/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package javax.servlet.jsp;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* <p>
* The actions and template data in a JSP page is written using the
* JspWriter object that is referenced by the implicit variable out which
* is initialized automatically using methods in the PageContext object.
*<p>
* This abstract class emulates some of the functionality found in the
* java.io.BufferedWriter and java.io.PrintWriter classes,
* however it differs in that it throws java.io.IOException from the print
* methods while PrintWriter does not.
* <p><B>Buffering</B>
* <p>
* The initial JspWriter object is associated with the PrintWriter object
* of the ServletResponse in a way that depends on whether the page is or
* is not buffered. If the page is not buffered, output written to this
* JspWriter object will be written through to the PrintWriter directly,
* which will be created if necessary by invoking the getWriter() method
* on the response object. But if the page is buffered, the PrintWriter
* object will not be created until the buffer is flushed and
* operations like setContentType() are legal. Since this flexibility
* simplifies programming substantially, buffering is the default for JSP
* pages.
* <p>
* Buffering raises the issue of what to do when the buffer is
* exceeded. Two approaches can be taken:
* <ul>
* <li>
* Exceeding the buffer is not a fatal error; when the buffer is
* exceeded, just flush the output.
* <li>
* Exceeding the buffer is a fatal error; when the buffer is exceeded,
* raise an exception.
* </ul>
* <p>
* Both approaches are valid, and thus both are supported in the JSP
* technology. The behavior of a page is controlled by the autoFlush
* attribute, which defaults to true. In general, JSP pages that need to
* be sure that correct and complete data has been sent to their client
* may want to set autoFlush to false, with a typical case being that
* where the client is an application itself. On the other hand, JSP
* pages that send data that is meaningful even when partially
* constructed may want to set autoFlush to true; such as when the
* data is sent for immediate display through a browser. Each application
* will need to consider their specific needs.
* <p>
* An alternative considered was to make the buffer size unbounded; but,
* this had the disadvantage that runaway computations would consume an
* unbounded amount of resources.
* <p>
* The "out" implicit variable of a JSP implementation class is of this type.
* If the page directive selects autoflush="true" then all the I/O operations
* on this class shall automatically flush the contents of the buffer if an
* overflow condition would result if the current operation were performed
* without a flush. If autoflush="false" then all the I/O operations on this
* class shall throw an IOException if performing the current operation would
* result in a buffer overflow condition.
*
* @see java.io.Writer
* @see java.io.BufferedWriter
* @see java.io.PrintWriter
*/
abstract public class JspWriter extends java.io.Writer {
/**
* Constant indicating that the Writer is not buffering output.
*/
public static final int NO_BUFFER = 0;
/**
* Constant indicating that the Writer is buffered and is using the
* implementation default buffer size.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER = -1;
/**
* Constant indicating that the Writer is buffered and is unbounded; this
* is used in BodyContent.
*/
public static final int UNBOUNDED_BUFFER = -2;
/**
* Protected constructor.
*
* @param bufferSize the size of the buffer to be used by the JspWriter
* @param autoFlush whether the JspWriter should be autoflushing
*/
protected JspWriter(int bufferSize, boolean autoFlush) {
this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
this.autoFlush = autoFlush;
}
/**
* Write a line separator. The line separator string is defined by the
* system property <tt>line.separator</tt>, and is not necessarily a single
* newline ('\n') character.
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
abstract public void newLine() throws IOException;
/**
* Print a boolean value. The string produced by <code>{@link
* java.lang.String#valueOf(boolean)}</code> is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param b The <code>boolean</code> to be printed
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(boolean b) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a character. The character is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param c The <code>char</code> to be printed
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(char c) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an integer. The string produced by <code>{@link
* java.lang.String#valueOf(int)}</code> is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param i The <code>int</code> to be printed
* @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int)
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(int i) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a long integer. The string produced by <code>{@link
* java.lang.String#valueOf(long)}</code> is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param l The <code>long</code> to be printed
* @see java.lang.Long#toString(long)
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(long l) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a floating-point number. The string produced by <code>{@link
* java.lang.String#valueOf(float)}</code> is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param f The <code>float</code> to be printed
* @see java.lang.Float#toString(float)
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(float f) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a double-precision floating-point number. The string produced by
* <code>{@link java.lang.String#valueOf(double)}</code> is written to
* the JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param d The <code>double</code> to be printed
* @see java.lang.Double#toString(double)
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(double d) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an array of characters. The characters are written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param s The array of chars to be printed
*
* @throws NullPointerException If <code>s</code> is <code>null</code>
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(char s[]) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a string. If the argument is <code>null</code> then the string
* <code>"null"</code> is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are
* written to the JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly
* to the underlying writer.
*
* @param s The <code>String</code> to be printed
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(String s) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an object. The string produced by the <code>{@link
* java.lang.String#valueOf(Object)}</code> method is written to the
* JspWriter's buffer or, if no buffer is used, directly to the
* underlying writer.
*
* @param obj The <code>Object</code> to be printed
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void print(Object obj) throws IOException;
/**
* Terminate the current line by writing the line separator string. The
* line separator string is defined by the system property
* <code>line.separator</code>, and is not necessarily a single newline
* character (<code>'\n'</code>).
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println() throws IOException;
/**
* Print a boolean value and then terminate the line. This method behaves
* as though it invokes <code>{@link #print(boolean)}</code> and then
* <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the boolean to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(boolean x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a character and then terminate the line. This method behaves as
* though it invokes <code>{@link #print(char)}</code> and then <code>{@link
* #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the char to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(char x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an integer and then terminate the line. This method behaves as
* though it invokes <code>{@link #print(int)}</code> and then <code>{@link
* #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the int to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(int x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a long integer and then terminate the line. This method behaves
* as though it invokes <code>{@link #print(long)}</code> and then
* <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the long to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(long x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a floating-point number and then terminate the line. This method
* behaves as though it invokes <code>{@link #print(float)}</code> and then
* <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the float to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(float x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a double-precision floating-point number and then terminate the
* line. This method behaves as though it invokes <code>{@link
* #print(double)}</code> and then <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the double to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(double x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an array of characters and then terminate the line. This method
* behaves as though it invokes <code>print(char[])</code> and then
* <code>println()</code>.
*
* @param x the char[] to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(char x[]) throws IOException;
/**
* Print a String and then terminate the line. This method behaves as
* though it invokes <code>{@link #print(String)}</code> and then
* <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the String to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(String x) throws IOException;
/**
* Print an Object and then terminate the line. This method behaves as
* though it invokes <code>{@link #print(Object)}</code> and then
* <code>{@link #println()}</code>.
*
* @param x the Object to write
* @throws java.io.IOException If an error occured while writing
*/
abstract public void println(Object x) throws IOException;
/**
* Clear the contents of the buffer. If the buffer has been already
* been flushed then the clear operation shall throw an IOException
* to signal the fact that some data has already been irrevocably
* written to the client response stream.
*
* @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
abstract public void clear() throws IOException;
/**
* Clears the current contents of the buffer. Unlike clear(), this
* method will not throw an IOException if the buffer has already been
* flushed. It merely clears the current content of the buffer and
* returns.
*
* @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
abstract public void clearBuffer() throws IOException;
/**
* Flush the stream. If the stream has saved any characters from the
* various write() methods in a buffer, write them immediately to their
* intended destination. Then, if that destination is another character or
* byte stream, flush it. Thus one flush() invocation will flush all the
* buffers in a chain of Writers and OutputStreams.
* <p>
* The method may be invoked indirectly if the buffer size is exceeded.
* <p>
* Once a stream has been closed,
* further write() or flush() invocations will cause an IOException to be
* thrown.
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
abstract public void flush() throws IOException;
/**
* Close the stream, flushing it first.
* <p>
* This method needs not be invoked explicitly for the initial JspWriter
* as the code generated by the JSP container will automatically
* include a call to close().
* <p>
* Closing a previously-closed stream, unlike flush(), has no effect.
*
* @exception IOException If an I/O error occurs
*/
abstract public void close() throws IOException;
/**
* This method returns the size of the buffer used by the JspWriter.
*
* @return the size of the buffer in bytes, or 0 is unbuffered.
*/
public int getBufferSize() { return bufferSize; }
/**
* This method returns the number of unused bytes in the buffer.
*
* @return the number of bytes unused in the buffer
*/
abstract public int getRemaining();
/**
* This method indicates whether the JspWriter is autoFlushing.
*
* @return if this JspWriter is auto flushing or throwing IOExceptions
* on buffer overflow conditions
*/
public boolean isAutoFlush() { return autoFlush; }
/*
* fields
*/
/**
* The size of the buffer used by the JspWriter.
*/
protected int bufferSize;
/**
* Whether the JspWriter is autoflushing.
*/
protected boolean autoFlush;
}