/** * Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation * * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.FilterInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ConnectException; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.SocketTimeoutException; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.Hashtable; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong; import javax.net.SocketFactory; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.HbaseObjectWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.PoolMap; import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.PoolMap.PoolType; import org.apache.hadoop.io.DataOutputBuffer; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.io.ObjectWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException; import org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils; import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation; import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils; /** A client for an IPC service. IPC calls take a single {@link Writable} as a * parameter, and return a {@link Writable} as their value. A service runs on * a port and is defined by a parameter class and a value class. * * <p>This is the org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Client renamed as HBaseClient and * moved into this package so can access package-private methods. * * @see HBaseServer */ public class HBaseClient { private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog("org.apache.hadoop.ipc.HBaseClient"); // probably should make this thread pool size configurable via property file or so protected final PoolMap<ConnectionId, Connection> connections = new PoolMap<ConnectionId, Connection>(PoolType.RoundRobin, 100); protected final Class<? extends Writable> valueClass; // class of call values protected int counter; // counter for call ids protected final AtomicBoolean running = new AtomicBoolean(true); // if client runs final protected Configuration conf; final protected int maxIdleTime; // connections will be culled if it was idle for // maxIdleTime microsecs final protected int maxRetries; //the max. no. of retries for socket connections final protected long failureSleep; // Time to sleep before retry on failure. protected final boolean tcpNoDelay; // if T then disable Nagle's Algorithm protected final boolean tcpKeepAlive; // if T then use keepalives protected int pingInterval; // how often sends ping to the server in msecs protected int socketTimeout; // socket timeout protected final SocketFactory socketFactory; // how to create sockets private int refCount = 1; final private static String PING_INTERVAL_NAME = "ipc.ping.interval"; final private static String SOCKET_TIMEOUT = "ipc.socket.timeout"; final static int DEFAULT_PING_INTERVAL = 60000; // 1 min final static int DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT = 20000; // 20 seconds final static int PING_CALL_ID = -1; protected static AtomicInteger currentTotal = new AtomicInteger(0); /** * set the ping interval value in configuration * * @param conf Configuration * @param pingInterval the ping interval */ public static void setPingInterval(Configuration conf, int pingInterval) { conf.setInt(PING_INTERVAL_NAME, pingInterval); } /** * Get the ping interval from configuration; * If not set in the configuration, return the default value. * * @param conf Configuration * @return the ping interval */ static int getPingInterval(Configuration conf) { return conf.getInt(PING_INTERVAL_NAME, DEFAULT_PING_INTERVAL); } /** * Set the socket timeout * @param conf Configuration * @param socketTimeout the socket timeout */ public static void setSocketTimeout(Configuration conf, int socketTimeout) { conf.setInt(SOCKET_TIMEOUT, socketTimeout); } /** * @return the socket timeout */ static int getSocketTimeout(Configuration conf) { return conf.getInt(SOCKET_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT); } /** * Increment this client's reference count * */ synchronized void incCount() { refCount++; } /** * Decrement this client's reference count * */ synchronized void decCount() { refCount--; } /** * Return if this client has no reference * * @return true if this client has no reference; false otherwise */ synchronized boolean isZeroReference() { return refCount==0; } /** A call waiting for a value. */ private class Call { final int id; // call id final Writable param; // parameter Writable value; // value, null if error IOException error; // exception, null if value boolean done; // true when call is done protected Call(Writable param) { this.param = param; synchronized (HBaseClient.this) { this.id = counter++; } } /** Indicate when the call is complete and the * value or error are available. Notifies by default. */ protected synchronized void callComplete() { this.done = true; notify(); // notify caller } /** Set the exception when there is an error. * Notify the caller the call is done. * * @param error exception thrown by the call; either local or remote */ public synchronized void setException(IOException error) { this.error = error; callComplete(); } /** Set the return value when there is no error. * Notify the caller the call is done. * * @param value return value of the call. */ public synchronized void setValue(Writable value) { this.value = value; callComplete(); } } /** Thread that reads responses and notifies callers. Each connection owns a * socket connected to a remote address. Calls are multiplexed through this * socket: responses may be delivered out of order. */ private class Connection extends Thread { private ConnectionId remoteId; private Socket socket = null; // connected socket private DataInputStream in; private DataOutputStream out; // currently active calls private final Hashtable<Integer, Call> calls = new Hashtable<Integer, Call>(); private final AtomicLong lastActivity = new AtomicLong();// last I/O activity time protected final AtomicBoolean shouldCloseConnection = new AtomicBoolean(); // indicate if the connection is closed private IOException closeException; // close reason public Connection(InetSocketAddress address) throws IOException { this(new ConnectionId(address, null, 0)); } public Connection(ConnectionId remoteId) throws IOException { if (remoteId.getAddress().isUnresolved()) { throw new UnknownHostException("unknown host: " + remoteId.getAddress().getHostName()); } this.remoteId = remoteId; UserGroupInformation ticket = remoteId.getTicket(); this.setName("IPC Client (" + socketFactory.hashCode() +") connection to " + remoteId.getAddress().toString() + ((ticket==null)?" from an unknown user": (" from " + ticket.getUserName()))); this.setDaemon(true); } /** Update lastActivity with the current time. */ private void touch() { lastActivity.set(System.currentTimeMillis()); } /** * Add a call to this connection's call queue and notify * a listener; synchronized. * Returns false if called during shutdown. * @param call to add * @return true if the call was added. */ protected synchronized boolean addCall(Call call) { if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) return false; calls.put(call.id, call); notify(); return true; } /** This class sends a ping to the remote side when timeout on * reading. If no failure is detected, it retries until at least * a byte is read. */ private class PingInputStream extends FilterInputStream { /* constructor */ protected PingInputStream(InputStream in) { super(in); } /* Process timeout exception * if the connection is not going to be closed, send a ping. * otherwise, throw the timeout exception. */ private void handleTimeout(SocketTimeoutException e) throws IOException { if (shouldCloseConnection.get() || !running.get() || remoteId.rpcTimeout > 0) { throw e; } sendPing(); } /** Read a byte from the stream. * Send a ping if timeout on read. Retries if no failure is detected * until a byte is read. * @throws IOException for any IO problem other than socket timeout */ @Override public int read() throws IOException { do { try { return super.read(); } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) { handleTimeout(e); } } while (true); } /** Read bytes into a buffer starting from offset <code>off</code> * Send a ping if timeout on read. Retries if no failure is detected * until a byte is read. * * @return the total number of bytes read; -1 if the connection is closed. */ @Override public int read(byte[] buf, int off, int len) throws IOException { do { try { return super.read(buf, off, len); } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) { handleTimeout(e); } } while (true); } } /** Connect to the server and set up the I/O streams. It then sends * a header to the server and starts * the connection thread that waits for responses. * @throws java.io.IOException e */ protected synchronized void setupIOstreams() throws IOException { if (socket != null || shouldCloseConnection.get()) { return; } short ioFailures = 0; short timeoutFailures = 0; try { if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Connecting to "+remoteId.getAddress()); } while (true) { try { this.socket = socketFactory.createSocket(); this.socket.setTcpNoDelay(tcpNoDelay); this.socket.setKeepAlive(tcpKeepAlive); NetUtils.connect(this.socket, remoteId.getAddress(), getSocketTimeout(conf)); if (remoteId.rpcTimeout > 0) { pingInterval = remoteId.rpcTimeout; // overwrite pingInterval } this.socket.setSoTimeout(pingInterval); break; } catch (SocketTimeoutException toe) { handleConnectionFailure(timeoutFailures++, maxRetries, toe); } catch (IOException ie) { handleConnectionFailure(ioFailures++, maxRetries, ie); } } this.in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream (new PingInputStream(NetUtils.getInputStream(socket)))); this.out = new DataOutputStream (new BufferedOutputStream(NetUtils.getOutputStream(socket))); writeHeader(); // update last activity time touch(); // start the receiver thread after the socket connection has been set up start(); } catch (IOException e) { markClosed(e); close(); throw e; } } /* Handle connection failures * * If the current number of retries is equal to the max number of retries, * stop retrying and throw the exception; Otherwise backoff N seconds and * try connecting again. * * This Method is only called from inside setupIOstreams(), which is * synchronized. Hence the sleep is synchronized; the locks will be retained. * * @param curRetries current number of retries * @param maxRetries max number of retries allowed * @param ioe failure reason * @throws IOException if max number of retries is reached */ private void handleConnectionFailure( int curRetries, int maxRetries, IOException ioe) throws IOException { // close the current connection if (socket != null) { // could be null if the socket creation failed try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { LOG.warn("Not able to close a socket", e); } } // set socket to null so that the next call to setupIOstreams // can start the process of connect all over again. socket = null; // throw the exception if the maximum number of retries is reached if (curRetries >= maxRetries) { throw ioe; } // otherwise back off and retry try { Thread.sleep(failureSleep); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {} LOG.info("Retrying connect to server: " + remoteId.getAddress() + " after sleeping " + failureSleep + "ms. Already tried " + curRetries + " time(s)."); } /* Write the header for each connection * Out is not synchronized because only the first thread does this. */ private void writeHeader() throws IOException { out.write(HBaseServer.HEADER.array()); out.write(HBaseServer.CURRENT_VERSION); //When there are more fields we can have ConnectionHeader Writable. DataOutputBuffer buf = new DataOutputBuffer(); ObjectWritable.writeObject(buf, remoteId.getTicket(), UserGroupInformation.class, conf); int bufLen = buf.getLength(); out.writeInt(bufLen); out.write(buf.getData(), 0, bufLen); } /* wait till someone signals us to start reading RPC response or * it is idle too long, it is marked as to be closed, * or the client is marked as not running. * * Return true if it is time to read a response; false otherwise. */ @SuppressWarnings({"ThrowableInstanceNeverThrown"}) private synchronized boolean waitForWork() { if (calls.isEmpty() && !shouldCloseConnection.get() && running.get()) { long timeout = maxIdleTime- (System.currentTimeMillis()-lastActivity.get()); if (timeout>0) { try { wait(timeout); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {} } } if (!calls.isEmpty() && !shouldCloseConnection.get() && running.get()) { return true; } else if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) { return false; } else if (calls.isEmpty()) { // idle connection closed or stopped markClosed(null); return false; } else { // get stopped but there are still pending requests markClosed((IOException)new IOException().initCause( new InterruptedException())); return false; } } public InetSocketAddress getRemoteAddress() { return remoteId.getAddress(); } /* Send a ping to the server if the time elapsed * since last I/O activity is equal to or greater than the ping interval */ protected synchronized void sendPing() throws IOException { long curTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); if ( curTime - lastActivity.get() >= pingInterval) { lastActivity.set(curTime); //noinspection SynchronizeOnNonFinalField synchronized (this.out) { out.writeInt(PING_CALL_ID); out.flush(); } } } @Override public void run() { if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) LOG.debug(getName() + ": starting, having connections " + connections.size()); try { while (waitForWork()) {//wait here for work - read or close connection receiveResponse(); } } catch (Throwable t) { LOG.warn("Unexpected exception receiving call responses", t); markClosed(new IOException("Unexpected exception receiving call responses", t)); } close(); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) LOG.debug(getName() + ": stopped, remaining connections " + connections.size()); } /* Initiates a call by sending the parameter to the remote server. * Note: this is not called from the Connection thread, but by other * threads. */ protected void sendParam(Call call) { if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) { return; } DataOutputBuffer d=null; try { //noinspection SynchronizeOnNonFinalField synchronized (this.out) { // FindBugs IS2_INCONSISTENT_SYNC if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) LOG.debug(getName() + " sending #" + call.id); //for serializing the //data to be written d = new DataOutputBuffer(); d.writeInt(0xdeadbeef); // placeholder for data length d.writeInt(call.id); call.param.write(d); byte[] data = d.getData(); int dataLength = d.getLength(); // fill in the placeholder Bytes.putInt(data, 0, dataLength - 4); out.write(data, 0, dataLength); out.flush(); } } catch(IOException e) { markClosed(e); } finally { //the buffer is just an in-memory buffer, but it is still polite to // close early IOUtils.closeStream(d); } } /* Receive a response. * Because only one receiver, so no synchronization on in. */ private void receiveResponse() { if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) { return; } touch(); try { int id = in.readInt(); // try to read an id if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) LOG.debug(getName() + " got value #" + id); Call call = calls.get(id); boolean isError = in.readBoolean(); // read if error if (isError) { //noinspection ThrowableInstanceNeverThrown call.setException(new RemoteException( WritableUtils.readString(in), WritableUtils.readString(in))); calls.remove(id); } else { Writable value = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(valueClass, conf); value.readFields(in); // read value call.setValue(value); calls.remove(id); } } catch (IOException e) { markClosed(e); } } private synchronized void markClosed(IOException e) { if (shouldCloseConnection.compareAndSet(false, true)) { connections.remove(this.remoteId, this); currentTotal.decrementAndGet(); closeException = e; notifyAll(); } } /** Close the connection. */ private synchronized void close() { if (!shouldCloseConnection.get()) { LOG.error("The connection is not in the closed state"); return; } // release the resources // first thing to do;take the connection out of the connection list synchronized (connections) { if (connections.get(remoteId) == this) { connections.remove(remoteId); currentTotal.decrementAndGet(); } } // close the streams and therefore the socket IOUtils.closeStream(out); IOUtils.closeStream(in); // clean up all calls if (closeException == null) { if (!calls.isEmpty()) { LOG.warn( "A connection is closed for no cause and calls are not empty"); // clean up calls anyway closeException = new IOException("Unexpected closed connection"); cleanupCalls(); } } else { // log the info if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("closing ipc connection to " + remoteId.address + ": " + closeException.getMessage(),closeException); } // cleanup calls cleanupCalls(); } if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) LOG.debug(getName() + ": closed"); } /* Cleanup all calls and mark them as done */ private void cleanupCalls() { Iterator<Entry<Integer, Call>> itor = calls.entrySet().iterator() ; while (itor.hasNext()) { Call c = itor.next().getValue(); c.setException(closeException); // local exception itor.remove(); } } } /** Call implementation used for parallel calls. */ private class ParallelCall extends Call { private final ParallelResults results; protected final int index; public ParallelCall(Writable param, ParallelResults results, int index) { super(param); this.results = results; this.index = index; } /** Deliver result to result collector. */ @Override protected void callComplete() { results.callComplete(this); } } /** Result collector for parallel calls. */ private static class ParallelResults { protected final Writable[] values; protected int size; protected int count; public ParallelResults(int size) { this.values = new Writable[size]; this.size = size; } /* * Collect a result. */ synchronized void callComplete(ParallelCall call) { // FindBugs IS2_INCONSISTENT_SYNC values[call.index] = call.value; // store the value count++; // count it if (count == size) // if all values are in notify(); // then notify waiting caller } } /** * Construct an IPC client whose values are of the given {@link Writable} * class. * @param valueClass value class * @param conf configuration * @param factory socket factory */ public HBaseClient(Class<? extends Writable> valueClass, Configuration conf, SocketFactory factory) { this.valueClass = valueClass; this.maxIdleTime = conf.getInt("hbase.ipc.client.connection.maxidletime", 10000); //10s this.maxRetries = conf.getInt("hbase.ipc.client.connect.max.retries", 0); this.failureSleep = conf.getInt("hbase.client.pause", 1000); this.tcpNoDelay = conf.getBoolean("hbase.ipc.client.tcpnodelay", false); this.tcpKeepAlive = conf.getBoolean("hbase.ipc.client.tcpkeepalive", true); this.pingInterval = getPingInterval(conf); if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("The ping interval is" + this.pingInterval + "ms."); } this.conf = conf; this.socketFactory = factory; } /** * Construct an IPC client with the default SocketFactory * @param valueClass value class * @param conf configuration */ public HBaseClient(Class<? extends Writable> valueClass, Configuration conf) { this(valueClass, conf, NetUtils.getDefaultSocketFactory(conf)); } /** Return the socket factory of this client * * @return this client's socket factory */ SocketFactory getSocketFactory() { return socketFactory; } /** Stop all threads related to this client. No further calls may be made * using this client. */ public void stop() { if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) { LOG.debug("Stopping client"); } if (!running.compareAndSet(true, false)) { return; } // wake up all connections synchronized (connections) { for (Connection conn : connections.values()) { conn.interrupt(); } } // wait until all connections are closed while (!connections.isEmpty()) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) { } } } /** Make a call, passing <code>param</code>, to the IPC server running at * <code>address</code>, returning the value. Throws exceptions if there are * network problems or if the remote code threw an exception. * @param param writable parameter * @param address network address * @return Writable * @throws IOException e */ public Writable call(Writable param, InetSocketAddress address) throws IOException { return call(param, address, null, 0); } public Writable call(Writable param, InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, int rpcTimeout) throws IOException { Call call = new Call(param); Connection connection = getConnection(addr, ticket, rpcTimeout, call); connection.sendParam(call); // send the parameter boolean interrupted = false; //noinspection SynchronizationOnLocalVariableOrMethodParameter synchronized (call) { while (!call.done) { try { call.wait(); // wait for the result } catch (InterruptedException ignored) { // save the fact that we were interrupted interrupted = true; } } if (interrupted) { // set the interrupt flag now that we are done waiting Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); } if (call.error != null) { if (call.error instanceof RemoteException) { call.error.fillInStackTrace(); throw call.error; } // local exception throw wrapException(addr, call.error); } return call.value; } } /** * Take an IOException and the address we were trying to connect to * and return an IOException with the input exception as the cause. * The new exception provides the stack trace of the place where * the exception is thrown and some extra diagnostics information. * If the exception is ConnectException or SocketTimeoutException, * return a new one of the same type; Otherwise return an IOException. * * @param addr target address * @param exception the relevant exception * @return an exception to throw */ @SuppressWarnings({"ThrowableInstanceNeverThrown"}) private IOException wrapException(InetSocketAddress addr, IOException exception) { if (exception instanceof ConnectException) { //connection refused; include the host:port in the error return (ConnectException)new ConnectException( "Call to " + addr + " failed on connection exception: " + exception) .initCause(exception); } else if (exception instanceof SocketTimeoutException) { return (SocketTimeoutException)new SocketTimeoutException( "Call to " + addr + " failed on socket timeout exception: " + exception).initCause(exception); } else { return (IOException)new IOException( "Call to " + addr + " failed on local exception: " + exception) .initCause(exception); } } /** Makes a set of calls in parallel. Each parameter is sent to the * corresponding address. When all values are available, or have timed out * or errored, the collected results are returned in an array. The array * contains nulls for calls that timed out or errored. * @param params writable parameters * @param addresses socket addresses * @return Writable[] * @throws IOException e */ public Writable[] call(Writable[] params, InetSocketAddress[] addresses) throws IOException { if (addresses.length == 0) return new Writable[0]; ParallelResults results = new ParallelResults(params.length); // TODO this synchronization block doesnt make any sense, we should possibly fix it //noinspection SynchronizationOnLocalVariableOrMethodParameter synchronized (results) { for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) { ParallelCall call = new ParallelCall(params[i], results, i); try { Connection connection = getConnection(addresses[i], null, 0, call); connection.sendParam(call); // send each parameter } catch (IOException e) { // log errors LOG.info("Calling "+addresses[i]+" caught: " + e.getMessage(),e); results.size--; // wait for one fewer result } } while (results.count != results.size) { try { results.wait(); // wait for all results } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {} } return results.values; } } /* Get a connection from the pool, or create a new one and add it to the * pool. Connections to a given host/port are reused. */ private Connection getConnection(InetSocketAddress addr, UserGroupInformation ticket, int rpcTimeout, Call call) throws IOException { if (!running.get()) { // the client is stopped throw new IOException("The client is stopped"); } Connection connection; /* we could avoid this allocation for each RPC by having a * connectionsId object and with set() method. We need to manage the * refs for keys in HashMap properly. For now its ok. */ ConnectionId remoteId = new ConnectionId(addr, ticket, rpcTimeout); do { synchronized (connections) { connection = connections.get(remoteId); if (connection == null) { connection = new Connection(remoteId); connections.put(remoteId, connection); } } } while (!connection.addCall(call)); //we don't invoke the method below inside "synchronized (connections)" //block above. The reason for that is if the server happens to be slow, //it will take longer to establish a connection and that will slow the //entire system down. connection.setupIOstreams(); return connection; } /** * This class holds the address and the user ticket. The client connections * to servers are uniquely identified by <remoteAddress, ticket> */ private static class ConnectionId { final InetSocketAddress address; final UserGroupInformation ticket; final private int rpcTimeout; ConnectionId(InetSocketAddress address, UserGroupInformation ticket, int rpcTimeout) { this.address = address; this.ticket = ticket; this.rpcTimeout = rpcTimeout; } InetSocketAddress getAddress() { return address; } UserGroupInformation getTicket() { return ticket; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof ConnectionId) { ConnectionId id = (ConnectionId) obj; return address.equals(id.address) && ticket == id.ticket && rpcTimeout == id.rpcTimeout; //Note : ticket is a ref comparision. } return false; } @Override public int hashCode() { return address.hashCode() ^ System.identityHashCode(ticket) ^ rpcTimeout; } } }