/*
* Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.example.bluno;
import android.app.Service;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattDescriptor;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Service for managing connection and data communication with a GATT server hosted on a
* given Bluetooth LE device.
*/
public class BluetoothLeService extends Service {
private final static String TAG = BluetoothLeService.class.getSimpleName();
private BluetoothManager mBluetoothManager;
private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;
public String mBluetoothDeviceAddress;
private static final int STATE_DISCONNECTED = 0;
private static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 1;
private static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2;
public int mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
//To tell the onCharacteristicWrite call back function that this is a new characteristic,
//not the Write Characteristic to the device successfully.
private static final int WRITE_NEW_CHARACTERISTIC = -1;
//define the limited length of the characteristic.
private static final int MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH = 17;
//Show that Characteristic is writing or not.
private boolean mIsWritingCharacteristic=false;
//class to store the Characteristic and content string push into the ring buffer.
private class BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper{
BluetoothGattCharacteristic mCharacteristic;
String mCharacteristicValue;
BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, String characteristicValue){
mCharacteristic=characteristic;
mCharacteristicValue=characteristicValue;
}
}
//ring buffer
private RingBuffer<BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper> mCharacteristicRingBuffer = new RingBuffer<BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper>(8);
public final static String ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED";
public final static String ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED";
public final static String ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE";
public final static String EXTRA_DATA =
"com.example.bluetooth.le.EXTRA_DATA";
// public final static UUID UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT =
// UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT);
// Implements callback methods for GATT events that the app cares about. For example,
// connection change and services discovered.
private final BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
String intentAction;
System.out.println("BluetoothGattCallback----onConnectionStateChange"+newState);
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_CONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTED;
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
Log.i(TAG, "Connected to GATT server.");
// Attempts to discover services after successful connection.
if(mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices())
{
Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:");
}
else{
Log.i(TAG, "Attempting to start service discovery:not success");
}
} else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
intentAction = ACTION_GATT_DISCONNECTED;
mConnectionState = STATE_DISCONNECTED;
Log.i(TAG, "Disconnected from GATT server.");
broadcastUpdate(intentAction);
}
}
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
System.out.println("onServicesDiscovered "+status);
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_GATT_SERVICES_DISCOVERED);
} else {
Log.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status)
{
//this block should be synchronized to prevent the function overloading
synchronized(this)
{
//CharacteristicWrite success
if(status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS)
{
System.out.println("onCharacteristicWrite success:"+ new String(characteristic.getValue()));
if(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.isEmpty())
{
mIsWritingCharacteristic = false;
}
else
{
BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper = mCharacteristicRingBuffer.next();
if(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.length() > MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH)
{
try {
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.setValue(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.substring(0, MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH).getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// this should never happen because "US-ASCII" is hard-coded.
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
if(mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic))
{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":success");
}else{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":failure");
}
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue = bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.substring(MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH);
}
else
{
try {
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.setValue(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// this should never happen because "US-ASCII" is hard-coded.
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
if(mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic))
{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":success");
}else{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":failure");
}
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue = "";
// System.out.print("before pop:");
// System.out.println(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.size());
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.pop();
// System.out.print("after pop:");
// System.out.println(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.size());
}
}
}
//WRITE a NEW CHARACTERISTIC
else if(status == WRITE_NEW_CHARACTERISTIC)
{
if((!mCharacteristicRingBuffer.isEmpty()) && mIsWritingCharacteristic==false)
{
BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper = mCharacteristicRingBuffer.next();
if(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.length() > MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH)
{
try {
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.setValue(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.substring(0, MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH).getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// this should never happen because "US-ASCII" is hard-coded.
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
if(mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic))
{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":success");
}else{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":failure");
}
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue = bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.substring(MAX_CHARACTERISTIC_LENGTH);
}
else
{
try {
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.setValue(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// this should never happen because "US-ASCII" is hard-coded.
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
if(mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic))
{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":success");
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[0]);
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[1]);
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[2]);
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[3]);
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[4]);
// System.out.println((byte)bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue()[5]);
}else{
System.out.println("writeCharacteristic init "+new String(bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristic.getValue())+ ":failure");
}
bluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper.mCharacteristicValue = "";
// System.out.print("before pop:");
// System.out.println(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.size());
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.pop();
// System.out.print("after pop:");
// System.out.println(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.size());
}
}
mIsWritingCharacteristic = true;
//clear the buffer to prevent the lock of the mIsWritingCharacteristic
if(mCharacteristicRingBuffer.isFull())
{
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.clear();
mIsWritingCharacteristic = false;
}
}
else
//CharacteristicWrite fail
{
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.clear();
System.out.println("onCharacteristicWrite fail:"+ new String(characteristic.getValue()));
System.out.println(status);
}
}
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
System.out.println("onCharacteristicRead "+characteristic.getUuid().toString());
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
}
@Override
public void onDescriptorWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattDescriptor characteristic,
int status){
System.out.println("onDescriptorWrite "+characteristic.getUuid().toString()+" "+status);
}
@Override
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
System.out.println("onCharacteristicChanged "+new String(characteristic.getValue()));
broadcastUpdate(ACTION_DATA_AVAILABLE, characteristic);
}
};
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
private void broadcastUpdate(final String action,
final BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
System.out.println("BluetoothLeService broadcastUpdate");
// This is special handling for the Heart Rate Measurement profile. Data parsing is
// carried out as per profile specifications:
// http://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicViewer.aspx?u=org.bluetooth.characteristic.heart_rate_measurement.xml
// if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
// int flag = characteristic.getProperties();
// int format = -1;
// if ((flag & 0x01) != 0) {
// format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT16;
// Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT16.");
// } else {
// format = BluetoothGattCharacteristic.FORMAT_UINT8;
// Log.d(TAG, "Heart rate format UINT8.");
// }
// final int heartRate = characteristic.getIntValue(format, 1);
// Log.d(TAG, String.format("Received heart rate: %d", heartRate));
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, String.valueOf(heartRate));
// } else {
// For all other profiles, writes the data formatted in HEX.
final byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
intent.putExtra(EXTRA_DATA, new String(data));
sendBroadcast(intent);
}
// }
}
public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
BluetoothLeService getService() {
return BluetoothLeService.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}
@Override
public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
// After using a given device, you should make sure that BluetoothGatt.close() is called
// such that resources are cleaned up properly. In this particular example, close() is
// invoked when the UI is disconnected from the Service.
close();
return super.onUnbind(intent);
}
private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
/**
* Initializes a reference to the local Bluetooth adapter.
*
* @return Return true if the initialization is successful.
*/
public boolean initialize() {
// For API level 18 and above, get a reference to BluetoothAdapter through
// BluetoothManager.
System.out.println("BluetoothLeService initialize"+mBluetoothManager);
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
mBluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
if (mBluetoothManager == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize BluetoothManager.");
return false;
}
}
mBluetoothAdapter = mBluetoothManager.getAdapter();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Unable to obtain a BluetoothAdapter.");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* Connects to the GATT server hosted on the Bluetooth LE device.
*
* @param address The device address of the destination device.
*
* @return Return true if the connection is initiated successfully. The connection result
* is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
* callback.
*/
public boolean connect(final String address) {
System.out.println("BluetoothLeService connect"+address+mBluetoothGatt);
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
return false;
}
// Previously connected device. Try to reconnect.
// if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
// && mBluetoothGatt != null) {
// Log.d(TAG, "Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
// if (mBluetoothGatt.connect()) {
// System.out.println("mBluetoothGatt connect");
// mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
// return true;
// } else {
// System.out.println("mBluetoothGatt else connect");
// return false;
// }
// }
final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
if (device == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "Device not found. Unable to connect.");
return false;
}
// We want to directly connect to the device, so we are setting the autoConnect
// parameter to false.
System.out.println("device.connectGatt connect");
synchronized(this)
{
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
}
Log.d(TAG, "Trying to create a new connection.");
mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
mConnectionState = STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
}
/**
* Disconnects an existing connection or cancel a pending connection. The disconnection result
* is reported asynchronously through the
* {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onConnectionStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, int, int)}
* callback.
*/
public void disconnect() {
System.out.println("BluetoothLeService disconnect");
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.clear();
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
}
/**
* After using a given BLE device, the app must call this method to ensure resources are
* released properly.
*/
public void close() {
System.out.println("BluetoothLeService close");
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.clear();
if (mBluetoothGatt == null) {
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.close();
mBluetoothGatt = null;
}
/**
* Request a read on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The read result is reported
* asynchronously through the {@code BluetoothGattCallback#onCharacteristicRead(android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt, android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic, int)}
* callback.
*
* @param characteristic The characteristic to read from.
*/
public void readCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
}
/**
* Write information to the device on a given {@code BluetoothGattCharacteristic}. The content string and characteristic is
* only pushed into a ring buffer. All the transmission is based on the {@code onCharacteristicWrite} call back function,
* which is called directly in this function
*
* @param characteristic The characteristic to write to.
*/
public void writeCharacteristic(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
//The character size of TI CC2540 is limited to 17 bytes, otherwise characteristic can not be sent properly,
//so String should be cut to comply this restriction. And something should be done here:
String writeCharacteristicString;
try {
writeCharacteristicString = new String(characteristic.getValue(),"ISO-8859-1");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// this should never happen because "US-ASCII" is hard-coded.
throw new IllegalStateException(e);
}
System.out.println("allwriteCharacteristicString:"+writeCharacteristicString);
//As the communication is asynchronous content string and characteristic should be pushed into an ring buffer for further transmission
mCharacteristicRingBuffer.push(new BluetoothGattCharacteristicHelper(characteristic,writeCharacteristicString) );
System.out.println("mCharacteristicRingBufferlength:"+mCharacteristicRingBuffer.size());
//The progress of onCharacteristicWrite and writeCharacteristic is almost the same. So callback function is called directly here
//for details see the onCharacteristicWrite function
mGattCallback.onCharacteristicWrite(mBluetoothGatt, characteristic, WRITE_NEW_CHARACTERISTIC);
}
/**
* Enables or disables notification on a give characteristic.
*
* @param characteristic Characteristic to act on.
* @param enabled If true, enable notification. False otherwise.
*/
public void setCharacteristicNotification(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic,
boolean enabled) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "BluetoothAdapter not initialized");
return;
}
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic, enabled);
//BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(characteristic.getUuid());
//descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
//mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
// This is specific to Heart Rate Measurement.
// if (UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT.equals(characteristic.getUuid())) {
// BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor = characteristic.getDescriptor(
// UUID.fromString(SampleGattAttributes.CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIG));
// descriptor.setValue(BluetoothGattDescriptor.ENABLE_NOTIFICATION_VALUE);
// mBluetoothGatt.writeDescriptor(descriptor);
// }
}
/**
* Retrieves a list of supported GATT services on the connected device. This should be
* invoked only after {@code BluetoothGatt#discoverServices()} completes successfully.
*
* @return A {@code List} of supported services.
*/
public List<BluetoothGattService> getSupportedGattServices() {
if (mBluetoothGatt == null) return null;
return mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
}
}