)</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='first-child-pseudo'>:first-child pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Same as <code>:nth-child(1)</code>. The <code>:first-child</code>";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a <code>p</code> element that is";
ret += " the first child of a <code>div</code> element:</p>";
ret += " <pre>div > p:first-child</pre>";
ret += " <p>This selector can represent the <code>p</code> inside the";
ret += " <code>div</code> of the following fragment:</p>";
ret += " <pre><p> The last P before the note.</p>";
ret += " </div></pre>";
ret += " but cannot represent the second <code>p</code> in the following";
ret += " <pre><p> The last P before the note.</p>";
ret += " </div></pre>";
ret += " <p>The following two selectors are usually equivalent:</p>";
ret += " <pre>* > a:first-child /* a is first child of any element */";
ret += " a:first-child /* Same (assuming a is not the root element) */</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='last-child-pseudo'>:last-child pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Same as <code>:nth-last-child(1)</code>. The <code>:last-child</code>";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a list item <code>li</code> that";
ret += " is the last child of an ordered list <code>ol</code>.";
ret += " </p><pre>ol > li:last-child</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='first-of-type-pseudo'>:first-of-type pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Same as <code>:nth-of-type(1)</code>. The <code>:first-of-type</code>";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a definition title";
ret += " <code>dt</code> inside a definition list <code>dl</code>, this";
ret += " <code>dt</code> being the first of its type in the list of children of";
ret += " its parent element.</p>";
ret += " <pre>dl dt:first-of-type</pre>";
ret += " <p>It is a valid description for the first two <code>dt</code>";
ret += " elements in the following example but not for the third one:</p>";
ret += " <pre><dl>";
ret += " </dl></pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='last-of-type-pseudo'>:last-of-type pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Same as <code>:nth-last-of-type(1)</code>. The";
ret += " <code>:last-of-type</code> pseudo-class represents an element that is";
ret += " element.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents the last data cell";
ret += " <code>td</code> of a table row.</p>";
ret += " <pre>tr > td:last-of-type</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h5><a name='only-child-pseudo'>:only-child pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Represents an element that has a parent element and whose parent";
ret += " <code>:first-child:last-child</code> or";
ret += " <code>:nth-child(1):nth-last-child(1)</code>, but with a lower";
ret += " specificity.</p>";
ret += " <h5><a name='only-of-type-pseudo'>:only-of-type pseudo-class</a></h5>";
ret += " <p>Represents an element that has a parent element and whose parent";
ret += " as <code>:first-of-type:last-of-type</code> or";
ret += " <code>:nth-of-type(1):nth-last-of-type(1)</code>, but with a lower";
ret += " specificity.</p>";
ret += " <h5><a name='empty-pseudo'></a>:empty pseudo-class</h5>";
ret += " <p>The <code>:empty</code> pseudo-class represents an element that has";
ret += " empty or not.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p><code>p:empty</code> is a valid representation of the following fragment:";
ret += " </p>";
ret += " <pre><p></p></pre>";
ret += " <p><code>foo:empty</code> is not a valid representation for the";
ret += " following fragments:</p>";
ret += " <pre><foo>bar</foo></pre>";
ret += " <pre><foo><bar>bla</bar></foo></pre>";
ret += " <pre><foo>this is not <bar>:empty</bar></foo></pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='content-selectors'>6.6.6. Blank</a></h4>";
ret += " <!-- It's the Return of Appendix H!!! Run away! -->";
ret += " <p>This section intentionally left blank.</p>";
ret += " <!-- (used to be :contains()) -->";
ret += " <h4><a name='negation'></a>6.6.7. The negation pseudo-class</h4>";
ret += " <p>The negation pseudo-class, <code>:not(<var>X</var>)</code>, is a";
ret += " functional notation taking a <a href='#simple-selectors-dfn'>simple";
ret += " selector</a> (excluding the negation pseudo-class itself and";
ret += " <!-- pseudo-elements are not simple selectors, so the above paragraph";
ret += " may be a bit confusing -->";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following CSS selector matches all <code>button</code>";
ret += " elements in an HTML document that are not disabled.</p>";
ret += " <pre>button:not([DISABLED])</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents all but <code>FOO</code>";
ret += " elements.</p>";
ret += " <pre>*:not(FOO)</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following group of selectors represents all HTML elements";
ret += " except links.</p>";
ret += " <pre>html|*:not(:link):not(:visited)</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>Default namespace declarations do not affect the argument of the";
ret += " type selector.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>Assuming that the default namespace is bound to";
ret += " elements that are not in that namespace:</p>";
ret += " <pre>*|*:not(*)</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following CSS selector matches any element being hovered,";
ret += " rule when they <em>are</em> being hovered.</p>";
ret += " <pre>*|*:not(:hover)</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note</strong>: the :not() pseudo allows";
ret += " useless selectors to be written. For instance <code>:not(*|*)</code>,";
ret += " which represents no element at all, or <code>foo:not(bar)</code>,";
ret += " which is equivalent to <code>foo</code> but with a higher";
ret += " specificity.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='pseudo-elements'>7. Pseudo-elements</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>Pseudo-elements create abstractions about the document tree beyond";
ret += " source document (e.g., the <code>::before</code> and";
ret += " <code>::after</code> pseudo-elements give access to generated";
ret += " content).</p>";
ret += " <p>A pseudo-element is made of two colons (<code>::</code>) followed";
ret += " by the name of the pseudo-element.</p>";
ret += " <p>This <code>::</code> notation is introduced by the current document";
ret += " <code>:first-line</code>, <code>:first-letter</code>,";
ret += " <code>:before</code> and <code>:after</code>). This compatibility is";
ret += " not allowed for the new pseudo-elements introduced in CSS level 3.</p>";
ret += " <p>Only one pseudo-element may appear per selector, and if present it";
ret += " must appear after the sequence of simple selectors that represents the";
ret += " <a href='#subject'>subjects</a> of the selector. <span class='note'>A";
ret += " pesudo-elements per selector.</span></p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='first-line'>7.1. The ::first-line pseudo-element</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::first-line</code> pseudo-element describes the contents";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>CSS example:</p>";
ret += " <pre>p::first-line { text-transform: uppercase }</pre>";
ret += " <p>The above rule means 'change the letters of the first line of every";
ret += " paragraph to uppercase'.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>The selector <code>p::first-line</code> does not match any real";
ret += " agents will insert at the beginning of every paragraph.</p>";
ret += " <p>Note that the length of the first line depends on a number of";
ret += " an ordinary HTML paragraph such as:</p>";
ret += " <pre> <P>This is a somewhat long HTML ";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>the lines of which happen to be broken as follows:";
ret += " </p><pre> THIS IS A SOMEWHAT LONG HTML PARAGRAPH THAT";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>This paragraph might be 'rewritten' by user agents to include the";
ret += " <em>fictional tag sequence</em> for <code>::first-line</code>. This";
ret += " fictional tag sequence helps to show how properties are inherited.</p>";
ret += " <pre> <P><b><P::first-line></b> This is a somewhat long HTML ";
ret += " paragraph that <b></P::first-line></b> will be broken into several";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>If a pseudo-element breaks up a real element, the desired effect";
ret += " with a <code>span</code> element:</p>";
ret += " <pre> <P><b><SPAN class='test'></b> This is a somewhat long HTML";
ret += " lines.<b></SPAN></b> The first line will be identified";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>the user agent could simulate start and end tags for";
ret += " <code>span</code> when inserting the fictional tag sequence for";
ret += " <code>::first-line</code>.";
ret += " </p><pre> <P><P::first-line><b><SPAN class='test'></b> This is a";
ret += " paragraph that will <b></SPAN></b></P::first-line><b><SPAN";
ret += " class='test'></b> be";
ret += " lines.<b></SPAN></b> The first line will be identified";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>In CSS, the <code>::first-line</code> pseudo-element can only be";
ret += " or a table-cell.</p>";
ret += " <p><a name='first-formatted-line'></a>The 'first formatted line' of an";
ret += " line of the <code>div</code> in <code><DIV><P>This";
ret += " line...</P></DIV></code> is the first line of the <code>p</code>";
ret += " that both <code>p</code> and <code>div</code> are block-level).";
ret += " </p><p>The first line of a table-cell or inline-block cannot be the first";
ret += " formatted line of an ancestor element. Thus, in <code><DIV><P";
ret += " etcetera</DIV></code> the first formatted line of the";
ret += " <code>div</code> is not the line 'Hello'.";
ret += " </p><p class='note'>Note that the first line of the <code>p</code> in this";
ret += " fragment: <code><p><br>First...</code> doesn't contain any";
ret += " letters (assuming the default style for <code>br</code> in HTML";
ret += " </p><p>A UA should act as if the fictional start tags of the";
ret += " <code>::first-line</code> pseudo-elements were nested just inside the";
ret += " is an example. The fictional tag sequence for</p>";
ret += " <pre> <DIV>";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>is</p>";
ret += " <pre> <DIV>";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::first-line</code> pseudo-element is similar to an";
ret += " following properties apply to a <code>::first-line</code>";
ret += " properties as well.</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='first-letter'>7.2. The ::first-letter pseudo-element</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-element represents the first";
ret += " is 'none'; otherwise, it is similar to a floated element.</p>";
ret += " <p>In CSS, these are the properties that apply to <code>::first-letter</code>";
ret += " of the letter, unlike for normal elements.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>This example shows a possible rendering of an initial cap. Note";
ret += " <code>::first-letter</code>";
ret += " fictional start tag of the first letter is inside the <span>span</span>,";
ret += " the font weight of the first letter is normal, not bold as the <span>span</span>:";
ret += " </p><pre> p { line-height: 1.1 }";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <div class='figure'>";
ret += " <p><img src='' alt='Image illustrating the ::first-letter pseudo-element'>";
ret += " </p></div>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>The following CSS will make a drop cap initial letter span about two";
ret += " lines:</p>";
ret += " <pre> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN'>";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>This example might be formatted as follows:</p>";
ret += " <div class='figure'>";
ret += " <p><img src='' alt='Image illustrating the combined effect of the ::first-letter and ::first-line pseudo-elements'>";
ret += " </p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>The <span class='index-inst' title='fictional tag";
ret += " sequence'>fictional tag sequence</span> is:</p>";
ret += " <pre> <P>";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " <p>Note that the <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-element tags abut";
ret += " block element.</p></div>";
ret += " <p>In order to achieve traditional drop caps formatting, user agents";
ret += " glyph outline may be taken into account when formatting.</p>";
ret += " <p>Punctuation (i.e, characters defined in Unicode in the 'open' (Ps),";
ret += " be included. <a href='#refsUNICODE'>[UNICODE]</a></p>";
ret += " <div class='figure'>";
ret += " <p><img src='' alt='Quotes that precede the";
ret += " first letter should be included.'></p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::first-letter</code> also applies if the first letter is";
ret += " money.'</p>";
ret += " <p>In CSS, the <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-element applies to";
ret += " elements. <span class='note'>A future version of this specification";
ret += " types.</span></p>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-element can be used with all";
ret += " the element, even if that first text is in a descendant.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>The fictional tag sequence for this HTMLfragment:";
ret += " </p><pre><div>";
ret += " <p>The first text.</pre>";
ret += " <p>is:";
ret += " </p><pre><div>";
ret += " <p><div::first-letter><p::first-letter>T</...></...>he first text.</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>The first letter of a table-cell or inline-block cannot be the";
ret += " first letter of an ancestor element. Thus, in <code><DIV><P";
ret += " etcetera</DIV></code> the first letter of the <code>div</code> is";
ret += " letter 'H'. In fact, the <code>div</code> doesn't have a first letter.";
ret += " </p><p>The first letter must occur on the <a href='#first-formatted-line'>first formatted line.</a> For example, in";
ret += " this fragment: <code><p><br>First...</code> the first line";
ret += " doesn't contain any letters and <code>::first-letter</code> doesn't";
ret += " match anything (assuming the default style for <code>br</code> in HTML";
ret += " </p><p>In CSS, if an element is a list item ('display: list-item'), the";
ret += " <code>::first-letter</code> applies to the first letter in the";
ret += " <code>::first-letter</code> on list items with 'list-style-position:";
ret += " inside'. If an element has <code>::before</code> or";
ret += " <code>::after</code> content, the <code>::first-letter</code> applies";
ret += " to the first letter of the element <em>including</em> that content.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p>After the rule 'p::before {content: 'Note: '}', the selector";
ret += " 'p::first-letter' matches the 'N' of 'Note'.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>Some languages may have specific rules about how to treat certain";
ret += " considered within the <code>::first-letter</code> pseudo-element.";
ret += " </p><p>If the letters that would form the ::first-letter are not in the";
ret += " same element, such as ''T' in <code><p>'<em>T...</code>, the UA";
ret += " both elements, or simply not create a pseudo-element.</p>";
ret += " <p>Similarly, if the first letter(s) of the block are not at the start";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <p><a name='overlapping-example'>The following example</a> illustrates";
ret += " paragraph will be 'red'.</p>";
ret += " <pre>p { color: red; font-size: 12pt }";
ret += " <P>Some text that ends up on two lines</P></pre>";
ret += " <p>Assuming that a line break will occur before the word 'ends', the";
ret += " <span class='index-inst' title='fictional tag sequence'>fictional tag";
ret += " sequence</span> for this fragment might be:</p>";
ret += " <pre><P>";
ret += " </P></pre>";
ret += " <p>Note that the <code>::first-letter</code> element is inside the <code>::first-line</code>";
ret += " element. Properties set on <code>::first-line</code> are inherited by";
ret += " <code>::first-letter</code>, but are overridden if the same property is";
ret += " <code>::first-letter</code>.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='UIfragments'>7.3.</a> <a name='selection'>The ::selection";
ret += " pseudo-element</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::selection</code> pseudo-element applies to the portion";
ret += " field. This pseudo-element should not be confused with the <code><a href='#checked'>:checked</a></code> pseudo-class (which used to be";
ret += " named <code>:selected</code>)";
ret += " </p><p>Although the <code>::selection</code> pseudo-element is dynamic in";
ret += " <a href='#refsCSS21'>[CSS21]</a>) which was originally rendered to a";
ret += " <code>::selection</code> state to that other medium, and have all the";
ret += " required — UAs may omit the <code>::selection</code>";
ret += " </p><p>These are the CSS properties that apply to <code>::selection</code>";
ret += " <code>::selection</code> may be ignored.";
ret += " </p><h4><a name='gen-content'>7.4. The ::before and ::after pseudo-elements</a></h4>";
ret += " <p>The <code>::before</code> and <code>::after</code> pseudo-elements";
ret += " content. They are explained in CSS 2.1 <a href='#refsCSS21'>[CSS21]</a>.</p>";
ret += " <p>When the <code>::first-letter</code> and <code>::first-line</code>";
ret += " pseudo-elements are combined with <code>::before</code> and";
ret += " <code>::after</code>, they apply to the first letter or line of the";
ret += " element including the inserted text.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='combinators'>8. Combinators</a></h2>";
ret += " <h3><a name='descendant-combinators'>8.1. Descendant combinator</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>At times, authors may want selectors to describe an element that is";
ret += " <code>EM</code> element that is contained within an <code>H1</code>";
ret += " descendant combinator is <a href='#whitespace'>white space</a> that";
ret += " separates two sequences of simple selectors. A selector of the form";
ret += " '<code>A B</code>' represents an element <code>B</code> that is an";
ret += " arbitrary descendant of some ancestor element <code>A</code>.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>For example, consider the following selector:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1 em</pre>";
ret += " <p>It represents an <code>em</code> element being the descendant of";
ret += " an <code>h1</code> element. It is a correct and valid, but partial,";
ret += " description of the following fragment:</p>";
ret += " <pre><h1>This <span class='myclass'>headline";
ret += " is <em>very</em> important</span></h1></pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector:</p>";
ret += " <pre>div * p</pre>";
ret += " <p>represents a <code>p</code> element that is a grandchild or later";
ret += " descendant of a <code>div</code> element. Note the whitespace on";
ret += " of the P.</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector, which combines descendant combinators and";
ret += " <a href='#attribute-selectors'>attribute selectors</a>, represents an";
ret += " element that (1) has the <code>href</code> attribute set and (2) is";
ret += " inside a <code>p</code> that is itself inside a <code>div</code>:</p>";
ret += " <pre>div p *[href]</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h3><a name='child-combinators'>8.2. Child combinators</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>A <dfn>child combinator</dfn> describes a childhood relationship";
ret += " 'greater-than sign' (<code>></code>) character and";
ret += " separates two sequences of simple selectors.";
ret += " </p><div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a <code>p</code> element that is";
ret += " child of <code>body</code>:</p>";
ret += " <pre>body > p</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following example combines descendant combinators and child";
ret += " combinators.</p>";
ret += " <pre>div ol>li p</pre>";
ret += " <!-- LEAVE THOSE SPACES OUT! see below -->";
ret += " <p>It represents a <code>p</code> element that is a descendant of an";
ret += " <code>li</code> element; the <code>li</code> element must be the";
ret += " child of an <code>ol</code> element; the <code>ol</code> element must";
ret += " be a descendant of a <code>div</code>. Notice that the optional white";
ret += " space around the '>' combinator has been left out.</p>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p>For information on selecting the first child of an element, please";
ret += " see the section on the <code><a href='#structural-pseudos'>:first-child</a></code> pseudo-class";
ret += " above.</p>";
ret += " <h3><a name='sibling-combinators'>8.3. Sibling combinators</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>There are two different sibling combinators: the adjacent sibling";
ret += " considering adjacency of elements.</p>";
ret += " <h4><a name='adjacent-sibling-combinators'>8.3.1. Adjacent sibling combinator</a>";
ret += " </h4>";
ret += " <p>The adjacent sibling combinator is made of the 'plus";
ret += " sign' (U+002B, <code>+</code>) character that separates two";
ret += " sequences of simple selectors. The elements represented by the two";
ret += " represented by the second one.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <p>The following selector represents a <code>p</code> element";
ret += " immediately following a <code>math</code> element:</p>";
ret += " <pre>math + p</pre>";
ret += " <p>The following selector is conceptually similar to the one in the";
ret += " adds a constraint to the <code>h1</code> element, that it must have";
ret += " <code>class='opener'</code>:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1.opener + h2</pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h4><a name='general-sibling-combinators'>8.3.2. General sibling combinator</a>";
ret += " </h4>";
ret += " <p>The general sibling combinator is made of the 'tilde'";
ret += " (U+007E, <code>~</code>) character that separates two sequences of";
ret += " simple selectors. The elements represented by the two sequences share";
ret += " represented by the second one.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Example:</p>";
ret += " <pre>h1 ~ pre</pre>";
ret += " <p>represents a <code>pre</code> element following an <code>h1</code>. It";
ret += " is a correct and valid, but partial, description of:</p>";
ret += " <pre><h1>Definition of the function a</h1>";
ret += " <pre>function a(x) = 12x/13.5</pre></pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h2><a name='specificity'>9. Calculating a selector's specificity</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>A selector's specificity is calculated as follows:</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>count the number of ID selectors in the selector (= a)</li>";
ret += " <li>count the number of class selectors, attributes selectors, and";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>count the number of element names in the selector (= c)</li>";
ret += " <li>ignore pseudo-elements</li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <p>Selectors inside <a href='#negation'>the negation pseudo-class</a>";
ret += " a pseudo-class.</p>";
ret += " <p>Concatenating the three numbers a-b-c (in a number system with a";
ret += " large base) gives the specificity.</p>";
ret += " <div class='example'>";
ret += " <p>Examples:</p>";
ret += " <pre>* /* a=0 b=0 c=0 -> specificity = 0 */";
ret += " </pre>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <p class='note'><strong>Note:</strong> the specificity of the styles";
ret += " specified in an HTML <code>style</code> attribute is described in CSS";
ret += " 2.1. <a href='#refsCSS21'>[CSS21]</a>.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='w3cselgrammar'>10. The grammar of Selectors</a></h2>";
ret += " <h3><a name='grammar'>10.1. Grammar</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>The grammar below defines the syntax of Selectors. It is globally";
ret += " shorthand notations beyond Yacc (see <a href='#refsYACC'>[YACC]</a>)";
ret += " are used:</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li><b>*</b>: 0 or more";
ret += " </li><li><b>+</b>: 1 or more";
ret += " </li><li><b>?</b>: 0 or 1";
ret += " </li><li><b>|</b>: separates alternatives";
ret += " </li><li><b>[ ]</b>: grouping</li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <p>The productions are:</p>";
ret += " <pre>selectors_group";
ret += " ;</pre>";
ret += " <h3><a name='lex'>10.2. Lexical scanner</a></h3>";
ret += " <p>The following is the <a name='x3'>tokenizer</a>, written in Flex (see";
ret += " <a href='#refsFLEX'>[FLEX]</a>) notation. The tokenizer is";
ret += " case-insensitive.</p>";
ret += " <p>The two occurrences of '\377' represent the highest character";
ret += " possible code point in Unicode/ISO-10646. <a href='#refsUNICODE'>[UNICODE]</a></p>";
ret += " <pre>%option case-insensitive";
ret += " . return *yytext;</pre>";
ret += " <h2><a name='downlevel'>11. Namespaces and down-level clients</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>An important issue is the interaction of CSS selectors with XML";
ret += " to construct a CSS style sheet which will properly match selectors in";
ret += " is possible to construct a style sheet in which selectors would match";
ret += " elements and attributes correctly.</p>";
ret += " <p>It should be noted that a down-level CSS client will (if it";
ret += " <code>@namespace</code> at-rules, as well as all style rules that make";
ret += " use of namespace qualified element type or attribute selectors. The";
ret += " than possibly match them incorrectly.</p>";
ret += " <p>The use of default namespaces in CSS makes it possible to write";
ret += " element type selectors that will function in both namespace aware CSS";
ret += " down-level clients may incorrectly match selectors against XML";
ret += " elements in other namespaces.</p>";
ret += " <p>The following are scenarios and examples in which it is possible to";
ret += " that do not implement this proposal.</p>";
ret += " <ol>";
ret += " <li>";
ret += " <p>The XML document does not use namespaces.</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>In this case, it is obviously not necessary to declare or use";
ret += " attribute selectors will function adequately in a down-level";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>In a CSS namespace aware client, the default behavior of";
ret += " element selectors matching without regard to namespace will";
ret += " present. However, the use of specific element type selectors";
ret += " match only elements that have no namespace ('<code>|name</code>')";
ret += " will guarantee that selectors will match only XML elements that";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>";
ret += " <p>The XML document defines a single, default namespace used";
ret += " names.</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>In this case, a down-level client will function as if";
ret += " element type and attribute selectors will match against all";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>";
ret += " <p>The XML document does <b>not</b> use a default namespace, all";
ret += " to the same URI).</p>";
ret += " <ul>";
ret += " <li>In this case, the down-level client will view and match";
ret += " element type and attribute selectors based on their fully";
ret += " qualified name, not the local part as outlined in the <a href='#typenmsp'>Type selectors and Namespaces</a>";
ret += " selectors may be declared using an escaped colon";
ret += " '<code>\\:</code>'";
ret += " '<code>html\\:h1</code>' will match";
ret += " <code><html:h1></code>. Selectors using the qualified name";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>Note that selectors declared in this fashion will";
ret += " <em>only</em> match in down-level clients. A CSS namespace aware";
ret += " client will match element type and attribute selectors based on";
ret += " the name's local part. Selectors declared with the fully";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ol>";
ret += " <p>In other scenarios: when the namespace prefixes used in the XML are";
ret += " <em>different</em> namespace URIs within the same document, or in";
ret += " a CSS and XML namespace aware client.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='profiling'>12. Profiles</a></h2>";
ret += " <p>Each specification using Selectors must define the subset of W3C";
ret += " Selectors it allows and excludes, and describe the local meaning of";
ret += " all the components of that subset.</p>";
ret += " <p>Non normative examples:";
ret += " </p><div class='profile'>";
ret += " <table class='tprofile'>";
ret += " <tbody>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th class='title' colspan='2'>Selectors profile</th>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Specification</th>";
ret += " <td>CSS level 1</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Accepts</th>";
ret += " <td>type selectors<br>class selectors<br>ID selectors<br>:link,";
ret += " :visited and :active pseudo-classes<br>descendant combinator";
ret += " <br>::first-line and ::first-letter pseudo-elements";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Excludes</th>";
ret += " <td>";
ret += " <p>universal selector<br>attribute selectors<br>:hover and";
ret += " pseudo-classes<br>:target pseudo-class<br>:lang()";
ret += " pseudo-class<br>all UI";
ret += " element states pseudo-classes<br>all structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes<br>negation pseudo-class<br>all";
ret += " UI element fragments pseudo-elements<br>::before and ::after";
ret += " pseudo-elements<br>child combinators<br>sibling combinators";
ret += " </p><p>namespaces</p></td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Extra constraints</th>";
ret += " <td>only one class selector allowed per sequence of simple";
ret += " selectors";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " </tbody>";
ret += " </table>";
ret += " <br><br>";
ret += " <table class='tprofile'>";
ret += " <tbody>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th class='title' colspan='2'>Selectors profile</th>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Specification</th>";
ret += " <td>CSS level 2</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Accepts</th>";
ret += " <td>type selectors<br>universal selector<br>attribute presence and";
ret += " values selectors<br>class selectors<br>ID selectors<br>:link,";
ret += " <br>descendant combinator<br>child combinator<br>adjacent";
ret += " combinator<br>::first-line and ::first-letter";
ret += " pseudo-elements<br>::before";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Excludes</th>";
ret += " <td>";
ret += " <p>content selectors<br>substring matching attribute";
ret += " selectors<br>:target pseudo-classes<br>all UI element";
ret += " states pseudo-classes<br>all structural pseudo-classes other";
ret += " than :first-child<br>negation pseudo-class<br>all UI element";
ret += " fragments pseudo-elements<br>general sibling combinators";
ret += " </p><p>namespaces</p></td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Extra constraints</th>";
ret += " <td>more than one class selector per sequence of simple selectors";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " </tbody>";
ret += " </table>";
ret += " <p>In CSS, selectors express pattern matching rules that determine which";
ret += " </p><p>The following selector (CSS level 2) will <b>match</b> all anchors <code>a</code>";
ret += " with attribute <code>name</code> set inside a section 1 header";
ret += " <code>h1</code>:";
ret += " </p><pre>h1 a[name]</pre>";
ret += " <p>All CSS declarations attached to such a selector are applied to elements";
ret += " matching it.</p></div>";
ret += " <div class='profile'>";
ret += " <table class='tprofile'>";
ret += " <tbody>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th class='title' colspan='2'>Selectors profile</th>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Specification</th>";
ret += " <td>STTS 3</td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Accepts</th>";
ret += " <td>";
ret += " <p>type selectors<br>universal selectors<br>attribute";
ret += " selectors<br>class";
ret += " selectors<br>ID selectors<br>all structural";
ret += " pseudo-classes<br>";
ret += " </p><p>namespaces</p></td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Excludes</th>";
ret += " <td>non-accepted pseudo-classes<br>pseudo-elements<br></td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " <tr>";
ret += " <th>Extra constraints</th>";
ret += " <td>some selectors and combinators are not allowed in fragment";
ret += " </td>";
ret += " </tr>";
ret += " </tbody>";
ret += " </table>";
ret += " <p>Selectors can be used in STTS 3 in two different";
ret += " </p><ol>";
ret += " <li>a selection mechanism equivalent to CSS selection mechanism:";
ret += " </li><li>fragment descriptions that appear on the right side of declarations.";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " </ol>";
ret += " </div>";
ret += " <h2><a name='Conformance'></a>13. Conformance and requirements</h2>";
ret += " <p>This section defines conformance with the present specification only.";
ret += " </p><p>The inability of a user agent to implement part of this specification due to";
ret += " </p><p>All specifications reusing Selectors must contain a <a href='#profiling'>Profile</a> listing the";
ret += " subset of Selectors it accepts or excludes, and describing the constraints";
ret += " </p><p>Invalidity is caused by a parsing error, e.g. an unrecognized token or a";
ret += " </p><p>User agents must observe the rules for handling parsing errors:";
ret += " </p><ul>";
ret += " <li>a simple selector containing an undeclared namespace prefix is invalid";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>a selector containing an invalid simple selector, an invalid combinator";
ret += " </li>";
ret += " <li>a group of selectors containing an invalid selector is invalid.</li>";
ret += " </ul>";
ret += " <p>Specifications reusing Selectors must define how to handle parsing";
ret += " used is dropped.)</p>";
ret += " <!-- Apparently all these references are out of date:";
ret += " <p>Implementations of this specification must behave as";
ret += " 'recipients of text data' as defined by <a href='#refsCWWW'>[CWWW]</a>";
ret += " when parsing selectors and attempting matches. (In particular,";
ret += " <a href='#refsCWWW'>[CWWW]</a> and <a";
ret += " href='#refsUNICODE'>[UNICODE]</a> and apply to implementations of this";
ret += " specification.</p>-->";
ret += " <h2><a name='Tests'></a>14. Tests</h2>";
ret += " <p>This specification has <a href='http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS3/Selectors/current/'>a test";
ret += " suite</a> allowing user agents to verify their basic conformance to";
ret += " and does not cover all possible combined cases of Selectors.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='ACKS'></a>15. Acknowledgements</h2>";
ret += " <p>The CSS working group would like to thank everyone who has sent";
ret += " comments on this specification over the years.</p>";
ret += " <p>The working group would like to extend special thanks to Donna";
ret += " the final editorial review.</p>";
ret += " <h2><a name='references'>16. References</a></h2>";
ret += " <dl class='refs'>";
ret += " <dt>[CSS1]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsCSS1'></a> Bert Bos, Håkon Wium Lie; '<cite>Cascading";
ret += " Style Sheets, level 1</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 17 Dec 1996, revised";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1'>http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[CSS21]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsCSS21'></a> Bert Bos, Tantek Çelik, Ian Hickson, Håkon";
ret += " Wium Lie, editors; '<cite>Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 revision";
ret += " 1</cite>', W3C Working Draft, 13 June 2005";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21'>http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[CWWW]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsCWWW'></a> Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau,";
ret += " Misha Wolf, Asmus Freytag, Tex Texin, editors; '<cite>Character Model";
ret += " for the World Wide Web</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 15 February 2005";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/'>http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[FLEX]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsFLEX'></a> '<cite>Flex: The Lexical Scanner";
ret += " Generator</cite>', Version 2.3.7, ISBN 1882114213";
ret += " </dd><dt>[HTML4]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsHTML4'></a> Dave Ragget, Arnaud Le Hors, Ian Jacobs,";
ret += " editors; '<cite>HTML 4.01 Specification</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 24";
ret += " </dd><dd>";
ret += " (<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/'><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/</code></a>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[MATH]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsMATH'></a> Patrick Ion, Robert Miner, editors; '<cite>Mathematical";
ret += " Markup Language (MathML) 1.01</cite>', W3C Recommendation, revision of 7";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/'>http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML/</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[RFC3066]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsRFC3066'></a> H. Alvestrand; '<cite>Tags for the";
ret += " Identification of Languages</cite>', Request for Comments 3066, January";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<a href='http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt'><code>http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt</code></a>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[STTS]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsSTTS'></a> Daniel Glazman; '<cite>Simple Tree Transformation";
ret += " Sheets 3</cite>', Electricité de France, submission to the W3C,";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-STTS3'>http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-STTS3</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[SVG]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsSVG'></a> Jon Ferraiolo, 藤沢 淳, Dean";
ret += " Jackson, editors; '<cite>Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1";
ret += " Specification</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 14 January 2003";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/'>http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[UNICODE]</dt>";
ret += " <dd><a name='refsUNICODE'></a> <cite><a href='http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.1.0/'>The Unicode";
ret += " Standard, Version 4.1</a></cite>, The Unicode Consortium. Boston, MA,";
ret += " Addison-Wesley, March 2005. ISBN 0-321-18578-1, as amended by <a href='http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.1/'>Unicode";
ret += " 4.0.1</a> and <a href='http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.1.0/'>Unicode";
ret += " 4.1.0</a>.";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<code><a href='http://www.unicode.org/versions/'>http://www.unicode.org/versions/</a></code>)";
ret += " </dd>";
ret += " <dt>[XML10]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsXML10'></a> Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen,";
ret += " Eve Maler, François Yergeau, editors; '<cite>Extensible Markup";
ret += " Language (XML) 1.0 (Third Edition)</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 4";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/'><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/</code></a>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[XMLNAMES]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsXMLNAMES'></a> Tim Bray, Dave Hollander, Andrew Layman,";
ret += " editors; '<cite>Namespaces in XML</cite>', W3C Recommendation, 14";
ret += " </dd><dd>(<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/'><code>http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/</code></a>)";
ret += " </dd><dt>[YACC]";
ret += " </dt><dd><a name='refsYACC'></a> S. C. Johnson; '<cite>YACC — Yet another";
ret += " compiler compiler</cite>', Technical Report, Murray Hill, 1975";
ret += " </dd></dl>'; </div>";
ret += " <input name='n' value='v1' type='radio'>1";
ret += " <input name='n' value='v2' checked='checked' type='radio'>2";
$(e).html(ret);
}
}