/**
* Copyright (C) 2009-2013 FoundationDB, LLC
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package com.foundationdb.server.store;
import com.foundationdb.server.store.FDBTransactionService.TransactionState;
import com.foundationdb.ais.model.ForeignKey;
import com.foundationdb.ais.model.Index;
import com.foundationdb.ais.model.IndexColumn;
import com.foundationdb.qp.storeadapter.FDBAdapter;
import com.foundationdb.server.error.DuplicateKeyException;
import com.foundationdb.server.error.ForeignKeyReferencedViolationException;
import com.foundationdb.server.error.ForeignKeyReferencingViolationException;
import com.foundationdb.server.service.metrics.LongMetric;
import com.foundationdb.server.service.session.Session;
import com.foundationdb.KeyValue;
import com.foundationdb.async.AsyncIterator;
import com.foundationdb.async.Future;
import com.foundationdb.tuple.ByteArrayUtil;
import com.persistit.Key;
import com.persistit.Persistit;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.sql.Types;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
public class FDBPendingIndexChecks
{
public static enum CheckTime {
IMMEDIATE,
STATEMENT,
STATEMENT_WITH_RANGE_CACHE,
DELAYED,
DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE,
// For testing
DELAYED_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT,
DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT
;
public boolean isDelayed() {
return (this != IMMEDIATE);
}
public boolean isStatement() {
return (this == STATEMENT) || (this == STATEMENT_WITH_RANGE_CACHE);
}
public boolean isTestOnly() {
return (this == DELAYED_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT) || (this == DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT);
}
public boolean isRanged() {
return (this == STATEMENT_WITH_RANGE_CACHE) || (this == DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE) || (this == DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT);
}
public CheckTime getNonRanged() {
switch(this) {
case STATEMENT_WITH_RANGE_CACHE:
return STATEMENT;
case DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE:
return DELAYED;
case DELAYED_WITH_RANGE_CACHE_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT:
return DELAYED_ALWAYS_UNTIL_COMMIT;
default:
return this;
}
}
}
static enum CheckPass {
ROW, STATEMENT, TRANSACTION
}
static class PendingChecks {
protected final Index index;
protected List<PendingCheck<?>> pending = new ArrayList<>();
public PendingChecks(Index index) {
this.index = index;
}
public Iterable<PendingCheck<?>> getPending() {
return pending;
}
public void add(PendingCheck<?> check) {
pending.add(check);
}
public int size() {
return pending.size();
}
public void clear() {
pending.clear();
}
public CheckTime getCheckTime(Session session, TransactionState txn,
CheckTime checkTime) {
if (checkTime.isRanged()) {
if (!isMonotonic())
checkTime = checkTime.getNonRanged();
}
return checkTime;
}
/** Is the primary key for this index likely to increase monotonically? */
protected boolean isMonotonic() {
List<IndexColumn> columns = index.getKeyColumns();
if (columns.size() == 1) {
int type = columns.get(0).getColumn().getType().typeClass().jdbcType();
if ((type == Types.INTEGER) || (type == Types.BIGINT)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
static abstract class PendingCheck<V> {
protected byte[] bkey;
protected Future<V> value;
protected PendingCheck(byte[] bkey) {
this.bkey = bkey;
}
public byte[] getRawKey() {
return bkey;
}
public V getValue(Session session) {
try {
return value.get();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
throw FDBAdapter.wrapFDBException(session, e);
}
}
public abstract void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index);
public boolean isDone() {
return (value != null) && value.isDone();
}
public boolean delayOrDefer(CheckTime checkTime, CheckPass pass,
Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
switch (pass) {
case ROW:
return checkTime.isDelayed();
case STATEMENT:
return !checkTime.isStatement();
case TRANSACTION:
default:
return false;
}
}
public void blockUntilReady(TransactionState txn) {
long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
value.blockUntilReady();
long endNanos = System.nanoTime();
txn.uniquenessTime += (endNanos - startNanos);
}
public boolean deferForRecheck(CheckPass pass) {
return false;
}
/** Return <code>true</code> if the check passes. */
public abstract boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index);
/** Create appropriate exception for failed check. */
public abstract RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index);
}
static class KeyDoesNotExistInIndexCheck extends PendingCheck {
final byte[] ekey;
public KeyDoesNotExistInIndexCheck(byte[] bkey, byte[] ekey) {
super(bkey);
this.ekey = ekey;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
if(ekey == null) {
value = txn.getFuture(bkey);
} else {
value = txn.getRangeAsFutureList(bkey, ekey, 1);
}
}
@Override
public boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
if (ekey == null) {
return (getValue(session) == null);
} else {
return ((List)getValue(session)).isEmpty();
}
}
@Override
public RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
// Recover Key for error message.
Key persistitKey = new Key((Persistit)null);
FDBStoreDataHelper.unpackTuple(index, persistitKey, bkey);
String msg = formatIndexRowString(index, persistitKey);
return new DuplicateKeyException(index.getIndexName(), msg);
}
}
/** This is not a real check, but might be put in the pending queue so that
* it doesn't get GC'ed too early and cancel the range load into the cache.
*/
static class SnapshotRangeLoadCache extends PendingCheck<List<KeyValue>> {
public SnapshotRangeLoadCache(byte[] key) {
super(key);
}
@Override
public void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
byte[] indexEnd = ByteArrayUtil.strinc(FDBStoreDataHelper.prefixBytes(index));
value = txn.getSnapshotRangeAsFutureList(bkey, indexEnd, 1, false);
}
@Override
public boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
if (false) {
// This is how you'd find a duplicate from the range. Not used
// because want to get conflict from individual keys that are
// checked.
List<KeyValue> kvs = getValue(session);
return (kvs.isEmpty() || !Arrays.equals(kvs.get(0).getKey(), bkey));
}
else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
assert false;
return null;
}
}
static enum DeferredForeignKey {
IMMEDIATE,
DEFERRABLE_STATEMENT, DEFERRABLE_TRANSACTION,
RECHECK_STATEMENT, RECHECK_TRANSACTION
}
static abstract class ForeignKeyCheck<V> extends PendingCheck<V> {
protected final ForeignKey foreignKey;
protected final String operation;
protected DeferredForeignKey deferred;
protected ForeignKeyCheck(byte[] bkey, ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
super(bkey);
this.foreignKey = foreignKey;
switch (finalPass) {
case ROW:
this.deferred = DeferredForeignKey.IMMEDIATE;
break;
case STATEMENT:
this.deferred = DeferredForeignKey.DEFERRABLE_STATEMENT;
break;
case TRANSACTION:
this.deferred = DeferredForeignKey.DEFERRABLE_TRANSACTION;
break;
}
this.operation = operation;
}
@Override
public boolean delayOrDefer(CheckTime checkTime, CheckPass pass,
Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
switch (deferred) {
case IMMEDIATE:
case DEFERRABLE_TRANSACTION:
default:
return super.delayOrDefer(checkTime, pass, session, txn, index);
case DEFERRABLE_STATEMENT:
// Since we need to recheck any error at the end of the statement, we
// cannot delay past that, by which time more may have
// changed. Application should DEFER as well as DELAY to get full
// benefit when not auto-commit.
if (pass == CheckPass.STATEMENT)
return false;
else
return super.delayOrDefer(checkTime, pass, session, txn, index);
case RECHECK_STATEMENT:
if (pass == CheckPass.ROW)
return true;
break;
case RECHECK_TRANSACTION:
if (pass != CheckPass.TRANSACTION)
return true;
break;
}
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Repeating check at {}: {}", pass, createException(session, txn, index));
}
recheck(session, txn, index); // Execute deferred recheck.
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean deferForRecheck(CheckPass pass) {
switch (deferred) {
case DEFERRABLE_STATEMENT:
if (pass == CheckPass.ROW) {
deferred = DeferredForeignKey.RECHECK_STATEMENT;
value = null;
return true;
}
break;
case DEFERRABLE_TRANSACTION:
if (pass != CheckPass.TRANSACTION) {
deferred = DeferredForeignKey.RECHECK_TRANSACTION;
value = null;
return true;
}
break;
}
return false;
}
protected void recheck(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
query(session, txn, index);
}
}
static class ForeignKeyReferencingCheck extends ForeignKeyCheck {
private final byte[] ekey;
public ForeignKeyReferencingCheck(byte[] bkey, byte[] ekey,
ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
super(bkey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
this.ekey = ekey;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
if (ekey == null) {
value = txn.getFuture(bkey);
} else {
value = txn.getRangeAsFutureList(bkey, ekey, 1);
}
}
@Override
public boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
if (ekey == null) {
return getValue(session) != null;
} else {
return !((List)getValue(session)).isEmpty();
}
}
@Override
public RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
Key persistitKey = new Key((Persistit)null);
FDBStoreDataHelper.unpackTuple(index, persistitKey, bkey);
String key = ConstraintHandler.formatKey(session, index, persistitKey,
foreignKey.getReferencingColumns(),
foreignKey.getReferencedColumns());
return new ForeignKeyReferencingViolationException(operation,
foreignKey.getReferencingTable().getName(),
key,
foreignKey.getConstraintName().getTableName(),
foreignKey.getReferencedTable().getName());
}
}
static class ForeignKeyNotReferencedCheck extends ForeignKeyCheck<List<KeyValue>> {
protected byte[] ekey;
public ForeignKeyNotReferencedCheck(byte[] bkey, byte[] ekey,
ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
super(bkey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
this.ekey = ekey;
}
@Override
public void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
// Only need to find 1, referenced check on insert referencing covers other half
value = txn.getRangeAsFutureList(bkey, ekey, checkSize());
}
@Override
public boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
return (getValue(session).size() < checkSize());
}
protected int checkSize() {
return 1;
}
@Override
public RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
Key persistitKey = new Key((Persistit)null);
FDBStoreDataHelper.unpackTuple(index, persistitKey, bkey);
String key = ConstraintHandler.formatKey(session, index, persistitKey,
foreignKey.getReferencedColumns(),
foreignKey.getReferencingColumns());
return new ForeignKeyReferencedViolationException(operation,
foreignKey.getReferencedTable().getName(),
key,
foreignKey.getConstraintName().getTableName(),
foreignKey.getReferencingTable().getName());
}
}
static class ForeignKeyNotReferencedSkipSelfCheck extends ForeignKeyNotReferencedCheck {
private boolean recheck;
public ForeignKeyNotReferencedSkipSelfCheck(byte[] bkey, byte[] ekey,
ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
super(bkey, ekey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
}
@Override
protected int checkSize() {
return recheck ? 1 : 2; // On recheck, self-referencing row has been deleted.
}
@Override
protected void recheck(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
super.recheck(session, txn, index);
recheck = true;
}
}
static class ForeignKeyNotReferencedWholeCheck extends ForeignKeyCheck<Boolean> {
protected AsyncIterator<KeyValue> iter;
public ForeignKeyNotReferencedWholeCheck(byte[] bkey,
ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
super(bkey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
}
@Override
public void query(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
byte[] indexEnd = ByteArrayUtil.strinc(FDBStoreDataHelper.prefixBytes(index));
iter = txn.getRangeIterator(bkey, indexEnd);
value = iter.onHasNext();
}
@Override
public boolean check(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
try {
Key persistitKey = null;
while (iter.hasNext()) {
KeyValue kv = iter.next();
bkey = kv.getKey();
if (persistitKey == null) {
persistitKey = new Key((Persistit)null);
}
FDBStoreDataHelper.unpackTuple(index, persistitKey, bkey);
if (!ConstraintHandler.keyHasNullSegments(persistitKey, index)) {
return false;
}
}
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
throw FDBAdapter.wrapFDBException(session, e);
}
return true;
}
@Override
public RuntimeException createException(Session session, TransactionState txn, Index index) {
Key persistitKey = new Key((Persistit)null);
FDBStoreDataHelper.unpackTuple(index, persistitKey, bkey);
String key = ConstraintHandler.formatKey(session, index, persistitKey,
foreignKey.getReferencedColumns(),
foreignKey.getReferencingColumns());
return new ForeignKeyReferencedViolationException(operation,
foreignKey.getReferencedTable().getName(),
key,
foreignKey.getConstraintName().getTableName(),
foreignKey.getReferencingTable().getName());
}
}
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FDBPendingIndexChecks.class);
private final Map<Index,PendingChecks> pending = new HashMap<>();
private final CheckTime checkTime;
private final LongMetric metric;
public FDBPendingIndexChecks(CheckTime checkTime, LongMetric metric) {
this.checkTime = checkTime;
this.metric = metric;
}
public boolean isDelayed() {
return checkTime.isDelayed();
}
public static PendingCheck<?> keyDoesNotExistInIndexCheck(Session session, TransactionState txn,
Index index, Key key) {
byte[] bkey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key);
// The first check of an index in a transaction; may benefit
// from a range scan to inform the cache of empty space.
FDBPendingIndexChecks indexChecks = txn.getIndexChecks(false);
if (indexChecks != null) {
Map<Index,PendingChecks> pending = indexChecks.pending;
PendingChecks checks = pending.get(index);
if (checks == null) {
checks = new PendingChecks(index);
pending.put(index, checks);
CheckTime checkTime = checks.getCheckTime(session, txn,
indexChecks.checkTime);
if (checkTime.isRanged()) {
LOG.debug("One-time range load for {} > {}", index, key);
PendingCheck<?> check = new SnapshotRangeLoadCache(bkey);
check.query(session, txn, index);
// TODO: Queuing seems to never help, so always block for now.
if (true) {
check.blockUntilReady(txn);
}
else {
indexChecks.add(session, txn, index, check);
}
}
}
}
byte[] ekey = null;
// Check entire range of prefix for key with unspecified components (i.e. HKey columns)
if (key.getDepth() < index.getAllColumns().size()) {
ekey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key, Key.AFTER);
}
PendingCheck<?> check = new KeyDoesNotExistInIndexCheck(bkey, ekey);
check.query(session, txn, index);
return check;
}
public static PendingCheck<?> foreignKeyReferencingCheck(Session session, TransactionState txn,
Index index, Key key,
ForeignKey foreignKey, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
byte[] bkey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key);
byte[] ekey = null;
if (key.getDepth() < index.getAllColumns().size()) {
ekey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key, Key.AFTER);
}
PendingCheck<?> check = new ForeignKeyReferencingCheck(bkey, ekey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
check.query(session, txn, index);
return check;
}
public static PendingCheck<?> foreignKeyNotReferencedCheck(Session session, TransactionState txn,
Index index, Key key, boolean wholeIndex,
ForeignKey foreignKey, boolean selfReference, CheckPass finalPass, String operation) {
byte[] bkey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key);
PendingCheck<?> check;
if (wholeIndex) {
check = new ForeignKeyNotReferencedWholeCheck(bkey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
}
else {
byte[] ekey = FDBStoreDataHelper.packedTuple(index, key, Key.AFTER);
if (selfReference) {
check = new ForeignKeyNotReferencedSkipSelfCheck(bkey, ekey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
}
else {
check = new ForeignKeyNotReferencedCheck(bkey, ekey, foreignKey, finalPass, operation);
}
}
check.query(session, txn, index);
return check;
}
public void add(Session session, TransactionState txn,
Index index, PendingCheck<?> check) {
// Do this periodically just to keep the size of things down.
performChecks(session, txn, CheckPass.ROW);
PendingChecks checks = pending.get(index);
if (checks == null) {
checks = new PendingChecks(index);
pending.put(index, checks);
}
checks.add(check);
metric.increment();
}
protected void performChecks(Session session, TransactionState txn, CheckPass pass) {
if (checkTime.isTestOnly() && (pass != CheckPass.TRANSACTION))
// Special test-only mode to avoid unpredictable timing.
return;
int count = 0;
for (PendingChecks checks : pending.values()) {
Iterator<PendingCheck<?>> iter = checks.getPending().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
PendingCheck<?> check = iter.next();
if (!check.isDone()) {
if (check.delayOrDefer(checkTime, pass,
session, txn, checks.index)) {
continue;
}
if (count > 0) {
// Don't bother updating count for every one
// done, but do before actually blocking.
metric.increment(- count);
count = 0;
}
check.blockUntilReady(txn);
}
boolean ok;
try {
ok = check.check(session, txn, checks.index);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw FDBAdapter.wrapFDBException(session, ex);
}
if (!ok) {
if (check.deferForRecheck(pass)) {
continue;
}
throw check.createException(session, txn, checks.index);
}
iter.remove();
count++;
}
}
if (count > 0) {
metric.increment(- count);
}
}
public void clear() {
int count = 0;
for (PendingChecks checks : pending.values()) {
count += checks.size();
checks.clear();
}
if (count > 0) {
metric.increment(- count);
}
}
private static String formatIndexRowString(Index index, Key key) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int maxDecode = index.getKeyColumns().size();
sb.append('(');
key.indexTo(0);
for(int i = 0; i < maxDecode && i < key.getDepth(); ++i) {
if(i > 0) {
sb.append(',');
}
Object o = key.decode();
sb.append(o);
}
sb.append(')');
return sb.toString();
}
}