/**
*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.balancer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaTableAccessor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ServerName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.master.RackManager;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.HBaseProtos;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.HBaseProtos.FavoredNodes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.EnvironmentEdgeManager;
import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
/**
* Helper class for {@link FavoredNodeLoadBalancer} that has all the intelligence
* for racks, meta scans, etc. Instantiated by the {@link FavoredNodeLoadBalancer}
* when needed (from within calls like
* {@link FavoredNodeLoadBalancer#randomAssignment(HRegionInfo, List)}).
*
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Private
public class FavoredNodeAssignmentHelper {
private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(FavoredNodeAssignmentHelper.class);
private RackManager rackManager;
private Map<String, List<ServerName>> rackToRegionServerMap;
private List<String> uniqueRackList;
private Map<ServerName, String> regionServerToRackMap;
private Random random;
private List<ServerName> servers;
public static final byte [] FAVOREDNODES_QUALIFIER = Bytes.toBytes("fn");
public final static short FAVORED_NODES_NUM = 3;
public FavoredNodeAssignmentHelper(final List<ServerName> servers, Configuration conf) {
this(servers, new RackManager(conf));
}
public FavoredNodeAssignmentHelper(final List<ServerName> servers,
final RackManager rackManager) {
this.servers = servers;
this.rackManager = rackManager;
this.rackToRegionServerMap = new HashMap<String, List<ServerName>>();
this.regionServerToRackMap = new HashMap<ServerName, String>();
this.uniqueRackList = new ArrayList<String>();
this.random = new Random();
}
/**
* Update meta table with favored nodes info
* @param regionToFavoredNodes map of HRegionInfo's to their favored nodes
* @param connection connection to be used
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void updateMetaWithFavoredNodesInfo(
Map<HRegionInfo, List<ServerName>> regionToFavoredNodes,
Connection connection) throws IOException {
List<Put> puts = new ArrayList<Put>();
for (Map.Entry<HRegionInfo, List<ServerName>> entry : regionToFavoredNodes.entrySet()) {
Put put = makePutFromRegionInfo(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
if (put != null) {
puts.add(put);
}
}
MetaTableAccessor.putsToMetaTable(connection, puts);
LOG.info("Added " + puts.size() + " regions in META");
}
/**
* Update meta table with favored nodes info
* @param regionToFavoredNodes
* @param conf
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void updateMetaWithFavoredNodesInfo(
Map<HRegionInfo, List<ServerName>> regionToFavoredNodes,
Configuration conf) throws IOException {
List<Put> puts = new ArrayList<Put>();
for (Map.Entry<HRegionInfo, List<ServerName>> entry : regionToFavoredNodes.entrySet()) {
Put put = makePutFromRegionInfo(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
if (put != null) {
puts.add(put);
}
}
// Write the region assignments to the meta table.
// TODO: See above overrides take a Connection rather than a Configuration only the
// Connection is a short circuit connection. That is not going to good in all cases, when
// master and meta are not colocated. Fix when this favored nodes feature is actually used
// someday.
try (Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf)) {
try (Table metaTable = connection.getTable(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME)) {
metaTable.put(puts);
}
}
LOG.info("Added " + puts.size() + " regions in META");
}
/**
* Generates and returns a Put containing the region info for the catalog table
* and the servers
* @param regionInfo
* @param favoredNodeList
* @return Put object
*/
static Put makePutFromRegionInfo(HRegionInfo regionInfo, List<ServerName>favoredNodeList)
throws IOException {
Put put = null;
if (favoredNodeList != null) {
put = MetaTableAccessor.makePutFromRegionInfo(regionInfo);
byte[] favoredNodes = getFavoredNodes(favoredNodeList);
put.addImmutable(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY, FAVOREDNODES_QUALIFIER,
EnvironmentEdgeManager.currentTime(), favoredNodes);
LOG.info("Create the region " + regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString() +
" with favored nodes " + Bytes.toString(favoredNodes));
}
return put;
}
/**
* @param favoredNodes The PB'ed bytes of favored nodes
* @return the array of {@link ServerName} for the byte array of favored nodes.
* @throws InvalidProtocolBufferException
*/
public static ServerName[] getFavoredNodesList(byte[] favoredNodes)
throws InvalidProtocolBufferException {
FavoredNodes f = FavoredNodes.parseFrom(favoredNodes);
List<HBaseProtos.ServerName> protoNodes = f.getFavoredNodeList();
ServerName[] servers = new ServerName[protoNodes.size()];
int i = 0;
for (HBaseProtos.ServerName node : protoNodes) {
servers[i++] = ProtobufUtil.toServerName(node);
}
return servers;
}
/**
* @param serverAddrList
* @return PB'ed bytes of {@link FavoredNodes} generated by the server list.
*/
public static byte[] getFavoredNodes(List<ServerName> serverAddrList) {
FavoredNodes.Builder f = FavoredNodes.newBuilder();
for (ServerName s : serverAddrList) {
HBaseProtos.ServerName.Builder b = HBaseProtos.ServerName.newBuilder();
b.setHostName(s.getHostname());
b.setPort(s.getPort());
b.setStartCode(s.getStartcode());
f.addFavoredNode(b.build());
}
return f.build().toByteArray();
}
// Place the regions round-robin across the racks picking one server from each
// rack at a time. Start with a random rack, and a random server from every rack.
// If a rack doesn't have enough servers it will go to the next rack and so on.
// for choosing a primary.
// For example, if 4 racks (r1 .. r4) with 8 servers (s1..s8) each, one possible
// placement could be r2:s5, r3:s5, r4:s5, r1:s5, r2:s6, r3:s6..
// If there were fewer servers in one rack, say r3, which had 3 servers, one possible
// placement could be r2:s5, <skip-r3>, r4:s5, r1:s5, r2:s6, <skip-r3> ...
// The regions should be distributed proportionately to the racksizes
void placePrimaryRSAsRoundRobin(Map<ServerName, List<HRegionInfo>> assignmentMap,
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName> primaryRSMap, List<HRegionInfo> regions) {
List<String> rackList = new ArrayList<String>(rackToRegionServerMap.size());
rackList.addAll(rackToRegionServerMap.keySet());
int rackIndex = random.nextInt(rackList.size());
int maxRackSize = 0;
for (Map.Entry<String,List<ServerName>> r : rackToRegionServerMap.entrySet()) {
if (r.getValue().size() > maxRackSize) {
maxRackSize = r.getValue().size();
}
}
int numIterations = 0;
int firstServerIndex = random.nextInt(maxRackSize);
// Initialize the current processing host index.
int serverIndex = firstServerIndex;
for (HRegionInfo regionInfo : regions) {
List<ServerName> currentServerList;
String rackName;
while (true) {
rackName = rackList.get(rackIndex);
numIterations++;
// Get the server list for the current rack
currentServerList = rackToRegionServerMap.get(rackName);
if (serverIndex >= currentServerList.size()) { //not enough machines in this rack
if (numIterations % rackList.size() == 0) {
if (++serverIndex >= maxRackSize) serverIndex = 0;
}
if ((++rackIndex) >= rackList.size()) {
rackIndex = 0; // reset the rack index to 0
}
} else break;
}
// Get the current process region server
ServerName currentServer = currentServerList.get(serverIndex);
// Place the current region with the current primary region server
primaryRSMap.put(regionInfo, currentServer);
List<HRegionInfo> regionsForServer = assignmentMap.get(currentServer);
if (regionsForServer == null) {
regionsForServer = new ArrayList<HRegionInfo>();
assignmentMap.put(currentServer, regionsForServer);
}
regionsForServer.add(regionInfo);
// Set the next processing index
if (numIterations % rackList.size() == 0) {
++serverIndex;
}
if ((++rackIndex) >= rackList.size()) {
rackIndex = 0; // reset the rack index to 0
}
}
}
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]> placeSecondaryAndTertiaryRS(
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName> primaryRSMap) {
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]> secondaryAndTertiaryMap =
new HashMap<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]>();
for (Map.Entry<HRegionInfo, ServerName> entry : primaryRSMap.entrySet()) {
// Get the target region and its primary region server rack
HRegionInfo regionInfo = entry.getKey();
ServerName primaryRS = entry.getValue();
try {
// Create the secondary and tertiary region server pair object.
ServerName[] favoredNodes;
// Get the rack for the primary region server
String primaryRack = rackManager.getRack(primaryRS);
if (getTotalNumberOfRacks() == 1) {
favoredNodes = singleRackCase(regionInfo, primaryRS, primaryRack);
} else {
favoredNodes = multiRackCase(regionInfo, primaryRS, primaryRack);
}
if (favoredNodes != null) {
secondaryAndTertiaryMap.put(regionInfo, favoredNodes);
LOG.debug("Place the secondary and tertiary region server for region "
+ regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Cannot place the favored nodes for region " +
regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString() + " because " + e, e);
continue;
}
}
return secondaryAndTertiaryMap;
}
private Map<ServerName, Set<HRegionInfo>> mapRSToPrimaries(
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName> primaryRSMap) {
Map<ServerName, Set<HRegionInfo>> primaryServerMap =
new HashMap<ServerName, Set<HRegionInfo>>();
for (Entry<HRegionInfo, ServerName> e : primaryRSMap.entrySet()) {
Set<HRegionInfo> currentSet = primaryServerMap.get(e.getValue());
if (currentSet == null) {
currentSet = new HashSet<HRegionInfo>();
}
currentSet.add(e.getKey());
primaryServerMap.put(e.getValue(), currentSet);
}
return primaryServerMap;
}
/**
* For regions that share the primary, avoid placing the secondary and tertiary
* on a same RS. Used for generating new assignments for the
* primary/secondary/tertiary RegionServers
* @param primaryRSMap
* @return the map of regions to the servers the region-files should be hosted on
*/
public Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]> placeSecondaryAndTertiaryWithRestrictions(
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName> primaryRSMap) {
Map<ServerName, Set<HRegionInfo>> serverToPrimaries =
mapRSToPrimaries(primaryRSMap);
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]> secondaryAndTertiaryMap =
new HashMap<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]>();
for (Entry<HRegionInfo, ServerName> entry : primaryRSMap.entrySet()) {
// Get the target region and its primary region server rack
HRegionInfo regionInfo = entry.getKey();
ServerName primaryRS = entry.getValue();
try {
// Get the rack for the primary region server
String primaryRack = rackManager.getRack(primaryRS);
ServerName[] favoredNodes = null;
if (getTotalNumberOfRacks() == 1) {
// Single rack case: have to pick the secondary and tertiary
// from the same rack
favoredNodes = singleRackCase(regionInfo, primaryRS, primaryRack);
} else {
favoredNodes = multiRackCaseWithRestrictions(serverToPrimaries,
secondaryAndTertiaryMap, primaryRack, primaryRS, regionInfo);
}
if (favoredNodes != null) {
secondaryAndTertiaryMap.put(regionInfo, favoredNodes);
LOG.debug("Place the secondary and tertiary region server for region "
+ regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Cannot place the favored nodes for region "
+ regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString() + " because " + e, e);
continue;
}
}
return secondaryAndTertiaryMap;
}
private ServerName[] multiRackCaseWithRestrictions(
Map<ServerName, Set<HRegionInfo>> serverToPrimaries,
Map<HRegionInfo, ServerName[]> secondaryAndTertiaryMap,
String primaryRack, ServerName primaryRS, HRegionInfo regionInfo) throws IOException {
// Random to choose the secondary and tertiary region server
// from another rack to place the secondary and tertiary
// Random to choose one rack except for the current rack
Set<String> rackSkipSet = new HashSet<String>();
rackSkipSet.add(primaryRack);
String secondaryRack = getOneRandomRack(rackSkipSet);
List<ServerName> serverList = getServersFromRack(secondaryRack);
Set<ServerName> serverSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
serverSet.addAll(serverList);
ServerName[] favoredNodes;
if (serverList.size() >= 2) {
// Randomly pick up two servers from this secondary rack
// Skip the secondary for the tertiary placement
// skip the servers which share the primary already
Set<HRegionInfo> primaries = serverToPrimaries.get(primaryRS);
Set<ServerName> skipServerSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
while (true) {
ServerName[] secondaryAndTertiary = null;
if (primaries.size() > 1) {
// check where his tertiary and secondary are
for (HRegionInfo primary : primaries) {
secondaryAndTertiary = secondaryAndTertiaryMap.get(primary);
if (secondaryAndTertiary != null) {
if (regionServerToRackMap.get(secondaryAndTertiary[0]).equals(secondaryRack)) {
skipServerSet.add(secondaryAndTertiary[0]);
}
if (regionServerToRackMap.get(secondaryAndTertiary[1]).equals(secondaryRack)) {
skipServerSet.add(secondaryAndTertiary[1]);
}
}
}
}
if (skipServerSet.size() + 2 <= serverSet.size())
break;
skipServerSet.clear();
rackSkipSet.add(secondaryRack);
// we used all racks
if (rackSkipSet.size() == getTotalNumberOfRacks()) {
// remove the last two added and break
skipServerSet.remove(secondaryAndTertiary[0]);
skipServerSet.remove(secondaryAndTertiary[1]);
break;
}
secondaryRack = getOneRandomRack(rackSkipSet);
serverList = getServersFromRack(secondaryRack);
serverSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
serverSet.addAll(serverList);
}
// Place the secondary RS
ServerName secondaryRS = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack, skipServerSet);
skipServerSet.add(secondaryRS);
// Place the tertiary RS
ServerName tertiaryRS = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack, skipServerSet);
if (secondaryRS == null || tertiaryRS == null) {
LOG.error("Cannot place the secondary and tertiary"
+ " region server for region "
+ regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
}
// Create the secondary and tertiary pair
favoredNodes = new ServerName[2];
favoredNodes[0] = secondaryRS;
favoredNodes[1] = tertiaryRS;
} else {
// Pick the secondary rs from this secondary rack
// and pick the tertiary from another random rack
favoredNodes = new ServerName[2];
ServerName secondary = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack);
favoredNodes[0] = secondary;
// Pick the tertiary
if (getTotalNumberOfRacks() == 2) {
// Pick the tertiary from the same rack of the primary RS
Set<ServerName> serverSkipSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
serverSkipSet.add(primaryRS);
favoredNodes[1] = getOneRandomServer(primaryRack, serverSkipSet);
} else {
// Pick the tertiary from another rack
rackSkipSet.add(secondaryRack);
String tertiaryRandomRack = getOneRandomRack(rackSkipSet);
favoredNodes[1] = getOneRandomServer(tertiaryRandomRack);
}
}
return favoredNodes;
}
private ServerName[] singleRackCase(HRegionInfo regionInfo,
ServerName primaryRS,
String primaryRack) throws IOException {
// Single rack case: have to pick the secondary and tertiary
// from the same rack
List<ServerName> serverList = getServersFromRack(primaryRack);
if (serverList.size() <= 2) {
// Single region server case: cannot not place the favored nodes
// on any server;
return null;
} else {
// Randomly select two region servers from the server list and make sure
// they are not overlap with the primary region server;
Set<ServerName> serverSkipSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
serverSkipSet.add(primaryRS);
// Place the secondary RS
ServerName secondaryRS = getOneRandomServer(primaryRack, serverSkipSet);
// Skip the secondary for the tertiary placement
serverSkipSet.add(secondaryRS);
// Place the tertiary RS
ServerName tertiaryRS =
getOneRandomServer(primaryRack, serverSkipSet);
if (secondaryRS == null || tertiaryRS == null) {
LOG.error("Cannot place the secondary and terinary" +
"region server for region " +
regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
}
// Create the secondary and tertiary pair
ServerName[] favoredNodes = new ServerName[2];
favoredNodes[0] = secondaryRS;
favoredNodes[1] = tertiaryRS;
return favoredNodes;
}
}
private ServerName[] multiRackCase(HRegionInfo regionInfo,
ServerName primaryRS,
String primaryRack) throws IOException {
// Random to choose the secondary and tertiary region server
// from another rack to place the secondary and tertiary
// Random to choose one rack except for the current rack
Set<String> rackSkipSet = new HashSet<String>();
rackSkipSet.add(primaryRack);
ServerName[] favoredNodes = new ServerName[2];
String secondaryRack = getOneRandomRack(rackSkipSet);
List<ServerName> serverList = getServersFromRack(secondaryRack);
if (serverList.size() >= 2) {
// Randomly pick up two servers from this secondary rack
// Place the secondary RS
ServerName secondaryRS = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack);
// Skip the secondary for the tertiary placement
Set<ServerName> skipServerSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
skipServerSet.add(secondaryRS);
// Place the tertiary RS
ServerName tertiaryRS = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack, skipServerSet);
if (secondaryRS == null || tertiaryRS == null) {
LOG.error("Cannot place the secondary and terinary" +
"region server for region " +
regionInfo.getRegionNameAsString());
}
// Create the secondary and tertiary pair
favoredNodes[0] = secondaryRS;
favoredNodes[1] = tertiaryRS;
} else {
// Pick the secondary rs from this secondary rack
// and pick the tertiary from another random rack
favoredNodes[0] = getOneRandomServer(secondaryRack);
// Pick the tertiary
if (getTotalNumberOfRacks() == 2) {
// Pick the tertiary from the same rack of the primary RS
Set<ServerName> serverSkipSet = new HashSet<ServerName>();
serverSkipSet.add(primaryRS);
favoredNodes[1] = getOneRandomServer(primaryRack, serverSkipSet);
} else {
// Pick the tertiary from another rack
rackSkipSet.add(secondaryRack);
String tertiaryRandomRack = getOneRandomRack(rackSkipSet);
favoredNodes[1] = getOneRandomServer(tertiaryRandomRack);
}
}
return favoredNodes;
}
boolean canPlaceFavoredNodes() {
int serverSize = this.regionServerToRackMap.size();
return (serverSize >= FAVORED_NODES_NUM);
}
public void initialize() {
for (ServerName sn : this.servers) {
String rackName = this.rackManager.getRack(sn);
List<ServerName> serverList = this.rackToRegionServerMap.get(rackName);
if (serverList == null) {
serverList = new ArrayList<ServerName>();
// Add the current rack to the unique rack list
this.uniqueRackList.add(rackName);
}
if (!serverList.contains(sn)) {
serverList.add(sn);
this.rackToRegionServerMap.put(rackName, serverList);
this.regionServerToRackMap.put(sn, rackName);
}
}
}
private int getTotalNumberOfRacks() {
return this.uniqueRackList.size();
}
private List<ServerName> getServersFromRack(String rack) {
return this.rackToRegionServerMap.get(rack);
}
private ServerName getOneRandomServer(String rack,
Set<ServerName> skipServerSet) throws IOException {
if(rack == null) return null;
List<ServerName> serverList = this.rackToRegionServerMap.get(rack);
if (serverList == null) return null;
// Get a random server except for any servers from the skip set
if (skipServerSet != null && serverList.size() <= skipServerSet.size()) {
throw new IOException("Cannot randomly pick another random server");
}
ServerName randomServer;
do {
int randomIndex = random.nextInt(serverList.size());
randomServer = serverList.get(randomIndex);
} while (skipServerSet != null && skipServerSet.contains(randomServer));
return randomServer;
}
private ServerName getOneRandomServer(String rack) throws IOException {
return this.getOneRandomServer(rack, null);
}
private String getOneRandomRack(Set<String> skipRackSet) throws IOException {
if (skipRackSet == null || uniqueRackList.size() <= skipRackSet.size()) {
throw new IOException("Cannot randomly pick another random server");
}
String randomRack;
do {
int randomIndex = random.nextInt(this.uniqueRackList.size());
randomRack = this.uniqueRackList.get(randomIndex);
} while (skipRackSet.contains(randomRack));
return randomRack;
}
public static String getFavoredNodesAsString(List<ServerName> nodes) {
StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
int i = 0;
for (ServerName node : nodes) {
strBuf.append(node.getHostAndPort());
if (++i != nodes.size()) strBuf.append(";");
}
return strBuf.toString();
}
}