/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.pig;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.AbstractCollection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Counter;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.RecordReader;
import org.apache.pig.classification.InterfaceAudience;
import org.apache.pig.classification.InterfaceStability;
import org.apache.pig.LoadPushDown.RequiredFieldList;
import org.apache.pig.backend.hadoop.executionengine.mapReduceLayer.PigSplit;
import org.apache.pig.builtin.Utf8StorageConverter;
import org.apache.pig.data.Tuple;
import org.apache.pig.impl.logicalLayer.FrontendException;
import org.apache.pig.impl.util.UDFContext;
import org.apache.pig.tools.pigstats.PigStatusReporter;
/**
* A LoadFunc loads data into Pig. It can read from an HDFS file or other source.
* LoadFunc is tightly coupled to Hadoop's {@link org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputFormat}.
* LoadFunc's sit atop an InputFormat and translate from the keys and values of Hadoop
* to Pig's tuples.
* <p>
* LoadFunc contains the basic features needed by the majority of load functions. For
* more advanced functionality there are separate interfaces that a load function
* can implement. See {@link LoadCaster}, {@link LoadMetadata}, {@link LoadPushDown},
* {@link OrderedLoadFunc}, {@link CollectableLoadFunc}, and {@link IndexableLoadFunc}.
*/
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public abstract class LoadFunc {
/**
* This method is called by the Pig runtime in the front end to convert the
* input location to an absolute path if the location is relative. The
* loadFunc implementation is free to choose how it converts a relative
* location to an absolute location since this may depend on what the location
* string represent (hdfs path or some other data source)
*
* @param location location as provided in the "load" statement of the script
* @param curDir the current working direction based on any "cd" statements
* in the script before the "load" statement. If there are no "cd" statements
* in the script, this would be the home directory -
* <pre>/user/<username> </pre>
* @return the absolute location based on the arguments passed
* @throws IOException if the conversion is not possible
*/
public String relativeToAbsolutePath(String location, Path curDir)
throws IOException {
return getAbsolutePath(location, curDir);
}
/**
* Communicate to the loader the location of the object(s) being loaded.
* The location string passed to the LoadFunc here is the return value of
* {@link LoadFunc#relativeToAbsolutePath(String, Path)}. Implementations
* should use this method to communicate the location (and any other information)
* to its underlying InputFormat through the Job object.
*
* This method will be called in the frontend and backend multiple times. Implementations
* should bear in mind that this method is called multiple times and should
* ensure there are no inconsistent side effects due to the multiple calls.
*
* @param location Location as returned by
* {@link LoadFunc#relativeToAbsolutePath(String, Path)}
* @param job the {@link Job} object
* store or retrieve earlier stored information from the {@link UDFContext}
* @throws IOException if the location is not valid.
*/
public abstract void setLocation(String location, Job job) throws IOException;
/**
* This will be called during planning on the front end. This is the
* instance of InputFormat (rather than the class name) because the
* load function may need to instantiate the InputFormat in order
* to control how it is constructed.
* @return the InputFormat associated with this loader.
* @throws IOException if there is an exception during InputFormat
* construction
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public abstract InputFormat getInputFormat() throws IOException;
/**
* This will be called on the front end during planning and not on the back
* end during execution.
* @return the {@link LoadCaster} associated with this loader. Returning null
* indicates that casts from byte array are not supported for this loader.
* construction
* @throws IOException if there is an exception during LoadCaster
*/
public LoadCaster getLoadCaster() throws IOException {
return new Utf8StorageConverter();
}
/**
* Initializes LoadFunc for reading data. This will be called during execution
* before any calls to getNext. The RecordReader needs to be passed here because
* it has been instantiated for a particular InputSplit.
* @param reader {@link RecordReader} to be used by this instance of the LoadFunc
* @param split The input {@link PigSplit} to process
* @throws IOException if there is an exception during initialization
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public abstract void prepareToRead(RecordReader reader, PigSplit split) throws IOException;
/**
* Retrieves the next tuple to be processed. Implementations should NOT reuse
* tuple objects (or inner member objects) they return across calls and
* should return a different tuple object in each call.
* @return the next tuple to be processed or null if there are no more tuples
* to be processed.
* @throws IOException if there is an exception while retrieving the next
* tuple
*/
public abstract Tuple getNext() throws IOException;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Join multiple strings into a string delimited by the given delimiter.
*
* @param s a collection of strings
* @param delimiter the delimiter
* @return a 'delimiter' separated string
*/
public static String join(AbstractCollection<String> s, String delimiter) {
if (s.isEmpty()) return "";
Iterator<String> iter = s.iterator();
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(iter.next());
while (iter.hasNext()) {
buffer.append(delimiter);
buffer.append(iter.next());
}
return buffer.toString();
}
/**
* Parse comma separated path strings into a string array. This method
* escapes commas in the Hadoop glob pattern of the given paths.
*
* This method is borrowed from
* {@link org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat}. A jira
* (MAPREDUCE-1205) is opened to make the same name method there
* accessible. We'll use that method directly when the jira is fixed.
*
* @param commaSeparatedPaths a comma separated string
* @return an array of path strings
*/
public static String[] getPathStrings(String commaSeparatedPaths) {
int length = commaSeparatedPaths.length();
int curlyOpen = 0;
int pathStart = 0;
boolean globPattern = false;
List<String> pathStrings = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
char ch = commaSeparatedPaths.charAt(i);
switch(ch) {
case '{' : {
curlyOpen++;
if (!globPattern) {
globPattern = true;
}
break;
}
case '}' : {
curlyOpen--;
if (curlyOpen == 0 && globPattern) {
globPattern = false;
}
break;
}
case ',' : {
if (!globPattern) {
pathStrings.add(commaSeparatedPaths.substring(pathStart, i));
pathStart = i + 1 ;
}
break;
}
}
}
pathStrings.add(commaSeparatedPaths.substring(pathStart, length));
return pathStrings.toArray(new String[0]);
}
/**
* Construct the absolute path from the file location and the current
* directory. The current directory is either of the form
* {code}hdfs://<nodename>:<nodeport>/<directory>{code} in Hadoop
* MapReduce mode, or of the form
* {code}file:///<directory>{code} in Hadoop local mode.
*
* @param location the location string specified in the load statement
* @param curDir the current file system directory
* @return the absolute path of file in the file system
* @throws FrontendException if the scheme of the location is incompatible
* with the scheme of the file system
*/
public static String getAbsolutePath(String location, Path curDir)
throws FrontendException {
if (location == null || curDir == null) {
throw new FrontendException(
"location: " + location + " curDir: " + curDir);
}
URI fsUri = curDir.toUri();
String fsScheme = fsUri.getScheme();
if (fsScheme == null) {
throw new FrontendException("curDir: " + curDir);
}
fsScheme = fsScheme.toLowerCase();
String authority = fsUri.getAuthority();
if(authority == null) {
authority = "";
}
Path rootDir = new Path(fsScheme, authority, "/");
ArrayList<String> pathStrings = new ArrayList<String>();
String[] fnames = getPathStrings(location);
for (String fname: fnames) {
// remove leading/trailing whitespace(s)
fname = fname.trim();
Path p = new Path(fname);
URI uri = p.toUri();
// if the supplied location has a scheme (i.e. uri is absolute) or
// an absolute path, just use it.
if(! (uri.isAbsolute() || p.isAbsolute())) {
String scheme = uri.getScheme();
if (scheme != null) {
scheme = scheme.toLowerCase();
}
if (scheme != null && !scheme.equals(fsScheme)) {
throw new FrontendException("Incompatible file URI scheme: "
+ scheme + " : " + fsScheme);
}
String path = uri.getPath();
fname = (p.isAbsolute()) ?
new Path(rootDir, path).toString() :
new Path(curDir, path).toString();
}
fname = fname.replaceFirst("^file:/([^/])", "file:///$1");
// remove the trailing /
fname = fname.replaceFirst("/$", "");
pathStrings.add(fname);
}
return join(pathStrings, ",");
}
/**
* This method will be called by Pig both in the front end and back end to
* pass a unique signature to the {@link LoadFunc}. The signature can be used
* to store into the {@link UDFContext} any information which the
* {@link LoadFunc} needs to store between various method invocations in the
* front end and back end. A use case is to store {@link RequiredFieldList}
* passed to it in {@link LoadPushDown#pushProjection(RequiredFieldList)} for
* use in the back end before returning tuples in {@link LoadFunc#getNext()}.
* This method will be call before other methods in {@link LoadFunc}
* @param signature a unique signature to identify this LoadFunc
*/
public void setUDFContextSignature(String signature) {
// default implementation is a no-op
}
/**
* Issue a warning. Warning messages are aggregated and reported to
* the user.
* @param msg String message of the warning
* @param warningEnum type of warning
*/
public final void warn(String msg, Enum warningEnum) {
Counter counter = PigStatusReporter.getInstance().getCounter(warningEnum);
if (counter!=null)
counter.increment(1);
}
}