/*******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2015 IBM Corporation and others.
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
 * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
 * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
 *
 * Contributors:
 *     IBM Corporation - initial API and implementation
 *     Andrey Loskutov <loskutov@gmx.de> - generified interface, bug 462760
 ******************************************************************************/
package org.eclipse.ui.internal.ide.misc;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * A disjoint set is a generic data structure that represents a collection of
 * sets that are assumed to be disjoint (no object exists in more than
 * one set).
 * <p>
 * This disjoint set implementation represents the disjoint set as a forest,
 * where the nodes of each tree all belong to the same set. This implementation
 * uses path compression in the findSet implementation to flatten each tree
 * to a constant depth.  A rank is maintained for each tree that is used when
 * performing union operations to ensure the tree remains balanced.
 * <p>
 * Ref: Cormen, Leiserson, and Rivest <it>Introduction to Algorithms</it>,
 * McGraw-Hill, 1990. The disjoint set forest implementation in section 22.3.
 * </p>
 *
 * @param <T>
 *            element type
 * @since 3.2
 */
public class DisjointSet<T> {
	/**
	 * A node in the disjoint set forest.  Each tree in the forest is
	 * a disjoint set, where the root of the tree is the set representative.
	 */
	private static class Node<T> {
		/** The node rank used for union by rank optimization */
		int rank;
		/** The parent of this node in the tree. */
		T parent;

		Node(T parent, int rank) {
			this.parent = parent;
			this.rank = rank;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Map of Object -> Node, where each key is an object in the
	 * disjoint set, and the Node represents its position and rank
	 * within the set.
	 */
	private final HashMap<T, Node<T>> objectsToNodes = new HashMap<>();

	/**
	 * Returns the set token for the given object, or null if the
	 * object does not belong to any set.  All object
	 * in the same set have an identical set token.
	 * @param o The object to return the set token for
	 * @return The set token, or <code>null</code>
	 */
	public T findSet(Object o) {
		DisjointSet.Node<T> node = objectsToNodes.get(o);
		if (node == null) {
			return null;
		}
		if (o != node.parent) {
			node.parent = findSet(node.parent);
		}
		return node.parent;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a new set to the group of disjoint sets for the given object.
	 * It is assumed that the object does not yet belong to any set.
	 * @param o The object to add to the set
	 */
	public void makeSet(T o) {
		objectsToNodes.put(o, new Node<>(o, 0));
	}

	/**
	 * Removes all elements belonging to the set of the given object.
	 * @param o The object to remove
	 */
	public void removeSet(Object o) {
		Object set = findSet(o);
		if (set == null) {
			return;
		}
		for (Iterator<T> it = objectsToNodes.keySet().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
			T next = it.next();
			//remove the set representative last, otherwise findSet will fail
			if (next != set && findSet(next) == set) {
				it.remove();
			}
		}
		objectsToNodes.remove(set);
	}

	/**
	 * Copies all objects in the disjoint set to the provided list
	 * @param list The list to copy objects into
	 */
	public void toList(List<? super T> list) {
		list.addAll(objectsToNodes.keySet());
	}

	/**
	 * Unions the set represented by token x with the set represented by
	 * token y. Has no effect if either x or y is not in the disjoint set, or
	 * if they already belong to the same set.
	 * @param x The first set to union
	 * @param y The second set to union
	 */
	public void union(T x, T y) {
		T setX = findSet(x);
		T setY = findSet(y);
		if (setX == null || setY == null || setX == setY) {
			return;
		}
		Node<T> nodeX = objectsToNodes.get(setX);
		Node<T> nodeY = objectsToNodes.get(setY);
		//join the two sets by pointing the root of one at the root of the other
		if (nodeX.rank > nodeY.rank) {
			nodeY.parent = x;
		} else {
			nodeX.parent = y;
			if (nodeX.rank == nodeY.rank) {
				nodeY.rank++;
			}
		}
	}
}