// Copyright (C) 1999-2001 by Jason Hunter <jhunter_AT_acm_DOT_org>.
// All rights reserved. Use of this class is limited.
// Please see the LICENSE for more information.
package com.oreilly.servlet;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
/**
* A class to help send SMTP email. It can be used by any Java program, not
* just servlets. Servlets are likely to use this class to:
* <ul>
* <li>Send submitted form data to interested parties
* <li>Send an email page to an administrator in case of error
* <li>Send the client an order confirmation
* </ul>
* <p>
* This class is an improvement on the sun.net.smtp.SmtpClient class
* found in the JDK. This version has extra functionality, and can be used
* with JVMs that did not extend from the JDK. It's not as robust as
* the JavaMail Standard Extension classes, but it's easier to use and
* easier to install.
* <p>
* It can be used like this:
* <blockquote><pre>
* String mailhost = "localhost"; // or another mail host
* String from = "Mail Message Servlet <MailMessage@somedomain.com>";
* String to = "to@somedomain.com";
* String cc1 = "cc1@somedomain.com";
* String cc2 = "cc2@somedomain.com";
* String bcc = "bcc@somedomain.com";
*
* MailMessage msg = new MailMessage(mailhost);
* msg.from(from);
* msg.to(to);
* msg.cc(cc1);
* msg.cc(cc2);
* msg.bcc(bcc);
* msg.setSubject("Test subject");
* PrintStream out = msg.getPrintStream();
*
* Enumeration paramenum = req.getParameterNames();
* while (paramenum.hasMoreElements()) {
* String name = (String)paramenum.nextElement();
* String value = req.getParameter(name);
* out.println(name + " = " + value);
* }
*
* msg.sendAndClose();
* </pre></blockquote>
* <p>
* Be sure to set the from address, then set the recepient
* addresses, then set the subject and other headers, then get the
* PrintStream, then write the message, and finally send and close.
* The class does minimal error checking internally; it counts on the mail
* host to complain if there's any malformatted input or out of order
* execution.
* <p>
* An attachment mechanism based on RFC 1521 could be implemented on top of
* this class. In the meanwhile, JavaMail is the best solution for sending
* email with attachments.
* <p>
* Still to do:
* <ul>
* <li>Figure out how to close the connection in case of error
* </ul>
*
* @author <b>Jason Hunter</b>, Copyright © 1999
* @version 1.2, 2002/11/01, added logic to suppress CC: header if no CC addrs
* @version 1.1, 2000/03/19, added angle brackets to address, helps some servers
* @version 1.0, 1999/12/29
*/
public class MailMessage {
String host;
String from;
Vector to, cc;
Hashtable headers;
MailPrintStream out;
BufferedReader in;
Socket socket;
/**
* Constructs a new MailMessage to send an email.
* Use localhost as the mail server.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem contacting the mail server
*/
public MailMessage() throws IOException {
this("localhost");
}
/**
* Constructs a new MailMessage to send an email.
* Use the given host as the mail server.
*
* @param host the mail server to use
* @exception IOException if there's any problem contacting the mail server
*/
public MailMessage(String host) throws IOException {
this.host = host;
to = new Vector();
cc = new Vector();
headers = new Hashtable();
setHeader("X-Mailer", "com.oreilly.servlet.MailMessage (www.servlets.com)");
connect();
sendHelo();
}
/**
* Sets the from address. Also sets the "From" header. This method should
* be called only once.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public void from(String from) throws IOException {
sendFrom(from);
this.from = from;
}
/**
* Sets the to address. Also sets the "To" header. This method may be
* called multiple times.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public void to(String to) throws IOException {
sendRcpt(to);
this.to.addElement(to);
}
/**
* Sets the cc address. Also sets the "Cc" header. This method may be
* called multiple times.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public void cc(String cc) throws IOException {
sendRcpt(cc);
this.cc.addElement(cc);
}
/**
* Sets the bcc address. Does NOT set any header since it's a *blind* copy.
* This method may be called multiple times.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public void bcc(String bcc) throws IOException {
sendRcpt(bcc);
// No need to keep track of Bcc'd addresses
}
/**
* Sets the subject of the mail message. Actually sets the "Subject"
* header.
*/
public void setSubject(String subj) {
headers.put("Subject", subj);
}
/**
* Sets the named header to the given value. RFC 822 provides the rules for
* what text may constitute a header name and value.
*/
public void setHeader(String name, String value) {
// Blindly trust the user doesn't set any invalid headers
headers.put(name, value);
}
/**
* Returns a PrintStream that can be used to write the body of the message.
* A stream is used since email bodies are byte-oriented. A writer could
* be wrapped on top if necessary for internationalization.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public PrintStream getPrintStream() throws IOException {
setFromHeader();
setToHeader();
setCcHeader();
sendData();
flushHeaders();
return out;
}
void setFromHeader() {
setHeader("From", from);
}
void setToHeader() {
setHeader("To", vectorToList(to));
}
void setCcHeader() {
if (!cc.isEmpty()) { // thanks to Patrice, patricek_97@yahoo.com
setHeader("Cc", vectorToList(cc));
}
}
String vectorToList(Vector v) {
StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
Enumeration e = v.elements();
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
buf.append(e.nextElement());
if (e.hasMoreElements()) {
buf.append(", ");
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
void flushHeaders() throws IOException {
// XXX Should I care about order here?
Enumeration e = headers.keys();
while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String) e.nextElement();
String value = (String) headers.get(name);
out.println(name + ": " + value);
}
out.println();
out.flush();
}
/**
* Sends the message and closes the connection to the server.
* The MailMessage object cannot be reused.
*
* @exception IOException if there's any problem reported by the mail server
*/
public void sendAndClose() throws IOException {
sendDot();
disconnect();
}
// Make a limited attempt to extract a sanitized email address
// Prefer text in <brackets>, ignore anything in (parentheses)
// Remove accents
public static String sanitizeAddress(final String s) {
int paramDepth = 0;
int start = 0;
int end = 0;
int len = s.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
if (c == '(') {
paramDepth++;
if (start == 0) {
end = i; // support "address (name)"
}
}
else if (c == ')') {
paramDepth--;
if (end == 0) {
start = i + 1; // support "(name) address"
}
}
else if (paramDepth == 0 && c == '<') {
start = i + 1;
}
else if (paramDepth == 0 && c == '>') {
end = i;
}
}
if (end == 0) {
end = len;
}
String a = s.substring(start, end);
a = a.replace('á','a'); a = a.replace('à','a');
a = a.replace('é','e'); a = a.replace('è','è');
a = a.replace('í','i'); a = a.replace('ì','i');
a = a.replace('ó','o'); a = a.replace('ò','o');
a = a.replace('ú','u'); a = a.replace('ù','u');
if (a.endsWith(".")) a = a.substring(0, a.length()-1);
int iDotDot = a.indexOf("..");
if (iDotDot>0) a = a.substring(0,iDotDot)+a.substring(iDotDot+1);
return a;
}
// * * * * * Raw protocol methods below here * * * * *
void connect() throws IOException {
socket = new Socket(host, 25);
out = new MailPrintStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
socket.getOutputStream()));
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
getReady();
}
void getReady() throws IOException {
String response = in.readLine();
int[] ok = { 220 };
if (!isResponseOK(response, ok)) {
throw new IOException(
"Didn't get introduction from server: " + response);
}
}
void sendHelo() throws IOException {
String local = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();
int[] ok = { 250 };
send("HELO " + local, ok);
}
void sendFrom(String from) throws IOException {
int[] ok = { 250 };
send("MAIL FROM: " + "<" + sanitizeAddress(from) + ">", ok);
}
void sendRcpt(String rcpt) throws IOException {
int[] ok = { 250, 251 };
send("RCPT TO: " + "<" + sanitizeAddress(rcpt) + ">", ok);
}
void sendData() throws IOException {
int[] ok = { 354 };
send("DATA", ok);
}
void sendDot() throws IOException {
int[] ok = { 250 };
send("\r\n.", ok); // make sure dot is on new line
}
void sendQuit() throws IOException {
int[] ok = { 221 };
send("QUIT", ok);
}
void send(String msg, int[] ok) throws IOException {
out.rawPrint(msg + "\r\n"); // raw supports <CRLF>.<CRLF>
//System.out.println("S: " + msg);
String response = in.readLine();
//System.out.println("R: " + response);
if (!isResponseOK(response, ok)) {
throw new IOException(
"Unexpected reply to command: " + msg + ": " + response);
}
}
boolean isResponseOK(String response, int[] ok) {
// Check that the response is one of the valid codes
for (int i = 0; i < ok.length; i++) {
if (response.startsWith("" + ok[i])) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void disconnect() throws IOException {
if (out != null) out.close();
if (in != null) in.close();
if (socket != null) socket.close();
}
}
// This PrintStream subclass makes sure that <CRLF>. becomes <CRLF>..
// per RFC 821. It also ensures that new lines are always \r\n.
//
class MailPrintStream extends PrintStream {
int lastChar;
public MailPrintStream(OutputStream out) {
super(out, true); // deprecated, but email is byte-oriented
}
// Mac OS 9 does \r, but that's tough to distinguish from Windows \r\n.
// Don't tackle that problem right now.
public void write(int b) {
if (b == '\n' && lastChar != '\r') {
rawWrite('\r'); // ensure always \r\n
rawWrite(b);
}
else if (b == '.' && lastChar == '\n') {
rawWrite('.'); // add extra dot
rawWrite(b);
}
else if (b != '\n' && lastChar == '\r') { // Special Mac OS 9 handling
rawWrite('\n');
rawWrite(b);
if (b == '.') {
rawWrite('.'); // add extra dot
}
}
else {
rawWrite(b);
}
lastChar = b;
}
public void write(byte buf[], int off, int len) {
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
write(buf[off + i]);
}
}
void rawWrite(int b) {
super.write(b);
}
void rawPrint(String s) {
int len = s.length();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
rawWrite(s.charAt(i));
}
}
}